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Keim CN, da Silva DM, de Melo RD, Acosta-Avalos D, Farina M, de Barros HL. Swimming behavior of the multicellular magnetotactic prokaryote 'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis' near solid boundaries and natural magnetic grains. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 114:1899-1913. [PMID: 34478018 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01649-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The magnetotactic yet uncultured species 'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis' is a spherical, multicellular ensemble of bacterial cells able to align along magnetic field lines while swimming propelled by flagella. Magnetotaxis is due to intracytoplasmic, membrane-bound magnetic crystals called magnetosomes. The net magnetic moment of magnetosomes interacts with local magnetic fields, imparting the whole microorganism a torque. Previous works investigated 'Ca. M. multicellularis' behavior when free swimming in water; however, they occur in sediments where bumping into solid particles must be routine. In this work, we investigate the swimming trajectories of 'Ca. M. multicellularis' close to solid boundaries using video microscopy. We applied magnetic fields 0.25-8.0 mT parallel to the optical axis of a light microscope, such that microorganisms were driven upwards towards a coverslip. Because their swimming trajectories approach cylindrical helixes, circular profiles would be expected. Nevertheless, at fields 0.25-1.1 mT, most trajectory projections were roughly sinusoidal, and net movements were approximately perpendicular to applied magnetic fields. Closed loops appeared in some trajectory projections at 1.1 mT, which could indicate a transition to the loopy profiles observed at magnetic fields ≥ 2.15 mT. The behavior of 'Ca. M. multicellularis' near natural magnetic grains showed that they were temporarily trapped by the particle's magnetic field but could reverse the direction of movement to flee away. Our results show that interactions of 'Ca. M. multicellularis with solid boundaries and magnetic grains are complex and possibly involve mechano-taxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina N Keim
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Mendes da Silva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Roger Duarte de Melo
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas - CBPF, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Daniel Acosta-Avalos
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas - CBPF, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Marcos Farina
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Henrique Lins de Barros
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas - CBPF, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil
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Sales MVG, Lima BS, Acosta-Avalos D. U-turn time and velocity dependence on the wavelength of light: multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes of different sizes behave differently. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2020; 49:633-642. [PMID: 33094363 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-020-01472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis' is a multicellular magnetotactic prokaryote found in the Araruama lagoon in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This microorganism shows a photokinesis that depends on the incident light wavelength, but that dependence can be canceled by the presence of radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields. The present manuscript has as its aim to study the effect of light wavelength and RF fields on the U-turn time of 'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis', a behavior more related to magnetotaxis. As the experiments were performed during the night, the microorganisms were greater in size than normal, indicating that they were in the process of division. Our results show that when normal in size, the microorganism's U-turn time is modified by the light wavelength (lower for blue light than for green and red light), but RF fields do not affect that U-turn time dependence on the light wavelength. For the microorganism in the process of division, we describe for the first time how the photokinesis and U-turn time dependence on the light wavelength disappear. It is proposed that methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins are involved in that light wavelength dependence for the U-turn time, but still more studies are necessary to understand how RF fields cancel the photokinesis light wavelength dependence, but do not affect the dependence of the U-turn time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Silva Lima
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, CBPF, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Daniel Acosta-Avalos
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, CBPF, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil.
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Pan H, Dong Y, Teng Z, Li J, Zhang W, Xiao T, Wu LF. A species of magnetotactic deltaproteobacterium was detected at the highest abundance during an algal bloom. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5681391. [PMID: 31855240 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are a group of microorganisms that have the ability to synthesize intracellular magnetic crystals (magnetosomes). They prefer microaerobic or anaerobic aquatic sediments. Thus, there is growing interest in their ecological roles in various habitats. In this study we found co-occurrence of a large rod-shaped deltaproteobacterial magnetotactic bacterium (tentatively named LR-1) in the sediment of a brackish lagoon with algal bloom. Electron microscopy observations showed that they were ovoid to slightly curved rods having a mean length of 6.3 ± 1.1 μm and a mean width of 4.1 ± 0.4 μm. Each cell had a single polar flagellum. They contained hundreds of bullet-shaped intracellular magnetite magnetosomes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that they were most closely related to Desulfamplus magnetovallimortis strain BW-1, and belonged to the Deltaproteobacteria. Our findings indicate that LR-1 may be a new species of MTB. We propose that deltaproteobacterial MTB may play an important role in iron cycling and so may represent a reservoir of iron, and be an indicator species for monitoring algal blooms in such eutrophic ecosystems. These observations provide new clues to the cultivation of magnetotactic Deltaproteobacteria and the control of algal blooms, although further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmiao Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yi Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhaojie Teng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Beitucheng Western Road, Beijing, 100029, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Tian Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.,LCB, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, Marseille, 13402, France
