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Seyyar SA, Tıskaoğlu NS, Onder Tokuc E, Mercanlı M, Doğan L. Is serum vitamin D associated with diabetic retinopathy and its severity or with diabetes itself ? Clin Exp Optom 2023; 106:612-618. [PMID: 35786311 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2022.2090232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency, which is found in approximately one-third of the population of the world, may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Physicians following diabetes patients should be aware of this relationship and should refer patients to for ophthalmic care for control in a timely manner. BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common complications of diabetic microvascular disease. VitD deficiency has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes and may have a role in development and severity of diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of serum VitD and some laboratory parameters with the presence of diabetes and retinopathy. METHODS In this study, which has a retrospective epidemiological study design, comprehensive ophthalmologic examination data from the eye clinic, laboratory data from fasting blood tests, and internal medicine outpatient clinic examination data were reviewed. All participants were divided into four groups: 109 healthy controls, and 165 patients with type 2 diabetes of whom 54 did not have retinopathy, 64 had proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and 47 had non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Participants were also divided into four groups according to their serum VitD levels. Serum 25(OH)D, HbA1C, creatine, calcium, phosphate, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein levels were evaluated. RESULTS In the whole study cohort, 152 (55.5%) were female and 122 (44.5%) were male. A statistically significant difference was observed in VitD between the healthy group and the diabetic and proliferative diabetic retinopathy groups (p ≤ 0.001). However, no significant correlation was observed between the presence of diabetes and retinopathy and serum VitD in logistic regression analyses (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Diabetic patients have lower 25(OH)D than non-diabetic patients and there is no direct relationship between 25(OH)D and the development of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Ayça Seyyar
- Kocaeli Derince Education and Research Hospital Ophthalmology Department, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nesime Setge Tıskaoğlu
- Ersin Arslan Education and Research Hospital Ophthalmology Department, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ecem Onder Tokuc
- Kocaeli Derince Education and Research Hospital Ophthalmology Department, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Murat Mercanlı
- Gaziantep University Hospital Ophthalmology Department, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Levent Doğan
- Ophthalmology Department, Tatvan State Hospital, Bitlis, Turkey
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Varghese JE, Balasubramanian B, Velayuthaprabhu S, Thirunavukkarasu V, Rengarajan RL, Murugesh E, Manikandan P, Arun M, Anand AV. Therapeutic effects of vitamin D and cancer: An overview. FOOD FRONTIERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jisha Elsa Varghese
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology Bharathiar University Tamil Nadu India
| | | | | | | | | | - Easwaran Murugesh
- Nutritional Improvement of Crops International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India
| | | | - Meyyazhagan Arun
- Department of Life Sciences CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Karnataka India
| | - Arumugam Vijaya Anand
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology Bharathiar University Tamil Nadu India
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Vähätupa M, Järvinen TAH, Uusitalo-Järvinen H. Exploration of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy Model to Discover New Therapeutic Drug Targets in Retinopathies. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:873. [PMID: 32595503 PMCID: PMC7300227 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) is a pure hypoxia-driven angiogenesis model and the most widely used model for ischemic retinopathies, such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). OIR model has been used to test new potential anti-angiogenic factors for human diseases. We have recently performed the most comprehensive characterization of OIR by a relatively novel mass spectrometry (MS) technique, sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectra (SWATH-MS) proteomics and used genetically modified mice strains to identify novel molecular drug targets in angiogenic retinal diseases. We have confirmed the relevance of the identified molecular targets to human diseases by determining their expression pattern in neovascular membranes obtained from PDR and RVO patients. Based on our results, crystallins were the most prominent proteins induced by early hypoxic environment during the OIR, while actomyosin complex and Filamin A-R-Ras axis, that regulates vascular permeability of the angiogenic blood vessels, stood out at the peak of angiogenesis. Our results have revealed potential new therapeutic targets to address hypoxia-induced pathological angiogenesis and the associated vascular permeability in number of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vähätupa
