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Ebmeyer S, Kristiansson E, Larsson DGJ. The mobile FOX AmpC beta-lactamases originated in Aeromonas allosaccharophila. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 54:798-802. [PMID: 31600552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is important to understand the origins of antibiotic resistance genes so that risks associated with the emergence of novel resistance genes can be assessed and managed. The chromosomal ampC gene (CAV-1) of Aeromonas caviae (A. caviae) has been reported as the origin of mobile FOX cephalosporinases. The recent identification of A. caviae as the origin of MOX-2 cephalosporinases and the comparably great sequence divergence between FOX and MOX genes makes it unlikely that both genes arose from the same species. Therefore, this study investigated the origin of FOX cephalosporinases using large-scale genomics. METHODS Publicly available genomes and plasmids were searched for FOX-like genes. Synteny and nucleotide identities of the identified FOX-like genes and their genetic environments were compared and a phylogenetic tree was generated. RESULTS FOX-like genes were identified in > 230 Aeromonas genomes and in 46 Enterobacteriaceae isolates. Analysis of the genomic context of CAV-1 revealed a truncated insertion sequence directly upstream of the ampC gene. The chromosomal ampCs of A. caviae (n = 31) were 75-78% identical to CAV-1. In contrast, CAV-1, mobile FOX genes and their context were 95-98% similar to the chromosomal ampC-locus of Aeromonas allosaccharophila (A. allosaccharophila) (n = 6). The A. allosaccharophila ampCs formed a monophyletic branch with mobile FOX genes, whereas the A. caviae ampCs clustered with mobile MOX genes. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that FOX cephalosporinases originate not in A. caviae, as previously reported, but in A. allosaccharophila, which is a fish pathogen. This finding agrees with the hypothesis that antibiotic use in aquaculture could have contributed to the emergence of FOX genes in human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Ebmeyer
- Center for Antibiotic Resistance Research, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-41346 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Erik Kristiansson
- Center for Antibiotic Resistance Research, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden; Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and the University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - D G Joakim Larsson
- Center for Antibiotic Resistance Research, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-41346 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Jung-Schroers V, Jung A, Ryll M, Bauer J, Teitge F, Steinhagen D. Diagnostic methods for identifying different Aeromonas species and examining their pathogenicity factors, their correlation to cytotoxicity and adherence to fish mucus. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:189-219. [PMID: 30521094 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas spp. are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, acting as facultative or obligate pathogens for fish. Identifying Aeromonas spp. is important for pathogenesis and prognosis in diagnostic cases but can be difficult because of their close relationship. Forty-four already characterized isolates of Aeromonas spp. were analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, by gyrase B sequencing, by analysing their fatty acid profiles, by biochemical reactions and by MALDI-TOF MS. To determine their pathogenicity, cytotoxicity, adhesion to mucus and the expression of 12 virulence factors were tested. The susceptibility of the isolates towards 13 different antibiotics was determined. MALDI-TOF MS was found to be an acceptable identification method for Aeromonas spp. Although the method does not detect all species correctly, it is time-effective and entails relatively low costs and no other methods achieved better results. A high prevalence of virulence-related gene fragments was detected in almost all examined Aeromonas spp., especially in A. hydrophila and A. salmonicida, and most isolates exhibited a cytotoxic effect. Single isolates of A. hydrophila and A. salmonicida showed multiple resistance to antibiotics. These results might indicate the potentially pathogenic capacity of Aeromonas spp., suggesting a risk for aquatic animals and even humans, given their ubiquitous nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Jung-Schroers
- Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arne Jung
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Ryll
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Bauer
- Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Teitge
- Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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Navarro A, Martínez-Murcia A. Phylogenetic analyses of the genusAeromonasbased on housekeeping gene sequencing and its influence on systematics. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:622-631. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Navarro
- Genetic Analysis Strategies S.L.; CEEI; Elche, Alicante Spain
| | - A. Martínez-Murcia
- Genetic Analysis Strategies S.L.; CEEI; Elche, Alicante Spain
- Area de Microbiología; EPSO; Universidad Miguel Hernández; Orihuela, Alicante Spain
