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Hackworth NJ, Matthews J, Westrupp EM, Nguyen C, Phan T, Scicluna A, Cann W, Bethelsen D, Bennetts SK, Nicholson JM. What Influences Parental Engagement in Early Intervention? Parent, Program and Community Predictors of Enrolment, Retention and Involvement. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2019; 19:880-893. [PMID: 29629506 PMCID: PMC6182377 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-018-0897-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Poor participant engagement undermines individual and public health benefits of early intervention programs. This study assessed the extent to which three types of engagement (participant enrolment, retention and involvement) were influenced by individual, program and contextual factors. Data were from a cluster randomised controlled trial (N = 1447) of a community-based parenting program, delivered at two levels of intensity (group sessions with and without individualised home coaching) conducted in Victoria, Australia. Individual (parent and family) factors and program factors were assessed by parent report and administrative records, and contextual factors by area-level population statistics. Data were analysed using multilevel logistic or linear regression models. Individual and contextual factors predicted enrolment, while family and program factors were more influential on program retention and parents’ active involvement. Provision of individualised support was important to all forms of engagement, particularly for families experiencing the greatest barriers to participation. These findings indicate that different strategies are required to effectively support families in the processes of enrolling, continuing to attend and actively participating in early intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi J Hackworth
- Parenting Research Centre, Level 5, 232 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, VIC, 3003, Australia. .,Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jan Matthews
- Parenting Research Centre, Level 5, 232 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, VIC, 3003, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Westrupp
- Parenting Research Centre, Level 5, 232 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, VIC, 3003, Australia.,Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cattram Nguyen
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tracey Phan
- Parenting Research Centre, Level 5, 232 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, VIC, 3003, Australia
| | - Amanda Scicluna
- Parenting Research Centre, Level 5, 232 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, VIC, 3003, Australia
| | - Warren Cann
- Parenting Research Centre, Level 5, 232 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, VIC, 3003, Australia
| | - Donna Bethelsen
- School of Early Childhood, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shannon K Bennetts
- Parenting Research Centre, Level 5, 232 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, VIC, 3003, Australia.,Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jan M Nicholson
- Parenting Research Centre, Level 5, 232 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, VIC, 3003, Australia.,Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,School of Early Childhood, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Brown LD, Adeboye AA, Yusuf RA, Chaudhary P. Engaging vulnerable populations in parent-led support groups: Testing a recruitment strategy. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2018; 69:18-24. [PMID: 29656058 PMCID: PMC5997542 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the proven benefits of parenting interventions, parent engagement in such interventions remains low and is particularly challenging among vulnerable populations. This theoretically grounded study tested the effectiveness of a recruitment strategy - a simulated parent-led support group (PSG) - to increase intentions to attend a PSG in a predominantly low income, minority sample. The study also examined sociodemographic characteristics that may influence the effectiveness of the recruitment strategy and engagement in PSGs. Surveys assessing intentions to attend a PSG were administered before and after the simulation, and a 2-month follow-up survey assessed subsequent PSG attendance. A total of 95 participants were included in this study. Results indicate that participants' intentions to attend a PSG significantly increased following the PSG simulation (Cohen's d = 1.15), especially among Hispanics. However, PSG attendance in the 2 months following the PSG simulation was relatively low, with only 13% of parents attending a PSG or a planning meeting to start a new PSG. Nevertheless, this recruitment strategy may serve as an important component of a larger engagement effort, especially given the substantial challenges of engaging vulnerable populations in PSGs and other parenting interventions to reduce educational and health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis D Brown
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, 1851 Wiggins Way, HSN 486, El Paso, TX, 79968, United States.
| | - Adeniyi A Adeboye
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, United States.
| | - Rafeek A Yusuf
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, United States.
| | - Pooja Chaudhary
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, United States.
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Harold GT, Sellers R. Annual Research Review: Interparental conflict and youth psychopathology: an evidence review and practice focused update. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:374-402. [PMID: 29574737 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The quality of the interparental relationship is recognized as an important influence on child and adolescent psychopathology. Historically, clinically oriented research on this topic has focused on the impacts of parental divorce and domestic violence as primary interparental relationship influences on child outcomes, to the relative neglect of dimensional or qualitative features of the couple/interparental relationship for youth (child and adolescent) psychopathology. Recent research has highlighted that children are affected by attributes of interparental conflict, specifically how parents express and manage conflicts in their relationship, across a continuum of expressed severity and negativity - ranging from silence to violence. Furthermore, new evidence highlights that children's emotional, behavioral, social, academic outcomes, and future interpersonal relationships are adversely affected by conflict between parents/carers whether adults are living together or not (i.e. married or separated), or where children are or are not genetically related to their rearing parents (e.g. adoption). We review evidence and present an integrated theoretical model, highlighting how children are affected by interparental conflict and what this evidence base means for effective intervention and prevention program development, as well as the development of possible cost-benefit models. Additionally, we review policy implications of this research and highlight some very recent examples of UK-based policy focusing on addressing the interparental relationship and its impact on youth psychopathology.
