1
|
Streptomyces spiramenti sp. nov., isolated from a deep-sea microbial mat. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:717. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
2
|
Streptomyces: Still the Biggest Producer of New Natural Secondary Metabolites, a Current Perspective. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres13030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a real consensus that new antibiotics are urgently needed and are the best chance for combating antibiotic resistance. The phylum Actinobacteria is one of the main producers of new antibiotics, with a recent paradigm shift whereby rare actinomycetes have been increasingly targeted as a source of new secondary metabolites for the discovery of new antibiotics. However, this review shows that the genus Streptomyces is still the largest current producer of new and innovative secondary metabolites. Between January 2015 and December 2020, a significantly high number of novel Streptomyces spp. have been isolated from different environments, including extreme environments, symbionts, terrestrial soils, sediments and also from marine environments, mainly from marine invertebrates and marine sediments. This review highlights 135 new species of Streptomyces during this 6-year period with 108 new species of Streptomyces from the terrestrial environment and 27 new species from marine sources. A brief summary of the different pre-treatment methods used for the successful isolation of some of the new species of Streptomyces is also discussed, as well as the biological activities of the isolated secondary metabolites. A total of 279 new secondary metabolites have been recorded from 121 species of Streptomyces which exhibit diverse biological activity. The greatest number of new secondary metabolites originated from the terrestrial-sourced Streptomyces spp.
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu S, Wang Y, Wang J, Liu K, Tang X, Gao J. Streptomyces xanthii sp. nov. and Streptomyces roseirectus sp. nov. isolated from a Chinese medicinal plant. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34410901 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two strains of Actinobacteria, designated CRXT-Y-14T and CRXT-G-22T, were isolated from the healthy leaves and seeds, respectively, of a medicinal plant Xanthium sibiricum. Their taxonomic positions were determined using a polyphasic approach. Strain CRXT-Y-14T produced flexuous chains of smooth-surfaced spores. Strain CRXT-G-22T produced straight chains of smooth-surfaced spores. Their morphological features were consistent with the diagnostic characteristics of members of the genus Streptomyces. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses indicated two strains represented members of the genus Streptomyces. CRXT-Y-14T shared 99.3, 98.9, 98.8 % sequence similarities to Streptomyces atriruber NRRL B-24165T, Streptomyces avermitilis MA-4680T and Streptomyces davaonensis JCM 4913T, respectively. Whilst CRXT-G-22T exhibited highest similarity to Streptomyces acidiscabies ATCC 49003T (98.9 %). The results of phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the closest phylogenetic neighbours of strains CRXT-Y-14T and CRXT-G-22T were S. atriruber NRRL B-24165T and S. acidiscabies ATCC 49003T, respectively. The phylogenomic analyses further confirmed the relative relationship between strain CRXT-G-22T and S. acidiscabies ATCC 49003T, but indicated that CRXT-Y-14T could represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyce. However, the average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between CRXT-Y-14T and strain CRXT-G-22T, between CRXT-Y-14T and S. atriruber NRRL B-24165T, and between CRXT-G-22T and S. acidiscabies ATCC 49003T were 85.4 and 23.2 %, 85.8 and 23.9 % and 89.1 and 34.1 %, respectively, far below the 95~96 and 70 % cut-off points recommended for delineating species. Furthermore, these two novel isolates were distinctly differentiated from their relatives in the genus Streptomyces with respect to phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics. On the basis of these data, CRXT-Y-14T and CRXT-G-22T clearly represent two novel species within the genus Streptomyces, for which the names Streptomyces xanthii sp. nov. (type strain CRXT-Y-14T = MCCC 1K04966T= JCM 34527T) and Streptomyces roseirectus sp. nov. (type CRXT-G-22T = MCCC 1K04979T= JCM 34565T) are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siren Hu
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and technology, Xiangtan 411201, PR China
| | - Yinfeng Wang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and technology, Xiangtan 411201, PR China
| | - Junzhen Wang
- Xichang Institute of Agricultural Science, Liangshan 615000, PR China
| | - Keyun Liu
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and technology, Xiangtan 411201, PR China
| | - Xinke Tang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and technology, Xiangtan 411201, PR China
| | - Jian Gao
