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Chettaoui R, Mayot G, De Almeida L, Di Martino P. Cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon) dietary supplementation and fecal microbiota of Wistar rats. AIMS Microbiol 2021; 7:257-270. [PMID: 34250378 PMCID: PMC8255906 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2021016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) dietary supplementation can help prevention of urinary tract infections through the supply of proanthocyanidin-type polyphenols (PAC). The main uropathogenic bacteria are members of the intestinal microbiota. A randomized cross-over experiment was done to investigate whether cranberry dietary supplementation affects concentrations of thermotolerant coliforms, Enterococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. in rat faeces. Thirteen rats, housed in individual cages, received successively two diets as pellets during 7 days each: a standard diet without polyphenols and the standard diet supplemented with cranberry powder containing 10.9 mg/100 g of PAC. There was a 7 days wash-out period in between with standard diet without polyphenols. Body weight and feed intake were recorded. Faeces were collected on the last day of treatment, and crushed to count the different bacterial populations using the most probable number method. Thermotolerant coliforms were grown in BGBLB tubes and on MacConkey agar. Enterococcus spp. were grown in Rothe and Litsky broths and on KF Streptococcus agar. Lactobacillus spp. were grown in Man Rogosa Sharpe broth. Body mass gains were not affected by cranberry supplementation. This is consistent with equal food intake, cranberry powder not providing significant energy supplement. Cranberry dietary supplementation was associated with changes in fecal concentrations of thermotolerant coliforms, and Enterococcus spp. in some rats, but did not induce significant changes in bacterial fecal concentrations in a global population of 13 rats. In conclusion, we did not observe any significant effect of dietary cranberry supplementation on the fecal microbiota of Wistars rats for a 7-day diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Chettaoui
- Laboratoire ERRMECe, CY Cergy Paris University, 1 rue Descartes 95000 Neuville-sur-Oise, France
| | - Gilles Mayot
- Laboratoire ERRMECe, CY Cergy Paris University, 1 rue Descartes 95000 Neuville-sur-Oise, France
| | - Loris De Almeida
- Laboratoire ERRMECe, CY Cergy Paris University, 1 rue Descartes 95000 Neuville-sur-Oise, France
| | - Patrick Di Martino
- Laboratoire ERRMECe, CY Cergy Paris University, 1 rue Descartes 95000 Neuville-sur-Oise, France
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2
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Umu ÖCO, Mydland LT, Øverland M, Press CM, Sørum H. Rapeseed-based diet modulates the imputed functions of gut microbiome in growing-finishing pigs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9372. [PMID: 32523033 PMCID: PMC7287078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed meal is a sustainable feed ingredient that can be used as an alternative to imported soybean meal in European pig production. The gut microbiota plays an important role on pig physiology and health but the impact on microbiota of using rapeseed in diets is still not well known. In this study, 84 purebred Norwegian Landrace pigs with average initial weight of 25 kg were divided into two groups and fed for approximately three months with either a control diet containing soybean meal (CON) or a high-fiber experimental diet where 20% rapeseed meal (RSF) was included as an alternative to soybean meal in CON. The composition and function of microbiome in gut digesta samples were analyzed by performing 16S rRNA gene sequencing and culturing of bacteria. The microbiota diversity and composition were similar between the dietary treatments; however, relative abundance of a variety of bacterial groups and imputed functions of microbiome in the ileum and large intestine were altered when the pigs were fed with a rapeseed-based diet. It was notable that the immune-inducing bacterial group Mucispirillum and anti-inflammatory stimulating bacteria Lachnospira were more abundant in the ileum and large intestine of the RSF group, respectively. Moreover, there was a higher abundance of major amino acid fermenters and amylolytic bacteria in the CON group and a high abundance of putative short chain fatty acid producers in RSF group. In comparison with the CON group, the gut microbiome of RSF group possessed an enhanced potential for carbohydrate and energy metabolism and a reduced potential for bacterial pathogenicity-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgün Candan Onarman Umu
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369, N-0102, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Liv Torunn Mydland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Margareth Øverland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Charles McLean Press
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369, N-0102, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henning Sørum
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369, N-0102, Oslo, Norway
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Li D, Wu H, Dou H. Weight loss effect of sweet orange essential oil microcapsules on obese SD rats induced by high-fat diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:923-932. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1578640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Obesity is one of the most common and major health concerns worldwide. Weight management through dietary supplements with natural plant extracts has become the focus of current research. Sweet orange essential oil (SOEO) is a natural plant extract, with many bioactivities. In order to evaluate the weight loss effect of SOEO microcapsules and investigate the underlying mechanism, we fed high-fat diet-induced obese SD rats with SOEO microcapsules for 15 days and found that SOEO microcapsules reduced body weight gain by 41.4%, decreased total cholesterol level, alleviated liver and adipose tissue pathological alteration. The results of fluorescence quantitative PCR revealed that decreasing the expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ, upregulating of uncoupling protein 2, hormone sensitive lipase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, inhibiting the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase appear to be the mechanism of SOEO microcapsules to lose weight. This study suggests that SOEO microcapsule is a potential dietary supplement for weight loss.
