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Vázquez-González C, Quiroga V, Martín-Cacheda L, Rasmann S, Röder G, Abdala-Roberts L, Moreira X. Effect of herbivore load on VOC-mediated plant communication in potato. PLANTA 2023; 257:42. [PMID: 36683092 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
VOC emissions increased with herbivore load, but this did not result in concomitant increases in resistance in neighbouring plants, suggesting that communication occurred independently of herbivore load in emitter plants. Herbivore-damaged plants emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can alert neighbours and boost their resistance. While VOC-mediated plant communication has been shown to be herbivore-specific, we know little about its contingency on variation in herbivore load. To address this knowledge gap, we tested herbivore load effects on VOC-mediated communication between potato plants (Solanum tuberosum) using the generalist herbivore Spodoptera exigua. First, we tested whether herbivore load (three levels: undamaged control, low, and high load) affected total VOC emissions and composition. Second, we matched emitter and receiver plants and subjected emitters to the same herbivore load treatments. Finally, we performed a bioassay with S. exigua on receivers to test for induced resistance due to VOC-mediated communication. We found that herbivory significantly increased total VOC emissions relative to control plants, and that such increase was greater under high herbivore load. In contrast, we found no detectable effect of herbivory, regardless of the load, on VOC composition. The communication experiment showed that VOCs released by herbivore-induced emitters boosted resistance in receivers (i.e., lower leaf damage than receivers exposed to VOCs released by control emitters), but the magnitude of such effect was similar for both levels of emitter herbivore load. These findings suggest that changes in VOCs due to variation in herbivore load do not modify the outcomes of plant communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Vázquez-González
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado de Correos 28, 36080, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Violeta Quiroga
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado de Correos 28, 36080, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain
| | - Lucía Martín-Cacheda
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado de Correos 28, 36080, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain
| | - Sergio Rasmann
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Röder
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Luis Abdala-Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná, 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Xoaquín Moreira
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado de Correos 28, 36080, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain
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Takabayashi J. Herbivory-Induced Plant Volatiles Mediate Multitrophic Relationships in Ecosystems. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1344-1355. [PMID: 35866611 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herbivory-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are involved in biotic interactions among plants as well as herbivorous and carnivorous arthropods. This review looks at the specificity in plant-carnivore communication mediated by specific blends of HIPVs as well as describes plant-herbivore and plant-plant communication mediated by specific HIPVs. Factors affecting the net benefits of HIPV production have also been examined. These specific means of communication results in high complexity in the 'interaction-information network', which should be explored further to elucidate the mechanism underlying the numerous species coexisting in ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Takabayashi
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 2-509-3, Hirano, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113 Japan
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3
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Response of Aphid Parasitoids to Volatile Organic Compounds from Undamaged and Infested Brassica oleracea with Myzus persicae. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051522. [PMID: 35268623 PMCID: PMC8911704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Headspace solid microextraction (HS-SPME) and GC-MS were used to investigate volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from cabbage plants infested and uninfested with green peach aphid Myzus persicae. The HS-SPME combined with GC-MS analysis of the volatiles described the differences between the infested and uninfested cabbage. Overall, 28 compounds were detected in infested and uninfested cabbage. Some VOCs released from infested cabbage were greater than uninfested plants and increased the quantity of the composition from infested plants. According to the peak area from the GC-MS analysis, the VOCs from infested cabbage consisted of propane, 2-methoxy, alpha- and beta pinene, myrcene, 1-hexanone, 5-methyl-1-phenyl-, limonene, decane, gamma-terpinen and heptane, 2,4,4-trimethyl. All these volatiles were higher in the infested cabbage compared with their peak area in the uninfested cabbage. The results of the study using a Y-shape olfactometer revealed that the VOCs produced by infested cabbage attracted Myzus persicae substantially more than uninfested plants or clean air. The percentage of aphid choice was 80% in favor of infested cabbage; 7% were attracted to the clean air choice and uninfested plants. A total of aphids 7% were attracted to clean air. Comparing between infested and uninfested cabbage plants, the aphid was attracted to 63% of the infested cabbage, versus 57% of the uninfested cabbage. The preferences of Aphidus colemani and Aphelinus abdominalis to the infested or uninfested plants with M. persicae and compared with clean air indicated that parasitoids could discriminate the infested cabbage. Both parasitoids significantly responded to the plant odor and were attracted to 86.6% of the infested cabbage plants.