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and technology, Xiangtan 411201, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Safe Utilization of Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils, College of Hunan Province, Xiangtan 411201, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Świecimska M, Golińska P, Nouioui I, Wypij M, Rai M, Sangal V, Goodfellow M. Streptomyces alkaliterrae sp. nov., isolated from an alkaline soil, and emended descriptions of Streptomyces alkaliphilus, Streptomyces calidiresistens and Streptomyces durbertensis. Syst Appl Microbiol 2020; 43:126153. [PMID: 33161356 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2020.126153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A polyphasic study was undertaken to establish the taxonomic position of six representative streptomycetes isolated from an alkaline soil adjacent to a meteoric alkaline soda lake in India. Chemotaxonomic, cultural and morphological properties of the isolates were consistent with their classification in the genus Streptomyces. The isolates formed extensively branched substrate mycelia and aerial hyphae that differentiated in straight chains of spores with smooth surfaces. They contained LL-diaminopimelic acid in the wall peptidoglycan, produced either hexa- or octa-hydrogenated menaquinones with nine isoprene units, major amounts of saturated, iso- and anteiso- fatty acids and phosphatidylethanolamine as the characteristic polar lipid. The isolates grew well at 30 °C, pH 9 and in the presence of 3 to 5% (w/v) sodium chloride. Isolates OF1T, OF3 and OF8 formed a distinct clade within the Streptomyces 16S rRNA gene tree sharing relatively high sequence similarities with the type strains of Streptomyces durbertensis (99.3%), Streptomyces palmae (98.1%) and Streptomyces xinghaiensis (98.3%), but can be distinguished from them using combinations of phenotypic properties. A phylogenomic tree based on draft genome sequences of the isolates and S. durbertensis DSM 104538T confirmed the phylogenetic relationships. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values calculated from the whole genome sequences of isolate OF1T and S. durbertensis DSM 104538T were low at 92.0% and 45.2%, respectively, indicating that they belong to different genomic species. Consequently, on the basis of the genomic, phylogenetic and associated phenotypic data it is proposed that isolates OF1T, OF3 and OF8 be assigned to the genus Streptomyces as Streptomyces alkaliterrae sp. nov. with strain OF1T (NCIMB 15195T =PCM 3001T) as the type strain. Isolates IF11, IF17 and IF19, and S. alkaliphilus DSM 42118T were shown to belong to the same taxospecies and together with S. calidiresistens DSM 42108T comprised a well supported clade in the Streptomyces 16S rRNA gene tree. Isolate IF17 and S. alkaliphilus DSM 42118T formed a well-supported clade in the phylogenomic tree, had almost identical digital G + C similarity values, produced long straight chains of smooth-surfaced spores and shared ANI and dDDH values (98.0 and 79.6%, respectively) consistent with their assignment to the same genomic species. In light of all of the data isolates IF11, IF17 and IF19 should be seen as authentic stains of S. alkalihilus. Data acquired in the present study have also been used to emend the descriptions of S. alkaliphilus, S. calidiresistens and S. durbertensis. The genomes of isolates IF17, and OF1T, OF3 and OF8 contain relatively high numbers of biosynthetic gene clusters some of which were discontinously distributed indicating ones predicted to express for novel specialised metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Świecimska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87 100 Torun, Poland
| | - Patrycja Golińska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87 100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Imen Nouioui
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Ridley Building 2, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom; Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Magdalena Wypij
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87 100 Torun, Poland
| | - Mahendra Rai
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati-444602, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vartul Sangal
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Goodfellow
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Ridley Building 2, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces sp. Strain ventii, Isolated from a Microbial Mat near Hydrothermal Vents within the Axial Seamount in the Pacific Ocean, and Resequencing of the Type Strains Streptomyces lonarensis NCL 716 and Streptomyces bohaiensis 11A07. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/32/e00607-20. [PMID: 32763929 PMCID: PMC7409846 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00607-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The draft genome of Streptomyces sp. strain ventii, an environmental isolate recovered from deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean, is presented along with the resequenced draft genomes of the type strains Streptomyces bohaiensis 11A07 and Streptomyces lonarensis NCL 716. The draft genome of Streptomyces sp. strain ventii, an environmental isolate recovered from deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean, is presented along with the resequenced draft genomes of the type strains Streptomyces bohaiensis 11A07 and Streptomyces lonarensis NCL 716.
