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Angiolillo G, Abreu F, Acosta-Avalos D. Swimming polarity inversion in uncultured magnetotactic cocci. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2024; 53:69-76. [PMID: 38214741 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-023-01698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria are microorganisms that produce intracellular magnetic nanoparticles organized in chains, conferring a magnetic moment to the bacterial body that allows it to swim following the geomagnetic field lines. Magnetotactic bacteria usually display two swimming polarities in environmental samples: the South-seeking (SS) polarity and the North-seeking (NS) polarity, characterized by the bacteria swimming antiparallel or parallel to the magnetic field lines, respectively. It has been observed that in the presence of inhomogeneous magnetic fields, NS magnetotactic bacteria can change their swimming polarity to SS or vice versa. The present study analyzes populations of NS cocci obtained from SS cocci isolated in the presence of a magnet. The aim was to study differences in the swimming characteristics and magnetic moment among both populations of cocci. For that, trajectories were recorded and the velocity and angle among the velocity and the applied magnetic field were calculated. In addition, micrographs from both SS and NS cocci were obtained and their magnetosomes were measured to analyze their length, width, aspect ratio and magnetic moment, to finally obtain the magnetic moment for each coccus. The results showed the following properties of NS relative to SS cocci: higher velocities, narrow bacterial magnetic moment distribution, higher dispersion in the distribution of angles among the velocity and the applied magnetic field and lower magnetic field sensibility. Those differences cannot be explained by the simple change in magnetic polarity of the magnetosome chain and can be related to the existence of an active magnetoreceptive process in magnetotactic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanny Angiolillo
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas-CBPF, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Abreu
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Daniel Acosta-Avalos
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas-CBPF, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil.
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Tauseef A, Hisam F, Hussain T, Caruso A, Hussain K, Châtel A, Chénais B. Nanomicrobiology: Emerging Trends in Microbial Synthesis of Nanomaterials and Their Applications. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-022-02256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Keim CN, da Silva DM, de Melo RD, Acosta-Avalos D, Farina M, de Barros HL. Swimming behavior of the multicellular magnetotactic prokaryote 'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis' near solid boundaries and natural magnetic grains. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 114:1899-1913. [PMID: 34478018 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01649-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The magnetotactic yet uncultured species 'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis' is a spherical, multicellular ensemble of bacterial cells able to align along magnetic field lines while swimming propelled by flagella. Magnetotaxis is due to intracytoplasmic, membrane-bound magnetic crystals called magnetosomes. The net magnetic moment of magnetosomes interacts with local magnetic fields, imparting the whole microorganism a torque. Previous works investigated 'Ca. M. multicellularis' behavior when free swimming in water; however, they occur in sediments where bumping into solid particles must be routine. In this work, we investigate the swimming trajectories of 'Ca. M. multicellularis' close to solid boundaries using video microscopy. We applied magnetic fields 0.25-8.0 mT parallel to the optical axis of a light microscope, such that microorganisms were driven upwards towards a coverslip. Because their swimming trajectories approach cylindrical helixes, circular profiles would be expected. Nevertheless, at fields 0.25-1.1 mT, most trajectory projections were roughly sinusoidal, and net movements were approximately perpendicular to applied magnetic fields. Closed loops appeared in some trajectory projections at 1.1 mT, which could indicate a transition to the loopy profiles observed at magnetic fields ≥ 2.15 mT. The behavior of 'Ca. M. multicellularis' near natural magnetic grains showed that they were temporarily trapped by the particle's magnetic field but could reverse the direction of movement to flee away. Our results show that interactions of 'Ca. M. multicellularis with solid boundaries and magnetic grains are complex and possibly involve mechano-taxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina N Keim
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Mendes da Silva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Roger Duarte de Melo
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas - CBPF, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Daniel Acosta-Avalos
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas - CBPF, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Marcos Farina
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Henrique Lins de Barros
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas - CBPF, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil
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Sepulchro AGV, de Barros HL, de Mota HOL, Berbereia KS, Huamani KPT, Lopes LCDS, Sudbrack V, Acosta-Avalos D. Magnetoreception in multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes: a new analysis of escape motility trajectories in different magnetic fields. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2020; 49:609-617. [PMID: 33033886 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-020-01467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Magnetotactic microorganisms can be found as unicellular prokaryotes, as cocci, vibrions, spirilla and rods, and as multicellular organisms. Multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes are magnetotactic microorganisms composed by several magnetotactic bacteria organized almost in a spherical helix, and one of the most studied is Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis. Several studies have shown that Ca. M. multicellularis displays forms of behavior not well explained by magnetotaxis. One of these is escape motility, also known as "ping-pong" motion. Studies done in the past associated the "ping-pong" motion to some magnetoreceptive behavior, but those studies were never replicated. In the present manuscript a characterization of escape motility trajectories of Ca. M. multicellularis was done for several magnetic fields, considering that this microorganism swims in cylindrical helical trajectories. It was observed that the escape motility can be separated into three phases: (I) when the microorganism jumps from the drop border, (II) where the microorganism moves almost perpendicular to the magnetic field and (III) when the microorganism returns to the drop border. The total time of the whole escape motility, the time spent in phase II and the displacement distance in phase I decreases when the magnetic field increases. Our results show that the escape motility has several characteristics that depend on the magnetic field and cannot be understood by magnetotaxis, with a magnetoreceptive mechanism being the best explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gabriela Veiga Sepulchro
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Henrique Lins de Barros
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas-CBPF, rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Henrique Oliveira Leiras de Mota
- Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n-Bela Vista, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Karen Shiroiva Berbereia
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário da UFJF, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Katterine Patricia Taipe Huamani
- Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), calle Germán Amézaga 375, Cuidad Universitaria, Lima 1, Perú
| | - Lis Carneiro da Silva Lopes
- Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n-Bela Vista, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Vitor Sudbrack
- Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (IFT/UNESP), Rua Dr Teobaldo Ferraz 271, São Paulo, SP, 01140-070, Brazil
| | - Daniel Acosta-Avalos
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas-CBPF, rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil.
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Sales MVG, Lima BS, Acosta-Avalos D. U-turn time and velocity dependence on the wavelength of light: multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes of different sizes behave differently. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2020; 49:633-642. [PMID: 33094363 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-020-01472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis' is a multicellular magnetotactic prokaryote found in the Araruama lagoon in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This microorganism shows a photokinesis that depends on the incident light wavelength, but that dependence can be canceled by the presence of radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields. The present manuscript has as its aim to study the effect of light wavelength and RF fields on the U-turn time of 'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis', a behavior more related to magnetotaxis. As the experiments were performed during the night, the microorganisms were greater in size than normal, indicating that they were in the process of division. Our results show that when normal in size, the microorganism's U-turn time is modified by the light wavelength (lower for blue light than for green and red light), but RF fields do not affect that U-turn time dependence on the light wavelength. For the microorganism in the process of division, we describe for the first time how the photokinesis and U-turn time dependence on the light wavelength disappear. It is proposed that methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins are involved in that light wavelength dependence for the U-turn time, but still more studies are necessary to understand how RF fields cancel the photokinesis light wavelength dependence, but do not affect the dependence of the U-turn time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Silva Lima
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, CBPF, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Daniel Acosta-Avalos
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, CBPF, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil.
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