Abbreviations: SOEO: sweet orange essential oil; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PPARα: peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-α; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ; UCP2: uncoupling protein 2; HSL: hormone sensitive lipase; CPT1: carnitine palmitoyltransferase I; ACC: acetyl-CoA carboxylase; NPY: neuropeptide Y; LEP: leptin; INS: insulin; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahu Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Houjiu Wu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Huating Dou
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
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Shao S, Wang D, Zheng W, Li X, Zhang H, Zhao D, Wang M. A unique polysaccharide from Hericium erinaceus mycelium ameliorates acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis rats by modulating the composition of the gut microbiota, short chain fatty acids levels and GPR41/43 respectors. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 71:411-422. [PMID: 31059977 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory disorder of the colonic mucosa. Risk of colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis is increased in patients with long-standing disease compared with the general population. Hericium erinaceus (HE) has been used in traditional folk medicine and medicinal cuisine in China, Korea and Japan with anti-gastritis and anti-ulcerative colitis activities. EP-1, a purified unique polysaccharide isolated from HE mycelium, has recently been identified as the active component responsible for anti- ulcerative colitis activity by using a cell model for identification. In this study, our data shows that EP-1 was effective in relieving the symptoms of acetic acid induced UC rats. Based on the Illumina MiSeq platform, 16S rRNA sequencing of the rat colonic contents indicated that the intestinal flora structure remarkably changed in the model rats and the tendency was alleviated to a certain degree by EP-1. The further results showed that in the acetic acid induced UC rats EP-1 modulated the gut microbiota community and increased short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). And immunoblot analyses showed that after treated by EP-1, GPR41 and GPR43 were significantly suppressed expression in colonic tissues of the UC rats. In the meanwhile, EP-1 also showed its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and enhancing immune activities. Thus, the polysaccharide purified from HE showed potential for anti-UC activity and the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) herb therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of BioMacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of BioMacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - He Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of BioMacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of BioMacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mingxing Wang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of BioMacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Khan TJ, Hasan MN, Azhar EI, Yasir M. Association of gut dysbiosis with intestinal metabolites in response to antibiotic treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humic.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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6
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Onarman Umu ÖC, Fauske AK, Åkesson CP, Pérez de Nanclares M, Sørby R, Press CM, Øverland M, Sørum H. Gut microbiota profiling in Norwegian weaner pigs reveals potentially beneficial effects of a high-fiber rapeseed diet. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209439. [PMID: 30571797 PMCID: PMC6301702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed meal (RSM) is an alternative feed ingredient to soybean meal (SBM) in pig diets. However, knowledge on the effect of RSM on gut health, especially in relation to changes in gut microbiota is still limited. In our study, Norwegian Landrace weaner pigs were fed with either a control diet (CON) based on wheat, barley and SBM, or a high-fiber experimental diet where SBM was replaced by RSM (RSF). We found no large differences in the gut microbiota of pigs fed the two diets, suggesting that RSF does not disturb the gut microbiota and the normal gut function. The relative abundance of SCFA-producing phylotypes and colon-health related phylotypes increased in the large intestine of RSF-fed pigs. Among them, Lachnospira and Coprococcus were negatively associated with the presence of neutrophils in the colon wall. The higher abundance of these bacteria in colon of RSF pigs may suggest an anti-inflammatory stimulus effect of the RSF diet. The gut microbiota of RSF-fed pigs was relatively unaltered following episodes of diarrhea suggesting that the RSF diet may promote robustness in weaner pigs and reduce the risk of dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgün Candan Onarman Umu
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aud Kari Fauske
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline Piercey Åkesson
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marta Pérez de Nanclares
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Randi Sørby
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charles McLean Press
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Margareth Øverland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Henning Sørum
