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Fan S, Wang M, Ding W, Li YX, Zhang YZ, Zhang W. Scientific and technological progress in the microbial exploration of the hadal zone. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:127-137. [PMID: 37073349 PMCID: PMC10077178 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-021-00110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The hadal zone is the deepest point in the ocean with a depth that exceeds 6000 m. Exploration of the biological communities in hadal zone began in the 1950s (the first wave of hadal exploration) and substantial advances have been made since the turn of the twenty-first century (the second wave of hadal exploration), resulting in a focus on the hadal sphere as a research hotspot because of its unique physical and chemical conditions. A variety of prokaryotes are found in the hadal zone. The mechanisms used by these prokaryotes to manage the high hydrostatic pressures and acquire energy from the environment are of substantial interest. Moreover, the symbioses between microbes and hadal animals have barely been studied. In addition, equipment has been developed that can now mimic hadal environments in the laboratory and allow cultivation of microbes under simulated in situ pressure. This review provides a brief summary of recent progress in the mechanisms by which microbes adapt to high hydrostatic pressures, manage limited energy resources and coexist with animals in the hadal zone, as well as technical developments in the exploration of hadal microbial life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Fan
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Wei Ding
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong-Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Weipeng Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
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Wang F, Wan JJ, Zhang XY, Xin Y, Sun ML, Wang P, Zhang WP, Tian JW, Zhang YZ, Li CY, Fu HH. Halomonas profundi sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediment of the Mariana Trench. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel Gram-stain-negative, facultative anaerobic, non-flagellated, rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated MT13T and MT32, were isolated from sediment samples collected from the Mariana Trench at a depth of 8300 m. The two strains grew at −2–30 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 5.5–10.0 (optimum, pH 7.5–8.0) and with 0–15 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3–6 %). They did not reduce nitrate to nitrite nor hydrolyse Tweens 40 and 80, aesculin, casein, starch and DNA. The genomic G+C contents of draft genomes of strain MT13T and MT32 were 52.2 and 54.1 m ol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains MT13T and MT32 were affiliated with the genus
Halomonas
, with the highest similarity to the type strain of
Halomonas olivaria
. The values of average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization between strain MT13T and MT32, and between strain MT13T and five closely related type strains of
Halomonas
species indicated that strains MT13T and MT32 belonged to the same species, but represented a novel species in the genus of
Halomonas
. The major cellular fatty acids of strains MT13T and MT32 were C16 : 0, summed feature 3(C16 : 1
ω7c/ω6c) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω7c/ω6c). Major polar lipids of strains MT13T and MT32 included phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol. Ubiquinone-9 was the predominant respiratory quinone. Based on data from the present polyphasic study, strains MT13T and MT32 represent a novel species of the genus
Halomonas
, for which the name Halomonas profundi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MT13T (=MCCC 1K06389T=KCTC 82923T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Jin-Jian Wan
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Xi-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, PR China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Yu Xin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, and Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Mei-Ling Sun
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Wei-Peng Zhang
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Ji-Wei Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, PR China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Chun-Yang Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Hui-Hui Fu
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
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