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Nel WJ, Randolph C, Paap T, Hurley BP, Slippers B, Barnes I, Wingfield MJ. Fusarium species associated with Euwallacea xanthopus in South Africa, including two novel species. Mycologia 2024:1-20. [PMID: 39325991 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2394758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are small wood-boring insects that live in an obligate symbiosis with fungi, which serve as their primary food source. Beetles residing in the genus Euwallacea have evolved a unique association with a clade of Fusarium that falls within the aptly named Ambrosia Fusarium Clade (AFC). The discovery of the invasive polyphagous shot hole borer, E. fornicatus, in South Africa, has heightened awareness of ambrosia beetles and their symbionts in the country. In this study, we investigated the Fusarium symbionts of three species of Euwallacea in South Africa, with a specific focus on those associated with E. xanthopus. Isolations of Fusarium strains from both living and dissected beetles yielded nearly 100 isolates. Using multigene phylogenetic analyses, these isolates were identified as six different Fusarium species. Fusarium hypothenemi and F. euwallaceae have previously been reported from South Africa. Fusarium pseudensiforme and Fusarium AF-6 are new records for the country. The remaining two species are new to science and are described here as F. rufum sp. nov. and F. floriferum sp. nov. Targeted fungal isolation from specific beetle body parts revealed that the AFC species collected were typically associated with the dissected beetle heads and helped us identify the likely nutritional symbiont of E. xanthopus. This study highlights the understudied diversity of fungal associates of ambrosia beetles present in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma J Nel
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Claire Randolph
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Trudy Paap
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Brett P Hurley
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Bernard Slippers
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Irene Barnes
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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Jankowiak R, Solheim H, Bilański P, Mukhopadhyay J, Hausner G. Ceratocystiopsis spp. associated with pine- and spruce-infesting bark beetles in Norway. Mycol Prog 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-022-01808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe genus Ceratocystiopsis (Ophiostomatales, Ascomycota) includes 21 species, which can be found mainly in association with bark beetles in the Northern Hemisphere. A survey of Ceratocystiopsis species associated with bark beetles infesting Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris in Norway yielded 126 isolates, representing Ceratocystiopsis neglecta and Ceratocystiopsis rollhanseniana, and four species described herein as Ceratocystiopsis chalcographii, Ceratocystiopsis debeeria, Ceratocystiopsis norroenii and Ceratocystiopsis troendelagii. The new taxa were morphologically characterised and phylogenetically analysed on the basis of sequence data of multiple loci (ITS, LSU, beta-tubulin (TUB2), calmodulin (CAL) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1) genes). Ceratocystiopsis norroenii and C. rollhanseniana were the most frequently isolated species, and the latter species had the wider vector range.
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Inácio ML, Marcelino J, Lima A, Sousa E, Nóbrega F. Ceratocystiopsis quercina sp. nov. Associated with Platypus cylindrus on Declining Quercus suber in Portugal. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:750. [PMID: 35625478 PMCID: PMC9139077 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Platypus cylindrus is the most common ambrosia beetle in stands of Quercus suber in Portugal. This insect farms specialized fungi in sapwood galleries, using its mycangia to carry and store these organisms. Some ectosymbiotic fungi carried by P. cylindrus are phytopathogenic and cause extensive tree mortality and severe economic losses. To understand the role of P. cylindrus fungal symbionts in stands of Q. suber we examined beetle galleries present in declining and/or dying cork oak trees during field surveys. Logs with active galleries were obtained in situ and from captured emerging beetles. Insects were aseptically dissected, and their mycangia and intestine were retrieved. Morphological and molecular profiles of fungal isolates obtained from cultured insect parts were carried out to accurately characterize and identify isolated fungi. Molecular characterizations were performed with DNA sequence data from four loci, i.e., LSU, SSU, 5.8S-ITS2-28S, and TUB. Morphological results consistently showed a collection of Ophiostoma-like fungal axenic isolates, while phylogenies inferred that this collection constitutes an undescribed taxon reported herein for the first time in association with P. cylindrus in Portuguese cork oak stands. The novel species was erected as Ceratocystiopsis quercina sp. nov. and constitutes a new phytopathogenic fungal species associated with symptoms of vegetative cork oak decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L. Inácio
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal; (E.S.); (F.N.)
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQN NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - José Marcelino
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA;
| | - Arlindo Lima
- LEAF—Linking Environment Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), University of Lisbon, Tapada de Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal;
- LPVVA—Laboratório de Patologia Vegetal “Veríssimo de Almeida”, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Edmundo Sousa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal; (E.S.); (F.N.)
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQN NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Filomena Nóbrega
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal; (E.S.); (F.N.)