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Igbinosa IH, Igbinosa EO, Okoh AI. Antibiogram characterization and putative virulence genes in Aeromonas species isolated from pig fecal samples. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:12199-205. [PMID: 26971520 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas species are broadly distributed in nature and agricultural environments and have been isolated from feces, bedding, and drinking water of healthy pigs. We assessed the incidence, virulence properties, and antimicrobial resistance profile of Aeromonas spp., isolated from pig feces. Antibiogram was done using the disc diffusion methods, and polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of putative virulence genes. Identification of isolates revealed three phenotypic species with percentage distribution as follows: Aeromonas hydrophila 23 (45.1 %), Aeromonas caviae 16 (31.4 %), and Aeromonas sobria 12 (23.5 %). All Aeromonas isolates in the study were absolutely susceptible to cefotaxime and resistant to penicillin. A. cavaie and A. sobria demonstrated absolute susceptibility against ciprofloxacin and streptomycin. Aeromonas species showed varied susceptibility to cephalothin as follows: A. hydrophila 78.3 %, A. cavaie 93.7 %, and A. sobria 91.7 %. The percentage distribution of virulence genes among Aeromonas isolates were as follows: Aerolysin (aer) 74.5 %, flagellin gene (fla) 68.6 %, cytotoxin (hly A) 43.1 %, lipase (lip) 39.2 %, enterotoxic activities (ast) 31.3 %, and cytotonic gene (alt) 13.7 %. Reports from this study shows that Aeromonas species isolated from pig fecal samples are multi-drug resistant and possess virulence potential which may result to possible risk of human or animal infection and likely contamination of food and water from this sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isoken H Igbinosa
- SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Science University of Benin, Private Mail Bag 1154, Benin City, 300283, Nigeria.
| | - Etinosa O Igbinosa
- SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of life Sciences, University of Benin, Private Mail Bag 1154, Benin City, 300283, Nigeria
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
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5
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Rather M, Willayat M, Wani S, Munshi Z, Hussain S. A multiplex PCR for detection of enterotoxin genes in Aeromonas
species isolated from foods of animal origin and human diarrhoeal samples. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:1721-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Rather
- Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology; Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry; Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir; Srinagar India
| | - M.M. Willayat
- Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology; Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry; Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir; Srinagar India
| | - S.A. Wani
- Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology; Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry; Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir; Srinagar India
| | - Z.H. Munshi
- Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology; Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry; Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir; Srinagar India
| | - S.A. Hussain
- Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology; Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry; Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir; Srinagar India
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Dias C, Serra CR, Simões LC, Simões M, Martinez-Murcia A, Saavedra MJ. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Aeromonas species in wild animals from Portugal. Vet Rec 2014; 174:532. [PMID: 24728490 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Dias
- Veterinary and Animal Science Research Centre, Carla Dias, Centre for the Research and Technology for Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real 5000-801, Portugal
| | - C R Serra
- Veterinary and Animal Science Research Centre, Carla Dias, Centre for the Research and Technology for Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real 5000-801, Portugal
| | - L C Simões
- IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal LEPAE - Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
| | - M Simões
- LEPAE - Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
| | - A Martinez-Murcia
- Area de Microbiología, EPSO, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Orihuela E-03300, Alicante, Spain
| | - M J Saavedra
- Veterinary and Animal Science Research Centre, Carla Dias, Centre for the Research and Technology for Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real 5000-801, Portugal Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real 5000-801, Portugal
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Martínez-Murcia A, Beaz-Hidalgo R, Svec P, Saavedra MJ, Figueras MJ, Sedlacek I. Aeromonas cavernicola sp. nov., isolated from fresh water of a brook in a cavern. Curr Microbiol 2012; 66:197-204. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-012-0253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Benagli C, Demarta A, Caminada A, Ziegler D, Petrini O, Tonolla M. A rapid MALDI-TOF MS identification database at genospecies level for clinical and environmental Aeromonas strains. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48441. [PMID: 23119019 PMCID: PMC3485216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Aeromonas has undergone a number of taxonomic and nomenclature revisions over the past 20 years, and new (sub)species and biogroups are continuously described. Standard identification methods such as biochemical characterization have deficiencies and do not allow clarification of the taxonomic position. This report describes the development of a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) identification database for a rapid identification of clinical and environmental Aeromonas isolates.