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tero A. H. Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hannele Uusitalo-Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Oxidative Stress Alters Angiogenic and Antimicrobial Content of Extracellular Vesicles and Improves Flap Survival. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2019; 7:e2588. [PMID: 32537316 PMCID: PMC7288884 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) (ADSC-EVs) improve flap survival after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Exposure of parent ADSCs to oxidative stress has been shown to enhance this effect, but mechanisms are unclear. We aimed to determine whether angiogenesis-promoting protein and microRNA (miRNA) content is altered in EVs after preconditioning with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 ADSC-EVs) and whether H2O2 ADSC-EVs can increase viability of random pattern skin flaps. Methods EVs secreted by human ADSCs were isolated after culture in EV-depleted medium ± H2O2. Nanoparticle tracking analysis determined size and concentration of purified EVs. Mass spectrometry and small RNA next-generation sequencing were performed to compare proteomic and miRNA profiles. ADSC-EVs, H2O2 ADSC-EVs, or vehicle were injected into random pattern skin flaps of BALB/c mice (4-5 mice per group). Viable and necrotic areas were measured on day 7, and tissues underwent histologic analysis. Results Angiogenic and antimicrobial protein content of EVs was altered with H2O2 preconditioning. Functional enrichment analysis identified constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 signalosome (known to direct vascular endothelial growth factor production) as the major enriched Gene Ontology term unique to H2O2 ADSC-EVs. Two miRNAs were increased, and 12 (including 10 antiangiogenic miRNAs) were reduced in H2O2 ADSC-EVs. Enhanced viability (P < 0.05) of flaps treated with H2O2 ADSC-EVs compared with vehicle corresponded to increased capillary density in the H2O2 group (P < 0.001). Conclusion Altered protein and miRNA content in ADSC-EVs after H2O2 pretreatment likely contributes to enhanced therapeutic effects on flap survival observed in preclinical models.
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Bigelsen S. Evidence-based complementary treatment of pancreatic cancer: a review of adjunct therapies including paricalcitol, hydroxychloroquine, intravenous vitamin C, statins, metformin, curcumin, and aspirin. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:2003-2018. [PMID: 30034255 PMCID: PMC6049054 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s161824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite new and exciting research and renewed optimism about future therapy, current statistics of survival from pancreatic cancer remains dismal. Patients seeking alternative or complementary treatments should be warned to avoid the hype and instead look to real science. A variety of relatively safe and inexpensive treatment options that have shown success in preclinical models and/or retrospective studies are currently available. Patients require their physicians to provide therapeutic guidance and assistance in obtaining and administrating these various therapies. Paricalcitol, an analog of vitamin D, has been shown by researchers at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies to break though the protective stroma surrounding tumor cells. Hydroxychloroquine has been shown to inhibit autophagy, a process by which dying cells recycle injured organelles and internal toxins to generate needed energy for survival and reproduction. Intravenous vitamin C creates a toxic accumulation of hydrogen peroxide within cancer cells, hastening their death. Metformin inhibits mitochondrial oxidative metabolism utilized by cancer stem cells. Statins inhibit not only cholesterol but also other factors in the same pathway that affect cancer cell growth, protein synthesis, and cell cycle progression. A novel formulation of curcumin may prevent resistance to chemotherapy and inhibit pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. Aspirin therapy has been shown to prevent pancreatic cancer and may be useful to prevent recurrence. These therapies are all currently available and are reviewed in this paper with emphasis on the most recent laboratory research and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Bigelsen
- Department of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA,
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Vitamins and regulation of angiogenesis: [A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12, C, D, E, K]. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Reichert M. Proteome analysis of sheep B lymphocytes in the course of bovine leukemia virus-induced leukemia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1363-1375. [PMID: 28436273 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217705864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Presented are the results of a study of the expression pattern of different proteins in the course of bovine leukemia virus-induced leukemia in experimental sheep and I discuss how the obtained data may be useful in gaining a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, diagnosis, and for the selection of possible therapeutic targets. In cattle, the disease is characterized by life-long persistent lymphocytosis leading to leukemia/lymphoma in about 5% of infected animals. In sheep, as opposed to cattle, the course of the disease is always fatal and clinical symptoms usually occur within a three-year period after infection. For this reason, sheep are an excellent experimental model of retrovirus-induced leukemia. This model can be useful for human pathology, as bovine leukemia virus is closely related to human T-lymphotropic virus type 1. The