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Bernard C, Font H, Diallo Z, Ahonon R, Tine JM, Abouo FN, Tanon A, Messou E, Seydi M, Dabis F, Dartigues JF, de Rekeneire N. Factors associated with verbal fluency in older adults living with HIV in West Africa: A longitudinal study. Trop Med Int Health 2023; 28:35-42. [PMID: 36398852 PMCID: PMC9812871 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Verbal fluency decline, observed both in aging and HIV infection, has been related to lower quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with categorical fluency in people living with HIV (PLHIV) aged ≥60 years living in West Africa. METHODS In this longitudinal study, PLHIV aged ≥60 years, on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for ≥6 months were included in three clinics (two in Côte d'Ivoire, one in Senegal) participating in the West Africa International epidemiological Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) collaboration. Categorical fluency was evaluated with the Isaacs Set Test at 60 s at baseline and 2 years later. Factors associated with verbal fluency baseline performance and annual rates of changes were evaluated using multivariate linear regression models. RESULTS Ninety-seven PLHIV were included with 41 of them (42%) having a 2-year follow-up visit. The median age was 64 (62-67), 45.4% were female, and 89.7% had an undetectable viral load. The median annual change in categorical fluency scores was -0.9 (IQR: -2.7 to 1.8). Low baseline categorical fluency performance and its decline were associated with older age and being a female. Low educational level was associated with low baseline categorical fluency performance but not with its decline. Categorical fluency decline was also associated with marital status and hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Among older West African PLHIV, usual socio-demographic variables and hypertension were the main factors associated with low categorical fluency performance and/or its decline. Interventions that focus on supporting cardiometabolic health are highly recommended to prevent cognitive disorders in PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Bernard
- University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hélène Font
- University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Zélica Diallo
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CHU Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Richard Ahonon
- Centre de prise en charge de recherche et de formation (CePReF), Yopougon Attié Hospital, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | | | - Aristophane Tanon
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CHU Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Eugène Messou
- Centre de prise en charge de recherche et de formation (CePReF), Yopougon Attié Hospital, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Moussa Seydi
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CHNU de Fann, Dakar, Senegal
| | - François Dabis
- University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-François Dartigues
- University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Centre, Bordeaux, France
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Meyer AC, Njamnshi AK, Gisslen M, Price RW. Neuroimmunology of CNS HIV Infection: A Narrative Review. Front Neurol 2022; 13:843801. [PMID: 35775044 PMCID: PMC9237409 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.843801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This short review provides an overview of the interactions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV), immune and inflammatory reactions, and CNS injury over the course of infection. Systemic infection is the overall driver of disease and serves as the “platform” for eventual CNS injury, setting the level of immune dysfunction and providing both the HIV seeding and immune-inflammatory responses to the CNS. These systemic processes determine the timing of and vulnerability to HIV-related neuronal injury which occurs in a separate “compartment” with features that parallel their systemic counterparts but also evolve independently. Direct CNS HIV infection, along with opportunistic infections, can have profound neurological consequences for the infected individual. HIV-related CNS morbidities are of worldwide importance but are enhanced by the particular epidemiological, socioeconomic and environmental factors that heighten the impact of HIV infection in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Claire Meyer
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alfred Kongnyu Njamnshi
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaoundé I, Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Magnus Gisslen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Richard W. Price
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Richard W. Price
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