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Roger F, Lamy B, Jumas-Bilak E, Kodjo A, Marchandin H. Ribosomal multi-operon diversity: an original perspective on the genus Aeromonas. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46268. [PMID: 23032081 PMCID: PMC3459834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
16S rRNA gene (rrs) is considered of low taxonomic interest in the genus Aeromonas. Here, 195 Aeromonas strains belonging to populations structured by multilocus phylogeny were studied using an original approach that considered Ribosomal Multi-Operon Diversity. This approach associated pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to assess rrn operon number and distribution across the chromosome and PCR-temporal temperature gel electrophoresis (TTGE) to assess rrs V3 region heterogeneity. Aeromonads harbored 8 to 11 rrn operons, 10 operons being observed in more than 92% of the strains. Intraspecific variability was low or nul except for A. salmonicida and A. aquariorum suggesting that large chromosomic rearrangements might occur in these two species while being extremely rarely encountered in the evolution of other taxa. rrn operon number at 8 as well as PFGE patterns were shown valuable for taxonomic purpose allowing resolution of species complexes. PCR-TTGE revealed a high rate of strains (41.5%) displaying intragenomic rrs heterogeneity. Strains isolated from human samples more frequently displayed intragenomic heterogeneity than strains recovered from non-human and environmental specimens. Intraspecific variability ranged from 0 to 76.5% of the strains. The observation of species-specific TTGE bands, the recovery of identical V3 regions in different species and the variability of intragenomic heterogeneity (1-13 divergent nucleotides) supported the occurrence of mutations and horizontal transfer in aeromonad rrs evolution. Altogether, the presence of a high number of rrn operon, the high proportion of strains harboring divergent rrs V3 region and the previously demonstrated high level of genetic diversity argued in favor of highly adaptative capabilities of aeromonads. Outstanding features observed for A. caviae supported the ongoing process of adaptation to a specialized niche represented by the gut, previously hypothesized. 16S rRNA gene is an informative marker in the genus Aeromonas for both evolutionary and polyphasic taxonomic studies provided that multi-operon fingerprinting approaches are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Roger
- UMR 5119 ECOSYM, Equipe Pathogènes et Environnements, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - Brigitte Lamy
- UMR 5119 ECOSYM, Equipe Pathogènes et Environnements, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Groupe d’Etude Français des Aeromonas (GFA), Lyon, France
| | - Estelle Jumas-Bilak
- UMR 5119 ECOSYM, Equipe Pathogènes et Environnements, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire d’Hygiène hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Angeli Kodjo
- Groupe d’Etude Français des Aeromonas (GFA), Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR 5557 Ecologie microbienne, VetAgro Sup Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Marcy-l’Étoile, France
| | | | - Hélène Marchandin
- UMR 5119 ECOSYM, Equipe Pathogènes et Environnements, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
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Fontes M, Martins C, Martínez-Murcia A, Saavedra M. Phylogenetic Diversity ofAeromonasfrom “Alheira,” a Traditional Portuguese Meat Product. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012; 9:713-8. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M.C. Fontes
- Center of Studies in Animal and Veterinary Science (CECAV), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - C. Martins
- Center of Studies in Animal and Veterinary Science (CECAV), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - A.J. Martínez-Murcia
- Departament of Plant Production and Microbiology, University of Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - M.J. Saavedra
- Center of Studies in Animal and Veterinary Science (CECAV), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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Roger F, Marchandin H, Jumas-Bilak E, Kodjo A, Lamy B. Multilocus genetics to reconstruct aeromonad evolution. BMC Microbiol 2012; 12:62. [PMID: 22545815 PMCID: PMC3487998 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aeromonas spp. are versatile bacteria that exhibit a wide variety of lifestyles. In an attempt to improve the understanding of human aeromonosis, we investigated whether clinical isolates displayed specific characteristics in terms of genetic diversity, population structure and mode of evolution among Aeromonas spp. A collection of 195 Aeromonas isolates from human, animal and environmental sources was therefore genotyped using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) based on the dnaK, gltA, gyrB, radA, rpoB, tsf and zipA genes. RESULTS The MLSA showed a high level of genetic diversity among the population, and multilocus-based phylogenetic analysis (MLPA) revealed 3 major clades: the A. veronii, A. hydrophila and A. caviae clades, among the eleven clades detected. Lower genetic diversity was observed within the A. caviae clade as well as among clinical isolates compared to environmental isolates. Clonal complexes, each