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Umu ÖCO, Rudi K, Diep DB. Modulation of the gut microbiota by prebiotic fibres and bacteriocins. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2017; 28:1348886. [PMID: 28959178 PMCID: PMC5614387 DOI: 10.1080/16512235.2017.1348886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is considered an organ that co-develops with the host throughout its life. The composition and metabolic activities of the gut microbiota are subject to a complex interplay between the host genetics and environmental factors, such as lifestyle, diet, stress and antimicrobials. It is evident that certain prebiotics, and antimicrobials produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), can shape the composition of the gut microbiota and its metabolic activities to promote host health and/or prevent diseases. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the impact of prebiotic fibres, and bacteriocins from LAB, on the gut microbiota and its activities, which affect the physiology and health of the host. These represent two different mechanisms in modulating the gut microbiota, the first involving exploitative competition by which the growth of beneficial bacteria is promoted and the latter involving interference competition by which the growth of pathogens and other unwanted bacteria is prevented. For interference competition in the gut, bacteriocins offer special advantages over traditional antibiotics, in that they can be designed to act towards specific unwanted bacteria and other pathogens, without any remarkable collateral effects on beneficial microbes sharing the same niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgün C. O. Umu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Rudi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Dzung B. Diep
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
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9
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Umu ÖCO, Bäuerl C, Oostindjer M, Pope PB, Hernández PE, Pérez-Martínez G, Diep DB. The Potential of Class II Bacteriocins to Modify Gut Microbiota to Improve Host Health. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164036. [PMID: 27695121 PMCID: PMC5047636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of bacteriocins is a potential probiotic feature of many lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as it can help prevent the growth of pathogens in gut environments. However, knowledge on bacteriocin producers in situ and their function in the gut of healthy animals is still limited. In this study, we investigated five bacteriocin-producing strains of LAB and their isogenic non-producing mutants for probiotic values. The LAB bacteriocins, sakacin A (SakA), pediocin PA-1 (PedPA-1), enterocins P, Q and L50 (enterocins), plantaricins EF and JK (plantaricins) and garvicin ML (GarML), are all class II bacteriocins, but they differ greatly from each other in terms of inhibition spectrum and physicochemical properties. The strains were supplemented to mice through drinking water and changes on the gut microbiota composition were interpreted using 16S rRNA gene analysis. In general, we observed that overall structure of the gut microbiota remained largely unaffected by the treatments. However, at lower taxonomic levels, some transient but advantageous changes were observed. Some potentially problematic bacteria were inhibited (e.g., Staphylococcus by enterocins, Enterococcaceae by GarML, and Clostridium by plantaricins) and the proportion of LAB was increased in the presence of SakA-, plantaricins- and GarML-producing bacteria. Moreover, the treatment with GarML-producing bacteria co-occurred with decreased triglyceride levels in the host mice. Taken together, our results indicate that several of these bacteriocin producers have potential probiotic properties at diverse levels as they promote favorable changes in the host without major disturbance in gut microbiota, which is important for normal gut functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgün C. O. Umu
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Christine Bäuerl
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Marije Oostindjer
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Phillip B. Pope
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Pablo E. Hernández
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gaspar Pérez-Martínez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Dzung B. Diep
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
- * E-mail:
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Cooper DN, Martin RJ, Keim NL. Does Whole Grain Consumption Alter Gut Microbiota and Satiety? Healthcare (Basel) 2015; 3:364-92. [PMID: 27417768 PMCID: PMC4939539 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare3020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes recent studies examining whole grain consumption and its effect on gut microbiota and satiety in healthy humans. Studies comparing whole grains to their refined grain counterparts were considered, as were studies comparing different grain types. Possible mechanisms linking microbial metabolism and satiety are described. Clinical trials show that whole grain wheat, maize, and barley alter the human gut microbiota, but these findings are based on a few studies that do not include satiety components, so no functional claims between microbiota and satiety can be made. Ten satiety trials were evaluated and provide evidence that whole oats, barley, and rye can increase satiety, whereas the evidence for whole wheat and maize is not compelling. There are many gaps in the literature; no one clinical trial has examined the effects of whole grains on satiety and gut microbiota together. Once understanding the impact of whole grains on satiety and microbiota is more developed, then particular grains might be used for better appetite control. With this information at hand, healthcare professionals could make individual dietary recommendations that promote satiety and contribute to weight control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N Cooper
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Roy J Martin
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- USDA-ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Nancy L Keim