data presented here provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of the bovine leukemia virus-induced tumorigenic process and indicate the potential marker proteins both for monitoring progression of the disease and as possible targets of pharmacological intervention. A study of the proteome of B lymphocytes from four leukemic sheep revealed 11 proteins with altered expression. Among them, cytoskeleton and intermediate filament proteins were the most abundant, although proteins belonging to the other functional groups, i.e. enzymes, regulatory proteins, and transcription factors, were also present. It was found that trypsin inhibitor, platelet factor 4, thrombospondin 1, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, fibrinogen alpha chain, zyxin, filamin-A, and vitamin D-binding protein were downregulated, whereas cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 5, non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein and small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein alpha were upregulated. Discussed are the possible mechanisms of their altered expression and its significance in the bovine leukemia virus-induced leukemogenic process. Impact statement The submitted manuscript provides new data on the molecular mechanisms of BLV-induced tumorigenic process indicating the potential marker proteins both for monitoring the progression of the disease and as possible targets of pharmacological intervention. This is to my knowledge the first study of the proteome of the transformed lymphocytes in the course of bovine leukemia virus-induced leukemia in susceptible animals. BLV can be considered as useful model for related human pathogen - HTLV-1, another member of the deltaretrovirus genus evolutionary closely related to BLV. Information gathered in this study can be useful to speculate on possible shared mechanisms of deltaretrovirus-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Reichert
- Department of Pathology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy 24-100, Poland
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Polychlorinated biphenyls target Notch/Dll and VEGF R2 in the mouse placenta and human trophoblast cell lines for their anti-angiogenic effects. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39885. [PMID: 28071720 PMCID: PMC5223111 DOI: 10.1038/srep39885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The intrauterine environment is particularly vulnerable to environmental exposures. We previously established a mouse model that provided evidence for pregnancy complications and placental anti-angiogenesis in response to Aroclor 1254 (A-1254), a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Importantly, these effects were observed in IL-10-/-, but not wild type, mice, suggesting that IL-10 deficiency predisposes to pregnancy disruptive effects of environmental toxicants. However, the mechanisms by which PCBs cause anti-angiogenic effects are unclear. Here, we evaluated PCB-mediated anti-angiogenic effects by diverse but complementary approaches, including HUVEC-mediated trophoblast invasion in nude mice, in vitro three-dimensional capillary tube formation involving HUVEC and/or HTR8 trophoblasts, and aortic ring endothelial cell outgrowth/sprouting. Taken together, our data suggest that PCBs act as potent anti-angiogenic agents. Importantly, we show that treatment of pregnant IL-10-/- mice with A-1254 resulted in placental activation of the Notch/Delta-like ligand (Dll) pathway, a master regulator of cell-cell interaction and vascular patterning. Similar results were obtained with HUVEC and HTR8 trophoblasts. Rescue of A-1254-induced disruption of HUVEC-based tube formation by γ-secretase inhibitor L1790 confirmed the critical role of the Notch/Dll pathway. Our data suggest that PCBs impart pregnancy disruptive functions by activating the Notch/Dll pathway and by inducing anti-angiogenic effects at the maternal-fetal interface.
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Glycan structure of Gc Protein-derived Macrophage Activating Factor as revealed by mass spectrometry. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 606:167-79. [PMID: 27503803 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Disagreement exists regarding the O-glycan structure attached to human vitamin D binding protein (DBP). Previously reported evidence indicated that the O-glycan of the Gc1S allele product is the linear core 1 NeuNAc-Gal-GalNAc-Thr trisaccharide. Here, glycan structural evidence is provided from glycan linkage analysis and over 30 serial glycosidase-digestion experiments which were followed by analysis of the intact protein by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Results demonstrate that the O-glycan from the Gc1F protein is the same linear trisaccharide found on the Gc1S protein and that the hexose residue is galactose. In addition, the putative anti-cancer derivative of DBP known as Gc Protein-derived Macrophage Activating Factor (GcMAF, which is formed by the combined action of β-galactosidase and neuraminidase upon DBP) was analyzed intact by ESI-MS, revealing that the activating E. coli β-galactosidase cleaves nothing from the protein-leaving the glycan structure of active GcMAF as a Gal-GalNAc-Thr disaccharide, regardless of the order in which β-galactosidase and neuraminidase are applied. Moreover, glycosidase digestion results show that α-N-Acetylgalactosamindase (nagalase) lacks endoglycosidic function and only cleaves the DBP O-glycan once it has been trimmed down to a GalNAc-Thr monosaccharide-precluding the possibility of this enzyme removing the O-glycan trisaccharide from cancer-patient DBP in vivo.
