Streptomonospora algeriensis sp. nov., a halophilic actinomycete isolated from soil in Algeria

Description of a new strain of Streptomonospora nanhaiensis and reclassification of Streptomonospora halotolerans as a later heterotypic synonym of Streptomonospora nanhaiensis

A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-YY374, was isolated from root of wheat and a polyphasic taxonomic study was carried out. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain NEAU-YY374 was closely related to Streptomonospora halotolerans NEAU-Jh2-17^T (99.3 %) and Streptomonospora nanhaiensis 12A09^T (98.6%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-YY374 formed a stable clade with S. halotolerans NEAU-Jh2-17^T and S. nanhaiensis 12A09^T in trees generated with two algorithms. Key morphological and chemotaxonomic properties also confirmed the affiliation of strain NEAU-YY374 to the genus Streptomonospora. The differences of DNA G+C contents among these three strains were all less than 1 %, and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization and the average nucleotide identity values were higher than the circumscription thresholds of species and subspecies, clearly indicating that the three strains should belong to the same species. Therefore, we concluded that strain NEAU-YY374 is a new strain of S. nanhaiensis. Meanwhile, S. halotolerans should be reclassified as a later heterotypic synonym of S. nanhaiensis according to the priority of publication and validation of the name.

Spiractinospora alimapuensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment of Valparaíso Bay (Chile) and proposal for reclassification of two species of the genus Nocardiopsis

An alkaliphilic actinobacterium, designated VN6-2T, was isolated from marine sediment collected from Valparaíso Bay, Chile. Strain VN6-2T formed yellowish-white branched substrate mycelium without fragmentation. Aerial mycelium was well developed, forming wavy or spiral spore chains. Strain VN6-2T exhibited a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 93.9 % to Salinactinospora qingdaonensis CXB832T, 93.7 % to Murinocardiopsis flavida 14-Be-013T, and 93.7 % to Lipingzhangella halophila 14-Be-013T. Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 5.9 Mb and an in silico G+C content of 69.3 mol%. Both of the phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the up-to-date bacterial core gene sequences revealed that strain VN6-2T formed a distinct monophyletic clade within the family Nocardiopsaceae . Chemotaxonomic assessment of strain VN6-2T showed that the major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and 10-methyl-C18 : 0, and the predominant respiratory quinones were MK-9, MK-9(H2) and MK-9(H4). Whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the cell-wall diamino acid, and ribose and xylose as the diagnostic sugars. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, aminophospholipids, glycolipid and phospholipid. Based on the results of this polyphasic study, a novel genus, Spiractinospora gen. nov., is proposed within the family Nocardiopsaceae and the type species Spiractinospora alimapuensis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is VN6-2T (CECT 30026T, CCUG 66258T). On the basis of the phylogenetic results herein, we also propose that Nocardiopsis arvandica and Nocardiopsis litoralis are later heterotypic synonyms of Nocardiopsis sinuspersici and Nocardiopsis kunsanensis , respectively, for which emended descriptions are given.

Streptomonospora litoralis sp. nov., a halophilic thiopeptides producer isolated from sand collected at Cuxhaven beach

Strain M2^T was isolated from the beach of Cuxhaven, Wadden Sea, Germany, in course of a program to attain new producers of bioactive natural products. Strain M2^T produces litoralimycin and sulfomycin-type thiopeptides. Bioinformatic analysis revealed a potential biosynthetic gene cluster encoding for the M2^T thiopeptides. The strain is Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, non-motile, spore forming, showing a yellow colony color and forms extensively branched substrate mycelium and aerial hyphae. Inferred from the 16S rRNA gene phylogeny strain M2^T affiliates with the genus Streptomonospora. It shows 96.6% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type species Streptomonospora salina DSM 44593 ^T and forms a distinct branch with Streptomonospora sediminis DSM 45723 ^T with 97.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Genome-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that M2^T is closely related to Streptomonospora alba YIM 90003 ^T with a digital DNA-DNA hybridisation (dDDH) value of 26.6%. The predominant menaquinones of M2^T are MK-10(H₆), MK-10(H₈), and MK-11(H₆) (> 10%). Major cellular fatty acids are iso-C_16:0, anteiso C_17:0 and C_18:0 10-methyl. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, three glycolipids, two unknown phospholipids, and two unknown lipids. The genome size of type strain M2^T is 5,878,427 bp with 72.1 mol % G + C content. Based on the results obtained from phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic studies, strain M2^T (= DSM 106425 ^T = NCCB 100650 ^T) is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Streptomonospora for which the name Streptomonospora litoralis sp. nov. is proposed.