of which included a limited number of strains, mainly corresponded to host-associated subsclusters of strains, i.e., a fish-associated subset within A. salmonicida and 11 human-associated subsets, 9 of which included only disease-associated strains. The population structure was shown to be clonal, with modes of evolution that involved mutations in general and recombination events locally. Recombination was detected in 5 genes in the MLSA scheme and concerned approximately 50% of the STs. Therefore, these recombination events could explain the observed phylogenetic incongruities and low robustness. However, the MLPA globally confirmed the current systematics of the genus Aeromonas. CONCLUSIONS Evolution in the genus Aeromonas has resulted in exceptionally high genetic diversity. Emerging from this diversity, subsets of strains appeared to be host adapted and/or "disease specialized" while the A. caviae clade displayed an atypical tempo of evolution among aeromonads. Considering that A. salmonicida has been described as a genetically uniform pathogen that has adapted to fish through evolution from a variable ancestral population, we hypothesize that the population structure of aeromonads described herein suggested an ongoing process of adaptation to specialized niches associated with different degrees of advancement according to clades and clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Roger
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, Université Montpellier, France
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Martinez-Murcia AJ, Monera A, Saavedra MJ, Oncina R, Lopez-Alvarez M, Lara E, Figueras MJ. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis of the genus Aeromonas. Syst Appl Microbiol 2011; 34:189-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Phylogenetic identification of Aeromonas from pigs slaughtered for consumption in slaughterhouses at the North of Portugal. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 146:118-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Complex evolutionary history of the Aeromonas veronii group revealed by host interaction and DNA sequence data. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16751. [PMID: 21359176 PMCID: PMC3040217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria, Aeromonas veronii biovar veronii, and Aeromonas allosaccharophila are a closely related group of organisms, the Aeromonas veronii Group, that inhabit a wide range of host animals as a symbiont or pathogen. In this study, the ability of various strains to colonize the medicinal leech as a model for beneficial symbiosis and to kill wax worm larvae as a model for virulence was determined. Isolates cultured from the leech out-competed other strains in the leech model, while most strains were virulent in the wax worms. Three housekeeping genes, recA, dnaJ and gyrB, the gene encoding chitinase, chiA, and four loci associated with the type three secretion system, ascV, ascFG, aexT, and aexU were sequenced. The phylogenetic reconstruction failed to produce one consensus tree that was compatible with most of the individual genes. The Approximately Unbiased test and the Genetic Algorithm for Recombination Detection both provided further support for differing evolutionary histories among this group of genes. Two contrasting tests detected recombination within aexU, ascFG, ascV, dnaJ, and gyrB but not in aexT or chiA. Quartet decomposition analysis indicated a complex recent evolutionary history for these strains with a high frequency of horizontal gene transfer between several but not among all strains. In this study we demonstrate that at least for some strains, horizontal gene transfer occurs at a sufficient frequency to blur the signal from vertically inherited genes, despite strains being adapted to distinct niches. Simply increasing the number of genes included in the analysis is unlikely to overcome this challenge in organisms that occupy multiple niches and can exchange DNA between strains specialized to different niches. Instead, the detection of genes critical in the adaptation to specific niches may help to reveal the physiological specialization of these strains.
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Abstract
Over the past decade, the genus Aeromonas has undergone a number of significant changes of practical importance to clinical microbiologists and scientists alike. In parallel with the molecular revolution in microbiology, several new species have been identified on a phylogenetic basis, and the genome of the type species, A. hydrophila ATCC 7966, has been sequenced. In addition to established disease associations, Aeromonas has been shown to be a significant cause of infections associated with natural disasters (hurricanes, tsunamis, and earthquakes) and has been linked to emerging or new illnesses, including near-drowning events, prostatitis, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Despite these achievements, issues still remain regarding the role that Aeromonas plays in bacterial gastroenteritis, the extent to which species identification should be attempted in the clinical laboratory, and laboratory reporting of test results from contaminated body sites containing aeromonads. This article provides an extensive review of these topics, in addition to others, such as taxonomic issues, microbial pathogenicity, and antimicrobial resistance markers.