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Wang Y, Casaburi G, Lin W, Li Y, Wang F, Pan Y. Genomic evidence of the illumination response mechanism and evolutionary history of magnetotactic bacteria within the Rhodospirillaceae family. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:407. [PMID: 31117953 PMCID: PMC6532209 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are ubiquitous in natural aquatic environments. MTB can produce intracellular magnetic particles, navigate along geomagnetic field, and respond to light. However, the potential mechanism by which MTB respond to illumination and their evolutionary relationship with photosynthetic bacteria remain elusive. RESULTS We utilized genomes of the well-sequenced genus Magnetospirillum, including the newly sequenced MTB strain Magnetospirillum sp. XM-1 to perform a comprehensive genomic comparison with phototrophic bacteria within the family Rhodospirillaceae regarding the illumination response mechanism. First, photoreceptor genes were identified in the genomes of both MTB and phototrophic bacteria in the Rhodospirillaceae family, but no photosynthesis genes were found in the MTB genomes. Most of the photoreceptor genes in the MTB genomes from this family encode phytochrome-domain photoreceptors that likely induce red/far-red light phototaxis. Second, illumination also causes damage within the cell, and in Rhodospirillaceae, both MTB and phototrophic bacteria possess complex but similar sets of response and repair genes, such as oxidative stress response, iron homeostasis and DNA repair system genes. Lastly, phylogenomic analysis showed that MTB cluster closely with phototrophic bacteria in this family. One photoheterotrophic genus, Phaeospirillum, clustered within and displays high genomic similarity with Magnetospirillum. Moreover, the phylogenetic tree topologies of magnetosome synthesis genes in MTB and photosynthesis genes in phototrophic bacteria from the Rhodospirillaceae family were reasonably congruent with the phylogenomic tree, suggesting that these two traits were most likely vertically transferred during the evolution of their lineages. CONCLUSION Our new genomic data indicate that MTB and phototrophic bacteria within the family Rhodospirillaceae possess diversified photoreceptors that may be responsible for phototaxis. Their genomes also contain comprehensive stress response genes to mediate the negative effects caused by illumination. Based on phylogenetic studies, most of MTB and phototrophic bacteria in the Rhodospirillaceae family evolved vertically with magnetosome synthesis and photosynthesis genes. The ancestor of Rhodospirillaceae was likely a magnetotactic phototrophic bacteria, however, gain or loss of magnetotaxis and phototrophic abilities might have occurred during the evolution of ancestral Rhodospirillaceae lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Giorgio Casaburi
- Departments of Microbiology and Cell Science, Space Life Sciences Laboratory, University of Florida, Merritt Island, FL, 32953, USA
| | - Wei Lin
- Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fengping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxin Pan
- Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Teng Z, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Pan H, Xu J, Huang H, Xiao T, Wu LF. Diversity and Characterization of Multicellular Magnetotactic Prokaryotes From Coral Reef Habitats of the Paracel Islands, South China Sea. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2135. [PMID: 30271390 PMCID: PMC6142882 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes (MMPs) are ubiquitous in marine environments, the diversity of MMPs in sediments of coral reef ecosystems has rarely been reported. In this study, we made an investigation on the diversity and characteristics of MMPs in sediments at 11 stations in coral reef habitats of the Paracel Islands. The results showed that MMPs were present at nine stations, with spherical mulberry-like MMPs (s-MMPs) found at all stations and ellipsoidal pineapple-like MMPs (e-MMPs) found at seven stations. The maximum abundance of MMPs was 6 ind./cm3. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of one e-MMP species and five s-MMP species including two species of a new genus. The results indicate that coral reef habitats of the Paracel Islands have a high diversity of MMPs that bio-mineralize multiple intracellular chains of iron crystals and play important role in iron cycling in such oligotrophic environment. These observations provide new perspective of the diversity of MMPs in general and expand knowledge of the occurrence of MMPs in coral reef habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojie Teng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongmiao Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianhong Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Qingdao, China
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCB, Marseille, France.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Qingdao, China
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Keim CN, Duarte de Melo R, Almeida FP, Lins de Barros HGP, Farina M, Acosta-Avalos D. Effect of applied magnetic fields on motility and magnetotaxis in the uncultured magnetotactic multicellular prokaryote 'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis'. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 10:465-474. [PMID: 29573371 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria are found in the chemocline of aquatic environments worldwide. They produce nanoparticles of magnetic minerals arranged in chains in the cytoplasm, which enable these microorganisms to align to magnetic fields while swimming propelled by flagella. Magnetotactic bacteria are diverse phylogenetically and morphologically, including cocci, rods, vibria, spirilla and also multicellular forms, known as magnetotactic multicellular prokaryotes (MMPs). We used video-microscopy to study the motility of the uncultured MMP 'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis' under applied magnetic fields ranging from 0.9 to 32 Oersted (Oe). The bidimensional projections of the tridimensional trajectories where interpreted as plane projections of cylindrical helices and fitted as sinusoidal curves. The results showed that 'Ca. M. multicellularis' do not orient efficiently to low magnetic fields, reaching an efficiency of about 0.65 at 0.9-1.5 Oe, which are four to six times the local magnetic field. Good efficiency (0.95) is accomplished for magnetic fields ≥10 Oe. For comparison, unicellular magnetotactic microorganisms reach such efficiency at the local magnetic field. Considering that the magnetic moment of 'Ca. M. multicellularis' is sufficient for efficient alignment at the Earth's magnetic field, we suggest that misalignments are due to flagella movements, which could be driven by photo-, chemo- and/or other types of taxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina N Keim
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Roger Duarte de Melo