Actinobacteria Derived from Algerian Ecosystems as a Prominent Source of Antimicrobial Molecules

Actinobacteria, in particular "rare actinobacteria" isolated from extreme ecosystems, remain the most inexhaustible source of novel antimicrobials, offering a chance to discover new bioactive metabolites. This is the first overview on actinobacteria isolated in Algeria since 2002 to date with the aim to present their potential in producing bioactive secondary metabolites. Twenty-nine new species and one novel genus have been isolated, mainly from the Saharan soil and palm groves, where 37.93% of the most abundant genera belong to Saccharothrix and Actinopolyspora. Several of these strains were found to produce antibiotics and antifungal metabolites, including 17 new molecules among the 50 structures reported, and some of these antibacterial metabolites have shown interesting antitumor activities. A series of approaches used to enhance the production of bioactive compounds is also presented as the manipulation of culture media by both classical methods and modeling designs through statistical strategies and the associations with diverse organisms and strains. Focusing on the Algerian natural sources of antimicrobial metabolites, this work is a representative example of the potential of a closely combined study on biology and chemistry of natural products.

Streptomonospora tuzyakensis sp. nov., a halophilic actinomycete isolated from saline soil

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain BN506(T), was isolated from soil collected from Tuz (Salt) Lake, Konya, Turkey, and was characterised to determine its taxonomic position. The isolate was found to have morphological and chemotaxonomic properties associated with members of the genus Streptomonospora. The isolate was found to grow optimally at 37 °C and in the presence of 10 % (w/v) NaCl but not in the absence of NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on an almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that isolate is closely related to members of the genus Streptomonospora and forms a distinct phyletic line in the Streptomonospora phylogenetic tree. Strain BN506(T) is closely related to Streptomonospora halophila YIM 91355(T) (98.1 % sequence similarity). Sequence similarities with other type strains of the genus Streptomyces were lower than 98.0 %. The cell wall of the novel strain was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. Whole cell hydrolysates were found to contain galactose, glucose and ribose. The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-10(H8) (57.0 %). The polar lipids detected were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. The major fatty acids were found to be anteiso-C17:0, iso-C16:0 and 10 methyl C18:0. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA relatedness, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic data, strain BN506(T) was identified as a member of a novel species of the genus Streptomonospora, for which the name Streptomonospora tuzyakensis sp. nov. (type strain BN506(T) = DSM 45930(T) = KCTC 29210(T)) is proposed.

Streptomonospora halotolerans sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from soil

A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-Jh2-17(T), was isolated from muddy soil collected from a riverbank in Jilin Province, northern China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain NEAU-Jh2-17(T) showed highest similarity to those of Streptomonospora nanhaiensis 12A09(T) (99.26%), Nocardiopsis rosea YIM 90094(T) (97.31%), Streptomonospora halophila YIM 91355(T )(97.24%) and Streptomonospora arabica S186(T) (97.02%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain NEAU-Jh2-17(T) fell within a cluster consisting of the type strains of species of the genus Streptomonospora and formed a stable clade with S. nanhaiensis 12A09(T) in trees generated with two algorithms. Key morphological and chemotaxonomic properties also confirmed the affiliation of strain NEAU-Jh2-17(T) to the genus Streptomonospora. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, ribose and galactose. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylinositol mannoside (PIM), two unknown phospholipids (PLs) and two unknown glycolipids (GLs). The predominant menaquinones were MK-10(H2), MK-10(H8), MK-10(H6) and MK-10(H4). Major fatty acids were C18 : 0 10-methyl, anteiso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C15 : 0, C17 : 0 10-methyl and C18 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 71.82 mol%. However, a combination of DNA-DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic characteristics demonstrated that strain NEAU-Jh2-17(T) could be distinguished from its closely related relatives. Therefore, strain NEAU-Jh2-17(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomonospora, for which the name Streptomonospora halotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-Jh2-17(T) ( = CGMCC 4.7218(T) = JCM 30347(T)).