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Lamy B, Laurent F, Kodjo A. Validation of a partialrpoBgene sequence as a tool for phylogenetic identification of aeromonads isolated from environmental sources. Can J Microbiol 2010; 56:217-28. [DOI: 10.1139/w10-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A collection of 50 aeromonads isolated from environmental sources were studied, together with all known Aeromonas nomenspecies, by phenotypic, amplified 16S rDNA restriction analysis (16S rDNA RFLP) and by partial sequence alignment of both 16S rDNA and rpoB genes. Although most of the type strain showed a unique phenotypic pattern, a database constructed on type strain phenotype allowed the identification of only 24% of the isolates. Analysis of 16S rDNA RFLP and the rpoB sequence were almost concordant in identifying environmental isolates at the species level, except for strains belonging to Aeromonas caviae spp., which were not differentiated from Aeromonas aquariorum , nor Aeromonas hydrophila susbsp. dhakensis by 16S rDNA RFLP. In addition, rpoB gene analysis clustered separately a group of isolates found in snails within the A. hydrophila species. In contrast to 16S rDNA RFLP and rpoB, the partial 16S rDNA sequence analysis was weak in resolving species identity. Part of these results, phenotypic and phylogenetic data, showed that Aeromonas molluscorum and Aeromonas sharmana are distant from all other Aeromonas species and that the type species of A. hydrophila subsp. anaerogenes is similar to A. caviae and should be considered synonymous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Lamy
- Laboratoire de biologie, Centre Hospitalier du Bassin de Thau, 34207 Sète CEDEX, France
- Laboratoire de bactériologie de l’Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 93, Grande-rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon CEDEX 4, France
- UMR 5557, Écologie microbienne, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, École nationale vétérinaire de Lyon, 69280 Marcy-l’Étoile, France
- Groupe Français d’étude sur les Aeromonas (GFA)
| | - Fréderic Laurent
- Laboratoire de biologie, Centre Hospitalier du Bassin de Thau, 34207 Sète CEDEX, France
- Laboratoire de bactériologie de l’Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 93, Grande-rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon CEDEX 4, France
- UMR 5557, Écologie microbienne, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, École nationale vétérinaire de Lyon, 69280 Marcy-l’Étoile, France
- Groupe Français d’étude sur les Aeromonas (GFA)
| | - Angeli Kodjo
- Laboratoire de biologie, Centre Hospitalier du Bassin de Thau, 34207 Sète CEDEX, France
- Laboratoire de bactériologie de l’Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 93, Grande-rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon CEDEX 4, France
- UMR 5557, Écologie microbienne, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, École nationale vétérinaire de Lyon, 69280 Marcy-l’Étoile, France
- Groupe Français d’étude sur les Aeromonas (GFA)
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DA SILVA MIRIAMLOPES, ROGÉRIO MATTÉ GLAVUR, GERMANO PEDROMANUELLEAL, MATTÉ MARIAHELENA. OCCURRENCE OF PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS IN FISH SOLD IN SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL. J Food Saf 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2009.00192.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Multiplex PCR method for detection of three Aeromonas enterotoxin genes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 76:425-33. [PMID: 19933350 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01357-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel multiplex PCR method using three sets of specific primers was developed for the detection of the cytotoxic (act), heat-labile (alt), and heat-stable (ast) enterotoxin genes in Aeromonas spp. This assay was used to characterize 35 reference strains as well as 537 food-borne isolates. A total of seven gene pattern combinations were encountered, including act, alt, act/alt, act/alt/ast, act/alt/148-bp amplicon, alt/ast, and alt/148-bp amplicon. The alt gene was detected with 34 reference strains (97%) and occurred singly in 14% of these strains. The frequency of occurrence of the act/alt, act/alt/ast, and alt/ast gene patterns in reference strains was 14 (40%), 2 (6%), and 2 (6%), respectively. An unpredicted amplicon was detected in 11 reference strains (31%). Characterization of this amplicon showed that its size was 148 bp, as generated by the AHLF and AHLR primers, and that it uniquely aligned with the Aeromonas salmonicida A449 genome sequence (GenBank accession number CP000644). This amplicon was named Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida hypothetical protein amplicon (AssHPA). In the 537 food-borne isolates, the act and alt genes were most dominant and were detected in 349 (65%) and 452 (84%) isolates, respectively, either alone or in combinations. The act and alt genes occurred singly in 30 (6%) and 128 (24%) of these strains, respectively. The act/alt gene pattern occurred in 315 isolates (59%), whereas the ast gene was always linked to strains exhibiting the act/alt/ast and alt/ast gene combinations in 4 (0.7%) and 5 (0.9%) isolates, respectively. The uniplex amplification of three enterotoxin genes separately confirms the specificity of the unique selected primers. This multiplex PCR is rapid and simple and can detect the presence of three Aeromonas enterotoxin genes in a single assay.