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Giuliani C, Bottoni M, Ascrizzi R, Milani F, Falsini S, Papini A, Flamini G, Fico G. Micromorphological and phytochemical survey of Ballota acetabulosa (L.) Benth. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:643-652. [PMID: 33742746 PMCID: PMC8252575 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Within the Open Science project entitled 'Botanic Garden, factory of molecules', a multidisciplinary study approach was applied to Ballota acetabulosa (L.) Benth., at the Ghirardi Botanic Garden (Toscolano Maderno, BS, Italy). Micromorphological and histochemical investigations were performed on the secreting structures of the vegetative and reproductive organs under light, fuorescence and electronic microscopy. Concurrently the characterization of the volatiles spontaneously emitted from leaves and flowers were examined. Four trichome morphotypes were identified: peltate and short-stalked, medium-stalked and long-stalked capitate trichomes, each with a specific distribution pattern. The histochemical analysis was confirmed using ultrastructural observations, with the peltates and long-stalked capitates as the main sites responsible for terpene production. The head-space characterization revealed that sesquiterpene hydrocarbons dominated both in leaves and flowers, with γ-muurolene, β-caryophyllene and (E)-nerolidol as the most abundant compounds. Moreover, a comparison with literature data concerning the ecological roles of the main compounds suggested their dominant roles in defence, both at the leaf and flower level. Hence, we correlated the trichome morphotypes with the production of secondary metabolites in an attempt to link these data to their potential ecological roles. Finally, we made the obtained scientific knowledge available to visitors of the Botanic Garden through the realization of new labelling dedicated to B. acetabulosa that highlights the 'invisible', microscopic features of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Giuliani
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of MilanVia Mangiagalli 25I‐20133MilanItaly
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhirardi Botanic GardenUniversity of MilanVia Religione 25I‐25088Toscolano Maderno, BresciaItaly
| | - M. Bottoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of MilanVia Mangiagalli 25I‐20133MilanItaly
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhirardi Botanic GardenUniversity of MilanVia Religione 25I‐25088Toscolano Maderno, BresciaItaly
| | - R. Ascrizzi
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of PisaVia Bonanno 6I‐56126PisaItaly
| | - F. Milani
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of MilanVia Mangiagalli 25I‐20133MilanItaly
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhirardi Botanic GardenUniversity of MilanVia Religione 25I‐25088Toscolano Maderno, BresciaItaly
| | - S. Falsini
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FlorenceVia La Pira 4I‐50121FlorenceItaly
| | - A. Papini
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FlorenceVia La Pira 4I‐50121FlorenceItaly
| | - G. Flamini
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of PisaVia Bonanno 6I‐56126PisaItaly
| | - G. Fico
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of MilanVia Mangiagalli 25I‐20133MilanItaly
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhirardi Botanic GardenUniversity of MilanVia Religione 25I‐25088Toscolano Maderno, BresciaItaly
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5
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Giuliani C, Bottoni M, Ascrizzi R, Santagostini L, Papini A, Flamini G, Fico G. A novel study approach on Scutellaria altissima L. cultivated at the Ghirardi Botanic Garden (Lombardy, Italy). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:1013-1021. [PMID: 32772473 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Within an Open Science project, research was carried out to describe to the public of the Ghirardi Botanic Garden (BS, Lombardy, Italy) the invisible features of plants. This work is dedicated to Scutellaria altissima L. (Lamiaceae). Micromorphological, histochemical and phytochemical investigations were conducted on the vegetative and reproductive organs to correlate the structures involved in the emission of substances and their unique productivity. This work reports volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles of leaves and flowers and the composition of essential oil (EO) obtained from aerial parts of plants cultivated in Italy that have never been described before. Three morphotypes of glandular trichomes were observed: peltate, short-stalked capitate and long-stalked capitate. Peltate trichomes were the main producers of terpenes, short-stalked capitates of polysaccharides and long-stalked capitates of terpenes and polyphenols. The leaf VOC profile showed heterogeneous composition, with non-terpene derivatives as the major chemical class (71.04%), while monoterpene hydrocarbons represented almost the totality of the flower (99.73%). The leaf presented a higher number of total (37 versus 11) and exclusive (33 versus 7) compounds. (Z)-3-Hexenol acetate was most abundant in the leaf and (E)-β-ocimene in the flower. Four common compounds were detected: β-pinene, β-caryophyllene, γ-muurolene and germacrene-D. The EO contaied 21 compounds, dominated by β-caryophyllene, linalool and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone. This research allowed us to correlate morphotypes of the secretory structures with the production of secondary metabolites, with the aim of providing the public of the Ghirardi Botanic Garden with a dedicated iconographic approach, which accounts for olfactory perception linked to S. altissima.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Giuliani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghirardi Botanic Garden, University of Milan, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Bottoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghirardi Botanic Garden, University of Milan, Brescia, Italy
| | - R Ascrizzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Santagostini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Papini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - G Flamini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Fico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghirardi Botanic Garden, University of Milan, Brescia, Italy
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6
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Yáñez-Serrano AM, Bourtsoukidis E, Alves EG, Bauwens M, Stavrakou T, Llusià J, Filella I, Guenther A, Williams J, Artaxo P, Sindelarova K, Doubalova J, Kesselmeier J, Peñuelas J. Amazonian biogenic volatile organic compounds under global change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:4722-4751. [PMID: 32445424 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) play important roles at cellular, foliar, ecosystem and atmospheric levels. The Amazonian rainforest represents one of the major global sources of BVOCs, so its study is essential for understanding BVOC dynamics. It also provides insights into the role of such large and biodiverse forest ecosystem in regional and global atmospheric chemistry and climate. We review the current information on Amazonian BVOCs and identify future research priorities exploring biogenic emissions and drivers, ecological interactions, atmospheric impacts, depositional processes and modifications to BVOC dynamics due to changes in climate and land cover. A feedback loop between Amazonian BVOCs and the trends of climate and land-use changes in Amazonia is then constructed. Satellite observations and model simulation time series demonstrate the validity of the proposed loop showing a combined effect of climate change and deforestation on BVOC emission in Amazonia. A decreasing trend of isoprene during the wet season, most likely due to forest biomass loss, and an increasing trend of the sesquiterpene to isoprene ratio during the dry season suggest increasing temperature stress-induced emissions due to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Yáñez-Serrano