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Morphological and Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal a New Species of Ceratocystiopsis (Ophiostomataceae, Ophiostomatales) Associated with Ips subelongatus in Inner Mongolia (China) with Weak Host Pathogenicity. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12121795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ophiostomatoid fungi are known for their associations with bark beetles, and some species are important sources of tree diseases. Ceratocystiopsis is a genus of the ophiostomatoid fungi in order Ophiostomatales. The shortage of DNA barcodes for many species in this genus has resulted in the presence of many unnamed cryptic species. In this study, Ceratocystiopsis subelongati sp. nov. associated with Ips subelongatus infesting Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in Inner Mongolia, China, was identified and described based on phylogenetic inference of multi-gene DNA sequences and morphological characteristics. The species is characterized by a hyalorhinocladiella- to sporothrix-like asexual state and an optimal growth temperature of 30 °C. Artificial inoculation tests in the field showed that it is mildly pathogenic to five-year-old larch trees, the main host of I. subelongatus. It is also the first described Ceratocystiopsis species associated with I. subelongatus in China. This discovery should provide new avenues for studying the symbiosis between bark beetles and ophiostomatoid fungi.
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Chang R, Zhang X, Si H, Zhao G, Yuan X, Liu T, Bose T, Dai M. Ophiostomatoid species associated with pine trees ( Pinus spp.) infested by Cryphaluspiceae from eastern China, including five new species. MycoKeys 2021; 83:181-208. [PMID: 34720643 PMCID: PMC8528803 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.83.70925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryphaluspiceae attacks various economically important conifers. Similar to other bark beetles, Cr.piceae plays a role as a vector for an assortment of fungi and nematodes. Previously, several ophiostomatoid fungi were isolated from Cr.piceae in Poland and Japan. In the present study, we explored the diversity of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with Cr.piceae infesting pines in the Shandong Province of China. We isolated ophiostomatoid fungi from both galleries and beetles collected from our study sites. These fungal isolates were identified using both molecular and morphological data. In this study, we recovered 175 isolates of ophiostomatoid fungi representing seven species. Ophiostomaips was the most frequently isolated species. Molecular and morphological data indicated that five ophiostomatoid fungal species recovered were previously undescribed. Thus, we proposed these five novel species as Ceratocystiopsisyantaiensis, C.weihaiensis, Graphilbumtranslucens, Gr.niveum, and Sporothrixvillosa. These new ophiostomatoid fungi add to the increasing number of fungi known from China, and this evidence suggests that numerous novel taxa are awaiting discovery in other forests of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runlei Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China Shandong Normal University Jinan China
| | - Xiuyu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China Shandong Normal University Jinan China
| | - Hongli Si
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China Shandong Normal University Jinan China
| | - Guoyan Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China Shandong Normal University Jinan China
| | - Xiaowen Yuan
- Kunyushan Forest Farm, Yantai 264112, China Kunyushan Forest Farm Yantai China
| | - Tengteng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China Shandong Normal University Jinan China
| | - Tanay Bose
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Department of Biochemistry, Genetics & Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Meixue Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China Shandong Normal University Jinan China
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Peris D, Delclòs X, Jordal B. Origin and evolution of fungus farming in wood-boring Coleoptera - a palaeontological perspective. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2476-2488. [PMID: 34159702 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Insect-fungus mutualism is one of the better-studied symbiotic interactions in nature. Ambrosia fungi are an ecological assemblage of unrelated fungi that are cultivated by ambrosia beetles in their galleries as obligate food for larvae. Despite recently increased research interest, it remains unclear which ecological factors facilitated the origin of fungus farming, and how it transformed into a symbiotic relationship with obligate dependency. It is clear from phylogenetic analyses that this symbiosis evolved independently many times in several beetle and fungus lineages. However, there is a mismatch between palaeontological and phylogenetic data. Herein we review, for the first time, the ambrosia system from a palaeontological perspective. Although largely ignored, families such as Lymexylidae and Bostrichidae should be included in the list of ambrosia beetles because some of their species cultivate ambrosia fungi. The estimated origin for some groups of ambrosia fungi during the Cretaceous concurs with a known high diversity of Lymexylidae and Bostrichidae at that time. Although potentially older, the greatest radiation of various ambrosia beetle lineages occurred in the weevil subfamilies Scolytinae and Platypodinae during the Eocene. In this review we explore the evolutionary relationship between ambrosia beetles, fungi and their host trees, which is likely to have persisted for longer than previously supposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Peris
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Bonn, Nussallee 8, Bonn, 53115, Germany.,Department of Earth and Ocean Dynamics, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès s/n, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Xavier Delclòs
- Department of Earth and Ocean Dynamics, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès s/n, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Bjarte Jordal
- Museum of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, Haakon Sheteligs plass 10, Bergen, N-5007, Norway
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