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Murthy KR, Rajagopalan P, Pinto SM, Advani J, Murthy PR, Goel R, Subbannayya Y, Balakrishnan L, Dash M, Anil AK, Manda SS, Nirujogi RS, Kelkar DS, Sathe GJ, Dey G, Chatterjee A, Gowda H, Chakravarti S, Shankar S, Sahasrabuddhe NA, Nair B, Somani BL, Prasad TSK, Pandey A. Proteomics of Human Aqueous Humor. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2015; 19:283-93. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2015.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna R. Murthy
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
- Vittala International Institute of Ophthalmology, Bangalore, India
| | - Pavithra Rajagopalan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sneha M. Pinto
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayshree Advani
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Renu Goel
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Yashwanth Subbannayya
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
- Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Lavanya Balakrishnan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, India
| | - Mahashweta Dash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Abhijith K. Anil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Srikanth S. Manda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
- Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Raja Sekhar Nirujogi
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
- Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Gajanan J. Sathe
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Gourav Dey
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Shukti Chakravarti
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Subramanian Shankar
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical Division, Command Hospital (Air Force), Bangalore, India
| | | | - Bipin Nair
- Department of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - Babu Lal Somani
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
| | - T. S. Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
- Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Bonakdaran S, Shoeibi N. Is there any correlation between vitamin D insufficiency and diabetic retinopathy? Int J Ophthalmol 2015; 8:326-31. [PMID: 25938050 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.02.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine a relation between vitamin D level, which is an inhibitor of angiogenesis, and diabetic retinopathy and its risk factors. METHODS In a clinic-based cross sectional study two hundred and thirty-five type 2 diabetic patients older than 20y were selected. Patients were classified according to ophthalmologic examination as following: no diabetic retinopathy (NDR) (n=153), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) (n=64) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (n=18). Study subjects were tested for fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), lipid profile, microalbuminuria, HsCRP, IGF1, insulin (in patients without history of insulin taking) and 25 hydroxy vitamin D [25 (OH) D] levels. Vitamin D insufficiency was defined according to 25 (OH) D level less than 30 ng/mL. The relationship between diabetic retinopathy and serum 25 (OH) D insufficiency was evaluated. RESULTS The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 34.8% in our patients. Long duration of diabetes, hypertension, poor glycemic control, diabetic nephropathy, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance were risk factors for diabetic retinopathy but 25 (OH) D level was not significant different between NDR, NPDR and PDR groups. Correlation between 25 (OH) D level and other known risk factors of diabetic retinopathy was not significant. CONCLUSION This study did not find any association between diabetic retinopathy and its severity and vitamin D insufficiency. Vitamin D insufficiency is not related to risk factors of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoufeh Bonakdaran
- Endocrine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad 91766, Iran
| | - Nasser Shoeibi
- Retina Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91766, Iran
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Serum Proteomic Analysis of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy–Enhanced Diabetic Wound Healing in a Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Model. Plast Reconstr Surg 2014; 133:59-68. [DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000439050.08733.cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Speeckaert MM, Speeckaert R, van Geel N, Delanghe JR. Vitamin D binding protein: a multifunctional protein of clinical importance. Adv Clin Chem 2014; 63:1-57. [PMID: 24783350 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800094-6.00001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of group-specific component and its polymorphism by Hirschfeld in 1959, research has put spotlight on this multifunctional transport protein (vitamin D binding protein, DBP). Besides the transport of vitamin D metabolites, DBP is a plasma glycoprotein with many important functions, including sequestration of actin, modulation of immune and inflammatory responses, binding of fatty acids, and control of bone development. A considerable DBP polymorphism has been described with a specific allele distribution in different geographic area. Multiple studies have shed light on the interesting relationship between polymorphisms of the DBP gene and the susceptibility to diseases. In this review, we give an overview of the multifunctional character of DBP and describe the clinical importance of DBP and its polymorphisms. Finally, we discuss the possibilities to use DBP as a novel therapeutic agent.