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- USDA-ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Umu ÖCO, Frank JA, Fangel JU, Oostindjer M, da Silva CS, Bolhuis EJ, Bosch G, Willats WGT, Pope PB, Diep DB. Resistant starch diet induces change in the swine microbiome and a predominance of beneficial bacterial populations. MICROBIOME 2015; 3:16. [PMID: 25905018 PMCID: PMC4405844 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-015-0078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary fibers contribute to health and physiology primarily via the fermentative actions of the host's gut microbiome. Physicochemical properties such as solubility, fermentability, viscosity, and gel-forming ability differ among fiber types and are known to affect metabolism. However, few studies have focused on how they influence the gut microbiome and how these interactions influence host health. The aim of this study is to investigate how the gut microbiome of growing pigs responds to diets containing gel-forming alginate and fermentable resistant starch and to predict important interactions and functional changes within the microbiota. RESULTS Nine growing pigs (3-month-old), divided into three groups, were fed with either a control, alginate-, or resistant starch-containing diet (CON, ALG, or RS), and fecal samples were collected over a 12-week period. SSU (small subunit) rDNA amplicon sequencing data was annotated to assess the gut microbiome, whereas comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP) of digested material was employed to evaluate feed degradation. Gut microbiome structure variation was greatest in pigs fed with resistant starch, where notable changes included the decrease in alpha diversity and increase in relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae- and Ruminococcus-affiliated phylotypes. Imputed function was predicted to vary significantly in pigs fed with resistant starch and to a much lesser extent with alginate; however, the key pathways involving degradation of starch and other plant polysaccharides were predicted to be unaffected. The change in relative abundance levels of basal dietary components (plant cell wall polysaccharides and proteins) over time was also consistent irrespective of diet; however, correlations between the dietary components and phylotypes varied considerably in the different diets. CONCLUSIONS Resistant starch-containing diet exhibited the strongest structural variation compared to the alginate-containing diet. This variation gave rise to a microbiome that contains phylotypes affiliated with metabolically reputable taxonomic lineages. Despite the significant microbiome structural shifts that occurred from resistant starch-containing diet, functional redundancy is seemingly apparent with respect to the microbiome's capacity to degrade starch and other dietary polysaccharides, one of the key stages in digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgün C O Umu
- />Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Chr. Magnus Falsens Vei 1, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås Akershus, Norway
| | - Jeremy A Frank
- />Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Chr. Magnus Falsens Vei 1, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås Akershus, Norway
| | - Jonatan U Fangel
- />Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1871 Denmark
| | - Marije Oostindjer
- />Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Chr. Magnus Falsens Vei 1, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås Akershus, Norway
| | - Carol Souza da Silva
- />Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
- />Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth J Bolhuis
- />Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Bosch
- />Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - William G T Willats
- />Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1871 Denmark
| | - Phillip B Pope
- />Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Chr. Magnus Falsens Vei 1, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås Akershus, Norway
| | - Dzung B Diep
- />Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Chr. Magnus Falsens Vei 1, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås Akershus, Norway
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Wallace AJ, Eady SL, Hunter DC, Skinner MA, Huffman L, Ansell J, Blatchford P, Wohlers M, Herath TD, Hedderley D, Rosendale D, Stoklosinski H, McGhie T, Sun-Waterhouse D, Redman C. No difference in fecal levels of bacteria or short chain fatty acids in humans, when consuming fruit juice beverages containing fruit fiber, fruit polyphenols, and their combination. Nutr Res 2015; 35:23-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Melcher U, Verma R, Schneider WL. Metagenomic search strategies for interactions among plants and multiple microbes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:268. [PMID: 24966863 PMCID: PMC4052219 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants harbor multiple microbes. Metagenomics can facilitate understanding of the significance, for the plant, of the microbes, and of the interactions among them. However, current approaches to metagenomic analysis of plants are computationally time consuming. Efforts to speed the discovery process include improvement of computational speed, condensing the sequencing reads into smaller datasets before BLAST searches, simplifying the target database of BLAST searches, and flipping the roles of metagenomic and reference datasets. The latter is exemplified by the e-probe diagnostic nucleic acid analysis approach originally devised for improving analysis during plant quarantine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Melcher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State UniversityStillwater, OK, USA
| | - Ruchi Verma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State UniversityStillwater, OK, USA
| | - William L. Schneider
- Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research ServiceFort Detrick, MD, USA
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14
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Xu YJ, Wang C, Ho WE, Ong CN. Recent developments and applications of metabolomics in microbiological investigations. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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