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Efstratios Bourtsoukidis
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Multiphase Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eliane G Alves
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Maite Bauwens
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Joan Llusià
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Iolanda Filella
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Alex Guenther
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Multiphase Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paulo Artaxo
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katerina Sindelarova
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Atmospheric Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Doubalova
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Atmospheric Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Modelling and Assessment Department, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jürgen Kesselmeier
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Multiphase Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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7
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Giuliani C, Bottoni M, Ascrizzi R, Santagostini L, Papini A, Flamini G, Fico G. Scutellaria brevibracteata subsp. subvelutina (Rech.f.) Greuter & Burdet: morphological and phytochemical characterization. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:54-62. [PMID: 32380872 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1761363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A micromorphological and phytochemical survey was performed on Scutellaria brevibracteata subsp. subvelutina cultivated in Italy. The indumentum of the vegetative and reproductive organs was investigated: peltate, short-, medium- and long-stalked capitates were described. Histochemistry evidenced similar results for peltates and long-stalked capitates, differences for short and medium capitates. For the first time, this work reported the characterization of volatile organic compounds from leaves and flowers, along with the first analysis of the essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of Italian samples. The floral profile resulted more complex than the foliar one, due to the higher number of the total compounds (40 vs 27) and of the exclusive constituents (24 vs 11). 16 common compounds were detected, with β-caryophyllene as the most abundant. The essential oil was characterized by 23 compounds, with β-caryophyllene dominating. The peltates, the medium and the long-stalked capitates resulted the producers of the investigated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Giuliani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno (Brescia), Italy
| | - Martina Bottoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno (Brescia), Italy
| | | | | | - Alessio Papini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Guido Flamini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Fico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Toscolano Maderno (Brescia), Italy
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8
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Fabisch T, Gershenzon J, Unsicker SB. Specificity of Herbivore Defense Responses in a Woody Plant, Black Poplar (Populus nigra). J Chem Ecol 2019; 45:162-177. [PMID: 30788656 PMCID: PMC6469625 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-019-01050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The specificity of woody plant defense responses to different attacking herbivores is poorly known. We investigated the responses of black poplar (Populus nigra) to leaf feeding by three lepidopteran species (Lymantria dispar, Laothoe populi and Amata mogadorensis) and two leaf beetle species (Phratora vulgatissima and Chrysomela populi). Of the direct defenses monitored, increases in trypsin protease inhibitor activity and the salicinoid salicin were triggered by herbivore damage, but this was not herbivore-specific. Moreover, the majority of leaf salicinoid content was present constitutively and not induced by herbivory. On the other hand, volatile emission profiles did vary among herbivore species, especially between coleopterans and lepidopterans. Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were induced in damaged and adjacent undamaged leaves, while the emission of green leaf volatiles, aromatic and nitrogen-containing compounds (known to attract herbivore enemies) was restricted to damaged leaves. In conclusion, indirect defenses appear to show more specific responses to attacking herbivores than direct defenses in this woody plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fabisch
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sybille B Unsicker
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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9
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Silva RF, Rabeschini GBP, Peinado GLR, Cosmo LG, Rezende LHG, Murayama RK, Pareja M. The Ecology of Plant Chemistry and Multi-Species Interactions in Diversified Agroecosystems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1713. [PMID: 30524464 PMCID: PMC6262048 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, our knowledge of how ecological interactions shape the structure and dynamics of natural communities has rapidly advanced. Plant chemical traits play key roles in these processes because they mediate a diverse range of direct and indirect interactions in a community-wide context. Many chemically mediated interactions have been extensively studied in industrial cropping systems, and thus have focused on simplified, pairwise and linear interactions that rarely incorporate a community perspective. A contrasting approach considers the agroecosystem as a functioning whole, in which food production occurs. It offers an opportunity to better understand how plant chemical traits mediate complex interactions which can enhance or hinder ecosystem functions. In this paper, we argue that studying chemically mediated interactions in agroecosystems is essential to comprehend how agroecosystem services emerge and how they can be guaranteed through ecosystem management. First, we discuss how plant chemical traits affect and are affected by ecological interactions. We then explore research questions and future directions on how studying chemical mediation in complex agroecosystems can help us understand the emergence and management of ecosystem services, specifically biological control and pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo F Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriela B P Rabeschini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro G Cosmo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luiz H G Rezende
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rafael K Murayama
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Martín Pareja
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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