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Thyer L, Ward E, Smith R, Branca JJ, Morucci G, Gulisano M, Noakes D, Eslinger R, Pacini S. GC protein-derived macrophage-activating factor decreases α- N-acetylgalactosaminidase levels in advanced cancer patients. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e25769. [PMID: 24179708 PMCID: PMC3812199 DOI: 10.4161/onci.25769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (nagalase) accumulates in the serum of cancer patients and its activity correlates with tumor burden, aggressiveness and clinical disease progression. The administration of GC protein-derived macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF) to cancer patients with elevated levels of nagalase has been associated with a decrease of serum nagalase activity and with significant clinical benefits. Here, we report the results of the administration of GcMAF to a heterogeneous cohort of patients with histologically diverse, advanced neoplasms, generally considered as "incurable" diseases. In most cases, GcMAF therapy was initiated at late stages of tumor progression. As this is an open-label, non-controlled, retrospective analysis, caution must be employed when establishing cause-effect relationships between the administration GcMAF and disease outcome. However, the response to GcMAF was generally robust and some trends emerged. All patients (n = 20) presented with elevated serum nagalase activity, well above normal values. All patients but one showed a significant decrease of serum nagalase activity upon weekly GcMAF injections. Decreased nagalase activity was associated with improved clinical conditions and no adverse side effects were reported. The observations reported here confirm and extend previous results and pave the way to further studies aimed at assessing the precise role and indications for GcMAF-based anticancer immunotherapy.
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Skibinski CG, Thompson HJ, Das A, Manni A, Bortner JD, Stanley A, Stanley BA, El-Bayoumy K. Proteomic Changes Induced by Effective Chemopreventive Ratios of n-3:n-6 Fatty Acids and Tamoxifen against MNU-Induced Mammary Cancer in the Rat. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:979-88. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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vinh quốc Lu'o'ng K, Nguyễn LTH. The beneficial role of vitamin D in obesity: possible genetic and cell signaling mechanisms. Nutr J 2013; 12:89. [PMID: 23800102 PMCID: PMC3702462 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity are considered an important public issue in the United States, and both of these conditions are increasing among both children and adults. There is evidence of aberrations in the vitamin D-endocrine system in obese subjects. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with obesity, and many studies have demonstrated the significant effect of calcitriol on adipocytes. Genetic studies have provided an opportunity to determine which proteins link vitamin D to obesity pathology, including the vitamin D receptor, toll-like receptors, the renin-angiotensin system, apolipoprotein E, vascular endothelial growth factor, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. Vitamin D also exerts its effect on obesity through cell-signaling mechanisms, including matrix metalloproteinases, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, prostaglandins, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide synthase. In conclusion, vitamin D may have a role in obesity. The best form of vitamin D for use in the obese individuals is calcitriol because it is the active form of the vitamin D3 metabolite, its receptors are present in adipocytes, and modulates inflammatory cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh vinh quốc Lu'o'ng
- Vietnamese American Medical Research Foundation, 14971 Brookhurst Street, Westminster, CA 92683, USA.
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Lương KVQ, Nguyễn LTH. Theoretical basis of a beneficial role for vitamin D in viral hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:5338-50. [PMID: 23082050 PMCID: PMC3471102 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i38.5338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal bone metabolism and dysfunction of the calcium-parathyroid hormone-vitamin D axis have been reported in patients with viral hepatitis. Some studies suggested a relationship between vitamin D and viral hepatitis. Genetic studies have provided an opportunity to identify the proteins that link vitamin D to the pathology of viral hepatitis (i.e., the major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, the vitamin D receptor, cytochrome P450, the renin-angiotensin system, apolipoprotein E, liver X receptor, toll-like receptor, and the proteins regulated by the Sp1 promoter gene). Vitamin D also exerts its effects on viral hepatitis via non-genomic factors, i.e., matrix metalloproteinase, endothelial vascular growth factor, prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase-2, and oxidative stress. In conclusion, vitamin D could have a beneficial role in viral hepatitis. Calcitriol is best used for viral hepatitis because it is the active form of the vitamin D3 metabolite.