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Hackworth NJ, Berthelsen D, Matthews J, Westrupp EM, Cann W, Ukoumunne OC, Bennetts SK, Phan T, Scicluna A, Trajanovska M, Yu M, Nicholson JM. Impact of a Brief Group Intervention to Enhance Parenting and the Home Learning Environment for Children Aged 6-36 Months: a Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2017; 18:337-349. [PMID: 28108927 PMCID: PMC5352786 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-017-0753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a group parenting intervention designed to strengthen the home learning environment of children from disadvantaged families. Two cluster randomised controlled superiority trials were conducted in parallel and delivered within existing services: a 6-week parenting group (51 locations randomised; 986 parents) for parents of infants (aged 6–12 months), and a 10-week facilitated playgroup (58 locations randomised; 1200 parents) for parents of toddlers (aged 12–36 months). Each trial had three conditions: intervention (smalltalk group-only); enhanced intervention with home coaching (smalltalk plus); and ‘standard’/usual practice controls. Parent-report and observational measures were collected at baseline, 12 and 32 weeks follow-up. Primary outcomes were parent verbal responsivity and home learning activities at 32 weeks. In the infant trial, there were no differences by trial arm for the primary outcomes at 32 weeks. In the toddler trial at 32-weeks, participants in the smalltalk group-only trial showed improvement compared to the standard program for parent verbal responsivity (effect size (ES) = 0.16; 95% CI 0.01, 0.36) and home learning activities (ES = 0.17; 95% CI 0.01, 0.38) but smalltalk plus did not. For the secondary outcomes in the infant trial, several initial differences favouring smalltalk plus were evident at 12 weeks, but not maintained to 32 weeks. For the toddler trial, differences in secondary outcomes favouring smalltalk plus were evident at 12 weeks and maintained to 32 weeks. These trials provide some evidence of the benefits of a parenting intervention focused on the home learning environment for parents of toddlers but not infants. Trial Registration: 8 September 2011; ACTRN12611000965909.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. J. Hackworth
- Parenting Research Centre, Level 5, 232 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, 3002 Victoria Australia
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Level 3, 215 Franklin St., Melbourne, 3000 Victoria Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, 3052 Victoria Australia
| | - D. Berthelsen
- School of Early Childhood, Queensland University of Technology, Level 4, B Block, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, 4059 Queensland Australia
| | - J. Matthews
- Parenting Research Centre, Level 5, 232 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, 3002 Victoria Australia
| | - E. M. Westrupp
- Parenting Research Centre, Level 5, 232 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, 3002 Victoria Australia
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Level 3, 215 Franklin St., Melbourne, 3000 Victoria Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, 3052 Victoria Australia
| | - W. Cann
- Parenting Research Centre, Level 5, 232 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, 3002 Victoria Australia
| | - O. C. Ukoumunne
- National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care, South West Peninsula (PenCLAHRC), University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - S. K. Bennetts
- Parenting Research Centre, Level 5, 232 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, 3002 Victoria Australia
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Level 3, 215 Franklin St., Melbourne, 3000 Victoria Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, 3052 Victoria Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052 Victoria Australia
| | - T. Phan
- Parenting Research Centre, Level 5, 232 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, 3002 Victoria Australia
| | - A. Scicluna
- Parenting Research Centre, Level 5, 232 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, 3002 Victoria Australia
| | - M. Trajanovska
- Parenting Research Centre, Level 5, 232 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, 3002 Victoria Australia
| | - M. Yu
- Parenting Research Centre, Level 5, 232 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, 3002 Victoria Australia
- Australian Institute of Family Studies, 485 La Trobe St., Melbourne, 3000 Victoria Australia
| | - J. M. Nicholson
- Parenting Research Centre, Level 5, 232 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, 3002 Victoria Australia
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Level 3, 215 Franklin St., Melbourne, 3000 Victoria Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, 3052 Victoria Australia
- School of Early Childhood, Queensland University of Technology, Level 4, B Block, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, 4059 Queensland Australia
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Mkwanazi NB, Rochat TJ, Bland RM. The Amagugu intervention: a qualitative investigation into maternal experiences and perspectives of a maternal HIV disclosure support intervention in rural South Africa. Health Policy Plan 2017; 32:1231-1240. [PMID: 28981662 PMCID: PMC5886258 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czx056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization recommends disclosure of parental HIV to children aged 6-12 years. The maternal HIV-disclosure intervention (Amagugu), a lay counsellor-led, home-based intervention with six sessions, was implemented. The intervention included provision of disclosure tools, training and support for mothers, a family session and health promotion clinic visit for mothers and children. Amagugu demonstrated success as a maternal disclosure support programme but less is known about the experiences of participants. A sub-sample of HIV-infected mothers (n = 20) with primary school-aged HIV-uninfected children, from Amagugu, was purposely selected. Using semi-structured interviews and interview-guide, we explored maternal perceptions of disclosure prior to participation and experiences of participating in Amagugu. Audio-recorded interviews conducted in participants' homes, in isiZulu, were transcribed, and content analysis was undertaken. The most common reasons for prior non-disclosure were concerns about children's developmental capacity to understand HIV, fear of HIV-related stigma towards mothers and their families, and lack of skills to undertake disclosure. Intervention