Bounagaea algeriensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely halophilic actinobacterium isolated from a Saharan soil of Algeria

A novel halophilic actinobacterium strain, designated H8(T), was isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected in El-Goléa, South Algeria. Strain H8(T) was identified as representing a new genus using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain H8(T) shared the highest degree of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with 'Mzabimyces algeriensis' DSM 46680(T) (93.0 %), Saccharopolyspora ghardaiensis DSM 45606(T) (91.2 %), Halopolyspora alba DSM 45976(T) (90.8 %) and Actinopolyspora mortivallis DSM 44261(T) (90.0 %). The strain was found to grow optimally at 28-35 °C, at pH 6.0-7.0, and in the presence of 15-25 % (w/v) NaCl. The substrate mycelium was observed to be well developed and fragmented in liquid medium and on solid medium. The aerial mycelium was observed to be moderately abundant and to form long chains with non-motile, smooth-surfaced and ovoid or spherical spores at maturity. The cell wall of strain H8(T) was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. The whole-cell hydrolysates were found to mainly contain arabinose and galactose. The diagnostic phospholipid detected was phosphatidylcholine, and MK-9(H4), MK-9(H2) and MK-10(H2) were found to be the predominant menaquinones. The major cellular fatty acids were determined to be anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain H8(T) was determined to be 71.3 mol%. The genotypic and phenotypic data showed that the strain represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Bounagaea algeriensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain H8(T) (=DSM 45966(T) = CECT 8470(T)).

Actinoalloteichus hoggarensis sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from Saharan soil

A moderately halophilic actinomycete strain, designated AH97T, was isolated from Saharan soil in the Hoggar region (south Algeria) and was subjected to polyphasic taxonomic characterization. The morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the strain were consistent with those of the genus Actinoalloteichus. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain AH97T shared the highest degree of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Actinoalloteichus hymeniacidonis DSM 45092T (99.3 %) and Actinoalloteichus nanshanensis DSM 45655T (98.7 %). However, DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed only 26.5 % relatedness with A. hymeniacidonis DSM 45092T and 28.0 % with A. nanshanensis DSM 45655T. The genotypic and phenotypic data showed that strain AH97T represents a novel species of the genus Actinoalloteichus, for which the name Actinoalloteichus hoggarensis sp. nov. is proposed, with AH97T ( = DSM 45943T = CECT 8639T) as the type strain.

Allosalinactinospora lopnorensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Nocardiopsaceae isolated from soil

A novel actinomycete, designated strain CA15-2T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the rhizosphere of tamarisk in the Lop Nor region, Xinjiang, China, and was characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Optimal growth occurred at 37 °C and pH 7.5–8.0 and with 5 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain CA15-2T formed white to pale-yellow branched substrate mycelium without fragmentation and sparse aerial mycelium with wavelike curves. Whole-cell hydrolysates of the isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the cell wall but no diagnostic sugars. The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and other unidentified lipids. MK-9(H8), MK-10(H8) and MK-10(H6) were the predominant menaquinones. The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CA15-2T formed a distinct subclade in the family Nocardiopsaceae , with less than 95 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all known members of the family Nocardiopsaceae . On the basis of the evidence from our polyphasic study, a novel genus, Allosalinactinospora gen. nov., is proposed, with the type species Allosalinactinospora lopnorensis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Allosalinactinospora lopnorensis is strain CA15-2T ( = DSM 45697T = CGMCC 4.7074T).

List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published

The purpose of this announcement is to effect the valid publication of the following effectively published new names and new combinations under the procedure described in the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision). Authors and other individuals wishing to have new names and/or combinations included in future lists should send three copies of the pertinent reprint or photocopies thereof, or an electronic copy of the published paper to the IJSEM Editorial Office for confirmation that all of the other requirements for valid publication have been met. It is also a requirement of IJSEM and the ICSP that authors of new species, new subspecies and new combinations provide evidence that types are deposited in two recognized culture collections in two different countries. It should be noted that the date of valid publication of these new names and combinations is the date of publication of this list, not the date of the original publication of the names and combinations. The authors of the new names and combinations are as given below. Inclusion of a name on these lists validates the publication of the name and thereby makes it available in the nomenclature of prokaryotes. The inclusion of a name on this list is not to be construed as taxonomic acceptance of the taxon to which the name is applied. Indeed, some of these names may, in time, be shown to be synonyms, or the organisms may be transferred to another genus, thus necessitating the creation of a new combination.