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Furuta S, Jeng YM, Zhou L, Huang L, Kuhn I, Bissell MJ, Lee WH. IL-25 causes apoptosis of IL-25R-expressing breast cancer cells without toxicity to nonmalignant cells. Sci Transl Med 2011; 3:78ra31. [PMID: 21490275 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As cells differentiate into tissues, the microenvironment that surrounds these cells must cooperate so that properly organized, growth-controlled tissues are developed and maintained. We asked whether substances produced from this collaboration might thwart malignant cells if they arise in the vicinity of normal tissues. Here, we identified six factors secreted by nonmalignant mammary epithelial cells (MECs) differentiating in three-dimensional laminin-rich gels that exert cytotoxic activity on breast cancer cells. Among these, interleukin-25 (IL-25/IL-17E) had the highest anticancer activity without affecting nonmalignant MECs. Apoptotic activity of IL-25 was mediated by differential expression of its receptor, IL-25R, which was expressed in high amounts in tumors from patients with poor prognoses but was low in nonmalignant breast tissue. In response to IL-25, the IL-25R on the surface of breast cancer cells activated caspase-mediated apoptosis. Thus, the IL-25/IL-25R signaling pathway may serve as a new therapeutic target for advanced breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Furuta
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Chakraborti CK. Vitamin D as a promising anticancer agent. Indian J Pharmacol 2011; 43:113-20. [PMID: 21572642 PMCID: PMC3081446 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.77335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Presence of vitamin D receptors in noncalcemic tissues and subsequent identification of its involvement in growth factor(s)-mediated cellular function suggested its probable beneficial role in genesis, progression and survival of cancerous growths. Data collected from both in vitro and in vivo studies are highly optimistic regarding its potential in prevention and regression of colorectal, prostate and breast cancers. The vitamin has been found to interfere with the transduction pathways of various growth factor(s)-activated receptors (receptor tyrosine kinases) thereby modulating transcription and alteration of genomic functions resulting in inhibition of cell proliferation and angiogenesis and facilitation of cell differentiation and apoptosis. It also increases the level of an endogenous protein - cystatin D, which possesses antitumor and antimetastatic property, by facilitation of the expression of the gene coding for it. Though not as a primary anticancer agent, this vitamin may be used for the prevention of cancer and included as an adjuvant in combination chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer.
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Pacini S, Morucci G, Punzi T, Gulisano M, Ruggiero M. Gc protein-derived macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF) stimulates cAMP formation in human mononuclear cells and inhibits angiogenesis in chick embryo chorionallantoic membrane assay. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:479-85. [PMID: 21170647 PMCID: PMC11029590 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Gc protein-derived macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF) have been studied in cancer and other conditions where angiogenesis is deregulated. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that the mitogenic response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to GcMAF was associated with 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) formation. The effect was dose dependent, and maximal stimulation was achieved using 0.1 ng/ml. Heparin inhibited the stimulatory effect of GcMAF on PBMCs. In addition, we demonstrate that GcMAF (1 ng/ml) inhibited prostaglandin E(1)- and human breast cancer cell-stimulated angiogenesis in chick embryo chorionallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Finally, we tested different GcMAF preparations on CAM, and the assay proved to be a reliable, reproducible and inexpensive method to determine the relative potencies of different preparations and their stability; we observed that storage at room temperature for 15 days decreased GcMAF potency by about 50%. These data could prove useful for upcoming clinical trials on GcMAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pacini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Morucci
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Tiziana Punzi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Gulisano
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Ruggiero
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
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Nonaka K, Onizuka S, Ishibashi H, Uto Y, Hori H, Nakayama T, Matsuura N, Kanematsu T, Fujioka H. Vitamin D binding protein-macrophage activating factor inhibits HCC in SCID mice. J Surg Res 2010; 172:116-22. [PMID: 20855083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high incidence of recurrence after treatment is the most serious problem in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, a new strategy for the treatment of the disease is needed. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether vitamin D binding protein-macrophage activating factor (DBP-maf) is able to inhibit the growth of HCC. METHODS The effects of DBP-maf on endothelial cells and macrophage were evaluated by WST-1 assay and phagocytosis assay, respectively. Human HCC cells (HepG2) were implanted into the dorsum of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. These mice were divided into control and DBP-maf treatment groups (n = 10/group). The mice in the treatment group received 40 ng/kg/d of DBP-maf for 21 d. RESULTS DBP-maf showed anti-proliferative activity against endothelial cells and also activated phagocytosis by macrophages. DBP-maf inhibited the growth of HCC cells (treatment group: 126 ± 18mm(3), untreated group: 1691.5 ± 546.9mm(3), P = 0.0077). Histologic examinations of the tumors revealed the microvessel density was reduced and more macrophage infiltration was demonstrated in the tumor of mice in the treatment group. CONCLUSION DBP-maf has at least two novel functions, namely, an anti-angiogenic activity and tumor killing activity through the activation of macrophages. DBP-maf may therefore represent a new strategy for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Nonaka
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Department of Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Omura, Japan.