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas - CBPF, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Fernando P Almeida
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Henrique G P Lins de Barros
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas - CBPF, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Marcos Farina
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Daniel Acosta-Avalos
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas - CBPF, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil
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Li K, Wang P, Chen C, Chen C, Li L, Song T. Light irradiation helps magnetotactic bacteria eliminate intracellular reactive oxygen species. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:3638-3648. [PMID: 28752909 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) demonstrate photoresponse. However, little is known about the biological significance of this behaviour. Magnetosomes exhibit peroxidase-like activity and can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Magnetosomes extracted from the Magnetospirillum magneticum strain AMB-1 show enhanced peroxidase-like activity under illumination. The present study investigated the effects of light irradiation on nonmagnetic (without magnetosomes) and magnetic (with magnetosomes) AMB-1 cells. Results showed that light irradiation did not affect the growth of nonmagnetic and magnetic cells but significantly increased magnetosome synthesis and reduced intracellular ROS level in magnetic cells. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to analyse the expression level of magnetosome formation-associated genes (mamA, mms6, mms13 and mmsF) and stress-related genes (recA, oxyR, SOD, amb0664 and amb2684). Results showed that light irradiation upregulated the expression of mms6, mms13 and mmsF. Furthermore, light irradiation upregulated the expression of stress-related genes in nonmagnetic cells but downregulated them in magnetic cells. Additionally, magnetic cells exhibited stronger phototactic behaviour than nonmagnetic ones. These results suggested that light irradiation could heighten the ability of MTB to eliminate intracellular ROS and help them adapt to lighted environments. This phenomenon may be related to the enhanced peroxidase-like activity of magnetosomes under light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefeng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Department of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chuanfang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Changyou Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Department of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Tao Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Beijing 100190, China
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Light effects on the multicellular magnetotactic prokaryote ‘Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis’ are cancelled by radiofrequency fields: the involvement of radical pair mechanisms. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2016; 110:177-186. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-016-0788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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de Azevedo LV, Acosta-Avalos D. Photokinesis is magnetic field dependent in the multicellular magnetotactic prokaryote Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 108:579-85. [PMID: 26108495 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis is a spherical, multicellular, magnetotactic prokaryote (MMP) composed of 10-40 genetically-identical, Gram-negative cells. It is known that monochromatic light of low intensity influences its average swimming velocity, being higher for red light (628 nm) and lower for green light (517 nm). In this study, we determined the effect of light of different wavelengths and intensities on the swimming velocity of Ca. Magnetoglobus multicellularis under different magnetic field intensities. The swimming velocities of several organisms exposed to blue light (469 nm), green light (517 nm) and red light (628 nm) with intensities ranging from 0.36 to 3.68 Wm(-2) were recorded under magnetic field intensities ranging from 0.26 to 1.47 Oe. Our results showed that MMPs exposed to green light display consistently lower average swimming velocities compared to other wavelengths of light. We also show for the first time that photokinesis in Ca. Magnetoglobus multicellularis is dependent on the magnetic field being applied. The relationship between light wavelength and intensity and magnetic field strength and swimming velocity in this MMP is therefore complex. Although the mechanism for the observed behaviour is not completely understood, a flavin-containing chromophore may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyvia Vidinho de Azevedo
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas (CBPF), Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, RJ, 22250-180, Brazil
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Zhang R, Chen YR, Du HJ, Zhang WY, Pan HM, Xiao T, Wu LF. Characterization and phylogenetic identification of a species of spherical multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes that produces both magnetite and greigite crystals. Res Microbiol 2014; 165:481-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Chen YR, Zhang R, Du HJ, Pan HM, Zhang WY, Zhou K, Li JH, Xiao T, Wu LF. A novel species of ellipsoidal multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes from Lake Yuehu in China. Environ Microbiol 2014; 17:637-47. [PMID: 24725306 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two morphotypes of multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes (MMPs) have been identified: spherical (several species) and ellipsoidal (previously one species). Here, we report novel ellipsoidal MMPs that are ∼ 10 × 8 μm in size, and composed of about 86 cells arranged in six to eight interlaced circles. Each MMP was composed of cells that synthesized either bullet-shaped magnetite magnetosomes alone, or both bullet-shaped magnetite and rectangular greigite magnetosomes. They showed north-seeking magnetotaxis, ping-pong motility and negative phototaxis at a velocity up to 300 μm s(-1) . During reproduction, they divided along either their long- or short-body axes. For genetic analysis, we sorted the ellipsoidal MMPs with micromanipulation and amplified their genomes using multiple displacement amplification. We sequenced the 16S rRNA gene and found 6.9% sequence divergence from that of ellipsoidal MMPs, Candidatus Magnetananas tsingtaoensis and > 8.3% divergence from those of spherical MMPs. Therefore, the novel MMPs belong to different species and genus compared with the currently known ellipsoidal and spherical MMPs respectively. The novel MMPs display a morphological cell differentiation, implying a potential division of labour. These findings provide new insights into the diversity of MMPs in general, and contribute to our understanding of the evolution of multicellularity among prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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