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Phylogenetic identification of Aeromonas simiae from a pig, first isolate since species description. Vet Microbiol 2009; 142:313-6. [PMID: 19853388 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 09/12/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The species Aeromonas simiae was first described on the basis of two strains (CIP 107798(T) and CIP 107797) isolated from faeces of healthy monkeys (M. fascicularis) from Mauritius, which were kept in quarantine in the Centre for Primatology, Louis Pasteur University, Strasbourg, France. In the present study, during a survey to determine the prevalence of Aeromonas at three different pig slaughterhouses at north of Portugal, a single strain MDC2374 (out of 703 isolates) was identified as A. simiae on the basis of 16S rDNA, gyrB and rpoD sequencing, confirming that traditional biochemical approaches are not resolute to identify rarely isolated Aeromonas species. To our knowledge, this is the first time since species description that A. simiae is newly isolated and identified.
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Phylogenetic Evidence Suggests That Strains of Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. dhakensis Belong to the Species Aeromonas aquariorum sp. nov. Curr Microbiol 2008; 58:76-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-008-9278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Martínez-Murcia AJ, Saavedra MJ, Mota VR, Maier T, Stackebrandt E, Cousin S. Aeromonas aquariorum sp. nov., isolated from aquaria of ornamental fish. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008; 58:1169-75. [PMID: 18450708 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.65352-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During a survey to determine the prevalence of Aeromonas strains in water and skin of imported ornamental fish, 48 strains presumptively identified as Aeromonas were isolated but they could not be identified as members of any previously described Aeromonas species. These strains were subjected to a polyphasic approach including phylogenetic analysis derived from gyrB, rpoD and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, DNA-DNA hybridization, MALDI-TOF MS analysis, genotyping by RAPD and extensive biochemical and antibiotic susceptibility tests in order to determine their taxonomic position. Based on the results of the phylogenetic analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization data, we describe a novel species of the genus Aeromonas, for which the name Aeromonas aquariorum sp. nov. is proposed, with strain MDC47T (=DSM 18362T =CECT 7289T) as the type strain. This is the first Aeromonas species description based on isolations from ornamental fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Martínez-Murcia
- Molecular Diagnostics Center, Biomolecular Technologies S.L. and Universidad Miguel Hernández, E-03300 Orihuela (Alicante), Spain.
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Demarta A, Küpfer M, Riegel P, Harf-Monteil C, Tonolla M, Peduzzi R, Monera A, José Saavedra M, Martínez-Murcia A. Aeromonas tecta sp. nov., isolated from clinical and environmental sources. Syst Appl Microbiol 2008; 31:278-86. [PMID: 18617346 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Five Aeromonas strains, isolated from both clinical and environmental sources and characterized by a polyphasic approach, including phylogenetic analysis derived from gyrB, rpoD, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, as well as DNA-DNA hybridization, extensive biochemical and antibiotic susceptibility tests, were recognized as members of an unknown, or undescribed, Aeromonas species. These "Aeromonas eucrenophila-like" strains were closely related to the species A. eucrenophila and Aeromonas encheleia, but they were negative for indole and acid from glycerol tests. Therefore, based on the results of the phylogenetic analyses and DNA-DNA pairing data of these strains, a novel species of the genus Aeromonas is described, for which the name Aeromonas tecta is proposed with isolate F518(T) (CECT7082(T), DSM17300(T), MDC91(T)) as the type strain.
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Figueras MJ, Alperi A, Guarro J. On the identification of clinical Aeromonas by a new restriction fragment length polymorphism of 16S rDNA method. Lett Appl Microbiol 2007; 45:692-3; author reply 694-5. [PMID: 17916125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2007.02245.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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