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Chowdhury UR, Madden BJ, Charlesworth MC, Fautsch MP. Proteome analysis of human aqueous humor. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51:4921-31. [PMID: 20463327 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-5531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Human aqueous humor (hAH) provides nutrition and immunity within the anterior chamber of the eye. Characterization of the protein composition of hAH will identify molecules involved in maintaining a homeostatic environment for anterior segment tissues. The present study was conducted to analyze the proteome of hAH. METHODS hAH samples obtained during elective cataract surgery were divided into three matched groups and immunodepleted of albumin, IgG, IgA, haploglobin, antitrypsin, and transferrin. Reduced and denatured proteins (20 μg) from each group were separated by gel electrophoresis. Thirty-three gel slices were excised from each of three gel lanes (n = 99), digested with trypsin, and subjected to nanoflow liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS). The protein component of hAH was also analyzed by antibody-based protein arrays, and selected proteins were quantified. RESULTS A total of 676 proteins were identified in hAH. Of the 355 proteins identified by nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS, 206 were found in all three groups. Most of the proteins identified by nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS had catalytic, enzymatic, and structural properties. Using antibody-based protein arrays, 328 cytokines, chemokines, and receptors were identified. Most of the quantified proteins had concentrations that ranged between 0.1 and 2.5 ng/mL. Ten proteins were identified by both nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS and antibody protein arrays. CONCLUSIONS Proteomic analysis of hAH identified 676 nonredundant proteins. More than 80% of these proteins are novel identifications. The elucidation of the aqueous proteome will establish a foundation for protein function analysis and identification of differentially expressed markers associated with diseases of the anterior segment.
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Luong KVQ, Nguyen LTH. The beneficial role of vitamin D and its analogs in cancer treatment and prevention. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2009; 73:192-201. [PMID: 19446468 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2009.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is the leading cause of death in the United States, and the probability of developing cancer increases dramatically with age. Interestingly, vitamin D deficiency is also recognized more often in people of advanced ages. A potential relationship between vitamin D deficiency and cancer has been reported in the literature. METHOD Review Medline database literature and discuss the relationship between vitamin D status and cancer. RESULTS Environmental (including seasonal and geographic) and genetic factors contribute to the development of both vitamin D deficiency and cancer. The vitamin D receptor is present in many tissues, especially in malignant cells, and may contribute to the successful use of vitamin D and its analogs in the treatment of some cancer patients. CONCLUSION Further investigation of the role of vitamin D in the treatment of cancer is warranted.
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Zhang J, Peng B. NF-kappaB promotes iNOS and VEGF expression in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma cells and enhances endothelial cell motility in vitro. Cell Prolif 2009; 42:150-61. [PMID: 19317804 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2009.00588.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tumour cell-derived angiogenic-related factors and endothelial cell mobility are essential for neovascularization and haematogenous metastasis of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the human salivary glands. Our previous study demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) staining correlated with ACC microvessel density. However, there still remains a lack of direct evidence to clarify the function of liposaccharide-induced NF-kappaB activity in ACC angiogenesis. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to demonstrate the function of liposaccharide-induced NF-kappaB signalling pathway (which would be relevant to angiogenesis) of ACC cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS A PCMV-IkappaBalphaM vector transfection assay was performed to inhibit NF-kappaB activity. Constitutive and liposaccharide-induced NF-kappaB activity, along with VEGF and iNOS expression, was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay. Tumour cell-derived NO(2) (-) was evaluated by a nitrite determination assay, and endothelial cell mobility was investigated by endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation assays. RESULTS We demonstrated that regulation of VEGF and iNOS expression utilized the NF-kappaB signalling pathway in ACC cell lines. In the constitutive and liposaccharide-induced condition, NF-kappaB activity was blocked by phosphorylation-defective IkappaBalpha. Accordingly, mRNA and protein expression of VEGF and iNOS were significantly decreased, with a great drop in endogenous NO(2) (-). Furthermore, supernatant from ACC-2/IkBaM and ACC-M/IkBaM cells resulted in much lower