materials, rapport with counsellors, and flexibility of the proposed disclosure process motivated mothers to participate. While expressing satisfaction with the intervention, some mothers remained concerned about their children's understanding of HIV and ability to maintain confidentiality. Mothers also requested support in discussing sex-related topics with their children. Despite prior high rates of disclosure to other adults, mothers had little awareness about the importance of disclosure to children and lacked skills to undertake this. The intervention approach, rapport with counsellors, and practicality of the materials, helped overcome child disclosure barriers. Mothers reported their children as very supportive following disclosure and stated they would advise other women to disclose to children for practical support around HIV treatment adherence. This qualitative evaluation suggests that mothers with primary school-aged children may require structured support when disclosing to children, which could be achieved through supportive home-based counselling and user-friendly materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntombizodumo B. Mkwanazi
- Africa Health Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tamsen J. Rochat
- Africa Health Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Human and Social Development Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa
- MRC/Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth M. Bland
- Africa Health Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing and Royal Hospital for Sick Children, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Barton AW, Beach SRH, Hurt TR, Fincham FD, Stanley SM, Kogan SM, Brody GH. Determinants and Long-Term Effects of Attendance Levels in a Marital Enrichment Program for African American Couples. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2016; 42:272-287. [PMID: 25919769 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although most efficacious marital enrichment programs are multisession, few studies have explored whether outcomes differ according to session attendance, particularly among minority groups with lower than average participation in prevention programs. This study therefore investigates attendance levels and long-term improvements in couple functioning among 164 couples participating in the Promoting Strong African American Families program. Structural equation models indicated session attendance predicted 2-year changes for men's reports of communication, commitment, and spousal support (marginally) but not for women's. Individual and couple characteristics that predicted attendance levels were also identified. Results highlight distinct gender differences in the effects of sustained attendance as well as characteristics that provide early identifiers for African American couples at increased risk of low program attendance.
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Gonzalez M, Jones D, Parent J. Coparenting experiences in African American families: an examination of single mothers and their nonmarital coparents. FAMILY PROCESS 2014; 53:33-54. [PMID: 24479612 PMCID: PMC4298456 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
African American youth from single-mother homes continue to be overrepresented in statistics on risk behavior and delinquency, a trend that many be attributed to father-absence, socioeconomic disadvantage, and compromises in parenting more typical of single than two-parent families. Yet, this risk-focused perspective ignores a long-standing strength of the African American community, the involvement and potential protective impact of extended family members in childrearing. This study describes the experiences of 95 African American single mothers and their nonmarital coparents who participated in a study of African American single-mother families with an 11-16-year-old child. Specifically, the study examines: (a) the extent to which nonmarital coparents are involved in childrearing; (b) the relative levels of risk (i.e., depression, mother-coparent conflict) and protective (i.e., parenting) associated with maternal and coparent involvement; and (c) how similarly and/or differently coparent and mother variables operate with regard to youth externalizing problems. Findings reveal that a range of family members and other adults actively participate in childrearing in African American single-mother families, coparents do not differ from mothers on certain study variables (i.e., depression and mother-coparent conflict) but do for others (parenting), and coparent involvement is associated with youth adjustment in ways that are similar to our more established understanding of maternal involvement. The potential clinical implications of the findings are discussed and future research directions are highlighted.
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Smith Stover C, Kahn M. Family of origin influences on the parenting of men with co‐occurring substance abuse and intimate partner violence. ADVANCES IN DUAL DIAGNOSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1108/add-03-2013-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bornstein MH, Putnick DL, Suwalsky JTD. A longitudinal process analysis of mother-child emotional relationships in a rural Appalachian European American community. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 50:89-100. [PMID: 22080397 PMCID: PMC3424281 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-011-9479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This prospective longitudinal study examines emotional relationships in 58 Appalachian mother-child dyads observed at home at 5 and 20 months. Between infancy and toddlerhood, 3 of 4 dimensions of dyadic emotional relationships were stable, and three remained continuous in their mean level. Increasing maternal age was associated with greater maternal sensitivity and structuring and with more responsive and involving children. Marital status and father presence in the home as well as maternal openness, parenting knowledge, investment, and satisfaction accounted for effects of maternal age on dyadic emotional relationships. This longitudinal process analysis provides unique insights into temporal dynamics of mother-child emotional relationships and their determinants in an underserved and underresearched US community. Implications for community-specific interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc H Bornstein
- Child and Family Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, Rockledge 1, Suite 8030, 6705 Rockledge Drive, MSC 7971, Bethesda, MD 20892-7971. USA,
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