Collapse
|
6
|
Terahara T, Naemura T, Nampo Y, Kobayashi T, Imada C, Hamada M, Tamura T. Streptomyces otsuchiensis sp. nov., a biosurfactant-producing actinobacterium isolated from marine sediment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:3740-3744. [PMID: 31693473 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel actinobacterium producing biosurfactant, designated OTB305T, was isolated from marine sediment sampled at Otsuchi Bay, Iwate Prefecture, Japan and its taxonomic position was examined using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences exhibited that strain OTB305T was closely related to Streptomyces bohaiensis JCM 19630T (98.8 %) and Streptomyces lonarensis DSM 42084T (98.8 %). The chemotaxonomic characteristics of strain OTB305T corresponded to those of the genus Streptomyces as follows: the diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid; whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose and lacked characteristic major sugars; the predominant isoprenoid quinones were MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H6); the polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and an unidentified phospholipid; the major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c; and the genomic DNA G+C content was 72.83 mol%. However, genomic relatedness analysis based on the average nucleotide identity and some phenotypic characteristics revealed that strain OTB305T was distinguished from closely related Streptomyces species. Therefore, strain OTB305T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces otsuchiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is OTB305T (=NBRC 113255T=TBRC 9682T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Terahara
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Takuya Naemura
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nampo
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Chiaki Imada
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Moriyuki Hamada
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NBRC), 2-5-8 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NBRC), 2-5-8 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ay H, Nouioui I, Del Carmen Montero-Calasanz M, Klenk HP, Isik K, Cetin D, Sahin N. Streptomyces sediminis sp. nov. isolated from crater lake sediment. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2017; 111:493-500. [PMID: 29079877 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0970-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel actinobacterial strain, MKSP12T, was isolated from coastal sediment of a crater lake in central Anatolia, Turkey. The taxonomic position of the strain was clarified using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain MKSP12T is closely related to Streptomyces specialis GW 41-1564T with 97.1% sequence similarity. The strain produces aerial hyphae that differentiate into spiral chains of smooth surfaced spores and grows over a temperature range of 20-37 °C, at pH 7-11 and in the presence of 3% (w/v) sodium chloride. The cell wall amino acid is LL-diaminopimelic acid and the whole cell sugars are glucose and ribose. The polar lipids profile consists of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified glycophospholipid and eight unidentified glycolipids; iso-C16:0, iso-C16:1 G, anteiso-C17:0 and anteiso-C17:1 ω9c were identified as the predominant cellular fatty acids (> 10%). Based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and phylogenetic analyses, the strain is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces sediminis sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain MKSP12T (= DSM 100692T = KCTC 39613T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Ay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Imen Nouioui
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Ridley Building 2, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | | | - Hans-Peter Klenk
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Ridley Building 2, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Kamil Isik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Demet Cetin
- Science Teaching Programme, Gazi Faculty of Education, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevzat Sahin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sisinthy S, Chakraborty D, Adicherla H, Gundlapally SR. Emended description of the family Chromatiaceae, phylogenetic analyses of the genera Alishewanella, Rheinheimera and Arsukibacterium, transfer of Rheinheimera longhuensis LH2-2 T to the genus Alishewanella and description of Alishewanella alkalitolerans sp. nov. from Lonar Lake, India. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2017; 110:1227-1241. [PMID: 28612170 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenetic analyses were performed for members of the family Chromatiaceae, signature nucleotides deduced and the genus Alishewanella transferred to Chromatiaceae. Phylogenetic analyses were executed for the genera Alishewanella, Arsukibacterium and Rheinheimera and the genus Rheinheimera is proposed to be split, with the creation of the Pararheinheimera gen. nov. Furthermore, the species Rheinheimera longhuensis, is transferred to the genus Alishewanella as Alishewanella longhuensis comb. nov. Besides, the genera Alishewanella and Rheinheimera are also emended. Strain LNK-7.1T was isolated from a water sample from the Lonar Lake, India. Cells were Gram-negative, motile rods, positive for catalase, oxidase, phosphatase, contained C16:0, C17:1ω8c, summed feature3 (C16:1ω6c and/or C16:1ω7c) and summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c) as major fatty acids, PE and PG as the major lipids and Q-8 as the sole respiratory quinone. Phylogenetic analyses using NJ, ME, ML and Maximum parsimony, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, identified Alishewanella tabrizica RCRI4T as the closely related species of strain LNK-7.1T with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.13%. The DNA-DNA similarity between LNK-7.1T and the closely related species (A. tabrizica) was only 12.0% and, therefore, strain LNK-7.1T was identified as a novel species of the genus Alishewanella with the proposed name Alishewanella alkalitolerans sp. nov. In addition phenotypic characteristics confirmed the species status to strain LNK-7.1T. The type strain of A. alkalitolerans is LNK-7.1T (LMG 29592T = KCTC 52279T), isolated from a water sample collected from the Lonar lake, India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivaji Sisinthy
- Laboratory for Conservation of Endangered Species (LaCONES), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Dwaipayan Chakraborty
- Laboratory for Conservation of Endangered Species (LaCONES), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Harikrishna Adicherla
- Laboratory for Conservation of Endangered Species (LaCONES), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Sathyanarayana Reddy Gundlapally
- Laboratory for Conservation of Endangered Species (LaCONES), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang MJ, Rao MPN, Salam N, Xiao M, Huang HQ, Li WJ. Allostreptomyces psammosilenae gen. nov., sp. nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the roots of Psammosilene tunicoides and emended description of the family Streptomycetaceae [Waksman and Henrici (1943)AL] emend. Rainey et al. 1997, emend. Kim et al. 2003, emend. Zhi et al. 2009. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:288-293. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Juan Huang
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, PR China
| | - Manik Prabhu Narsing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Nimaichand Salam
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Min Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Hai-Quan Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, PR China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Oren A, Garrity GM. Validation List No. 169. List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:2456-2458. [PMID: 27400683 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aharon Oren
- The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - George M Garrity
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Biomedical Physical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-4320, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Oren A, Garrity GM. List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, >published. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:1913-1915. [PMID: 27142818 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aharon Oren
- The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - George M Garrity
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Biomedical Physical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-4320, USA
| |
Collapse
|