endothelial cell mobility than that from ACC-2 and ACC-M cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that NF-kappaB promotes iNOS and VEGF expression in salivary gland ACC cells and enhances endothelial cell motility in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Baum A, Pohl M, Kreusch S, Cumme GA, Ditze G, Misselwitz J, Kiehntopf M, Udby L, Meier-Hellmann A, Rhode H. Searching biomarker candidates in serum using multidimensional native chromatography. II Method evaluation with Alport syndrome and severe inflammation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 876:31-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hiroki T, Liebhaber SA, Cooke NE. An intronic locus control region plays an essential role in the establishment of an autonomous hepatic chromatin domain for the human vitamin D-binding protein gene. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:7365-80. [PMID: 17785430 PMCID: PMC2169047 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00331-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Revised: 04/01/2007] [Accepted: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human vitamin D-binding protein (hDBP) gene exists in a cluster of four liver-expressed genes. A minimal hDBP transgene, containing a defined set of liver-specific DNase I hypersensitive sites (HSs), is robustly expressed in mouse liver in a copy-number-dependent manner. Here we evaluate these HSs for function. Deletion of HSI, located 5' to the promoter (kb -2.1) had no significant effect on hDBP expression. In contrast, deletion of HSIV and HSV from intron 1 repressed hDBP expression and eliminated copy number dependency without a loss of liver specificity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed peaks of histone H3 and H4 acetylation coincident with HSIV in the intact hDBP locus. This region contains a conserved array of binding sites for the liver-enriched transcription factor C/EBP. In vitro studies revealed selective binding of C/EBPalpha to HSIV. In vivo occupancy of C/EBPalpha at HSIV was demonstrated in hepatic chromatin, and depletion of C/EBPalpha in a hepatic cell line decreased hDBP expression. A nonredundant role for C/EBPalpha was confirmed in vivo by demonstrating a reduction of hDBP expression in C/EBPalpha-null mice. Parallel studies revealed in vivo occupancy of the liver-enriched factor HNF1alpha at HSIII (at kb 0.13) within the hDBP promoter. These data demonstrate a critical role for elements within intron 1 in the establishment of an autonomous and productive hDBP chromatin locus and suggest that this function is dependent upon C/EBPalpha. Cooperative interactions between these intronic complexes and liver-restricted complexes within the target promoter are likely to underlie the consistency and liver specificity of the hDBP activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Hiroki
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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In vitro angiogenesis and expression of nuclear factor kappaB and VEGF in high and low metastasis cell lines of salivary gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2007; 7:95. [PMID: 17543095 PMCID: PMC1903362 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-7-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Accepted: 06/01/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a high malignant carcinoma characterized by intensive local invasion and high incidence of distant metastasis. Although many reports have demonstrated that angiogenesis has played an important role in tumor metastasis, the relationship between metastasis characters and angiogenesis ability in high and low metastasis cell lines of Adenoid cystic carcinoma has rarely been reported. The present study aimed to compare the angiogenesis ability of ACC-M (high metastasis) and ACC-2 (low metastasis) cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, the activity of nuclear factor kappaappa B and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ACC-2 and ACC-M were also detected. METHODS Electrophoretic mobility shift assay was used to detect nuclear factor kappaappa B activity. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to quantify the mRNA level of VEGF. Immuofluorescence double staining and semi-quantitative confocal laser scanning analysis was carried out to detect nuclear factor kappaappa B nuclear localization and staining intensity of VEGF. The angiogenesis ability of ACC-M and ACC-2 was compared by an in vitro three-dimensional angiogenic model assay. The vector transfection assay was performed to transfect the PCMV-IkappaBalphaM vector into ACCs cell lines expressing the phosphorylation defective IkappaBalphaM. RESULTS Nuclear factor kappaappa B activity and the rate of nuclear factor kappaappa B nuclear localization in ACC-M was significantly higher than that in ACC-2. Moreover, ACC-M exhibited higher mRNA and protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor than ACC-2. VEGF mRNA expression was effectively decreased by inhibition of nuclear factor kappaappa B activity. Furthermore, ACC-M could remarkably stimulate the migration and tube formation of endothelial cells and induce The umbilical vein endothelial cells sprouting into the gel matrix. CONCLUSION These results implicated that ACCs cells with higher metastasis feature might present greater angiogenesis ability.
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