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Yang J, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Ren M, Wang Y, Duan Y, Gao Y, Liu Z, Zhang P, Fan R, Zhou X. The development of an egg-soaking method for delivering dsRNAs into spider mites. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 201:105905. [PMID: 38685227 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the first sprayable RNAi biopesticide, Ledprona, against the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, has been registered at the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae), a group of destructive agricultural and horticultural pests, are notorious for rapid development of insecticide/acaricide resistance. The management options, on the other hand, are extremely limited. RNAi-based biopesticides offer a promising control alternative to address this emerging issue. In this study, we i) developed an egg-soaking dsRNA delivery method; ii) evaluated the factors influencing RNAi efficiency, and finally iii) investigated the potential mode of entry of this newly developed egg-soaking RNAi method. In comparison to other dsRNA delivery methods, egg-soaking method was the most efficient, convenient/practical, and cost-effective method for delivering dsRNAs into spider mites. RNAi efficiency of this RNAi method was affected by target genes, dsRNA concentration, developmental stages, and mite species. In general, the hawthorn spider mite, Amphitetranychus viennensis, is more sensitive to RNAi than the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, and both of them have dose-dependent RNAi effect. For different life stages, egg and larvae are the most sensitive life stages to dsRNAs. For different target genes, there is no apparent association between the suppression level and the resultant phenotype. Finally, we demonstrated that this egg-soaking RNAi method acts as both stomach and contact toxicity. Our combined results demonstrate the effectiveness of a topically applied dsRNA delivery method, and the potential of a spray induced gene silencing (SIGS) method as a control alternative for spider mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yuying Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhonghuan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Meifeng Ren
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuanpeng Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhongfang Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Pengjiu Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Renjun Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, School of Integrative Biology, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA..
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Yang J, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Gao Y, Liu Z, Zhang P, Fan R, Xing S, Zhou X. Target gene selection for RNAi-based biopesticides against the hawthorn spider mite, Amphitetranychus viennensis (Acari: Tetranychidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:2482-2492. [PMID: 36866409 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, RNA interference (RNAi)-based biopesticide, a species-specific pest control alternative, has been deregulated and commercialized in the US and Canada. The hawthorn spider mite, Amphitetranychus viennensis Zacher, is a major pest for rosaceous plants, which has been controlled primarily by synthetic pesticides. To address the emerging resistance issues in A. viennensis, we initiated a project to develop RNAi-based biopesticides. RESULTS In this study, we (i) developed a dietary RNAi system for A. viennensis using leaf disc, (ii) assessed the suitability of multiple control genes to distinguish sequence-specific silencing from non-specific effects within this RNAi system, and (iii) screened for the target gene candidates. As a result, β-Glucuronidase (GUS), an enzyme derived from E. coli and a broadly used reporter for plants is the appropriate control for A. viennensis RNAi, while green fluorescent protein (GFP), is not suitable due to its significantly higher mortality than the other controls. For target gene screening, suppression was confirmed for all the candidates, including two housekeeping genes (Vacuolar-type H + -ATPase subunit A (V-ATPase A) and Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, (GAPDH)), and three genes associated with development (ATP-dependent RNA Helicase DDX3Y (Belle), CREB-binding protein (CBP), and Farnesoic acid O-methyltransferase (FaMet)). Knocking down of V-ATPase A resulted in the highest mortality (~ 90%) and reduced fecundity (over 90%) than other candidates. As for the genes associated with development, suppression of Belle and CBP, led to approximately 65% mortality, as well as 86% and 40% reduction in fecundity, respectively. Silencing of FaMet, however, had negligible biological impacts on A. viennensis. CONCLUSION The combined efforts not only establish an effective dsRNA delivery method, but also provide potential target genes for RNAi-based biopesticides against A. viennensis, a devastating invasive pest for fruit trees and woody ornamental plants throughout Asia and Europe. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhongfang Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, China
| | - Pengjiu Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, China
| | - Renjun Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuping Xing
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Teodoro AV, Pallini A, Oliveira C. Sub-lethal effects of fenbutatin oxide on prey location by the predatory mite Iphiseiodes zuluagai (Acari: Phytoseiidae). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2009; 47:293-299. [PMID: 19009359 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-008-9219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We used a Y-tube olfactometer to assess the sub-lethal effects of the acaricide fenbutatin oxide on the olfactory response of the predatory mite Iphiseiodes zuluagai towards odours from: (1) air or undamaged coffee plants; (2) undamaged or red spider mite Oligonychus ilicis-infested coffee plants; (3) undamaged or false spider mite Brevipalpus phoenicis-infested coffee plants. Predatory mite adult females were exposed to residues of fenbutatin oxide or distilled water on leaf discs during a period of 72 h prior experiments. When exposed to distilled water (control treatments), predatory mites significantly preferred undamaged plants over air, O. ilicis-infested plants over undamaged plants, and they did not prefer B. phoenicis-infested plants over undamaged plants. However, predatory mites that had been exposed to residues of fenbutatin oxide were neither attracted towards undamaged plants nor to O. ilicis-infested plants. Thus, fenbutatin oxide affected negatively the olfactory response of I. zuluagai. We conclude that sub-lethal-effect studies should be considered in pesticide selectivity programs since the ability of predatory mites to locate their prey may be negatively affected by non-lethal concentrations of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adenir V Teodoro
- Animal Biology Department/Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36571-000, Brazil.
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Herrmann I, Kultje C, Holm S, Lekholm U. A Study on Variances in Multivariate Analyses of Oral Implant Outcome. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2007; 9:6-14. [PMID: 17362492 DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2006.00026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elaborate studies have shown that interdependency exists between implants being placed in the same patient/jaw. Therefore, interdependency ought to be an important aspect to address, whenever performing statistical analyses of oral implant outcomes. A Jackknife method could be an option when conducting statistical evaluations of oral implant failure prognoses. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a statistical difference can be detected by using the Jackknife method in conjunction with life table analyses and/or a log rank test of four different combinations of jaw density and quantity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four multicenter studies were pooled and adjusted in order to create a research database consisting of 486 patients and 1,737 implants in preparation for the Jackknife resampling method. Combinations of jaw shapes and bone qualities were constructed to select at-risk patients. STATISTICAL METHODS Life tables with confidence intervals were calculated and a log rank test was used to determine whether a statistical difference between the combinations could be established. RESULTS Both statistical analyses, after the Jackknife resampling method, showed that patients with poor bone quality and resorbed jaws (combination IV) had a statistically higher risk of implant failure. CONCLUSION By rearranging data using the Jackknife method, standardized statistical tests seem to work well even when the study population tested was affected by interdependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Herrmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
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