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Alvares FBV, Meireles VSRV, da Silva JT, Ferreira LC, Rodrigues JA, Bezerra RA, Lima BA, Feitosa TF, Vilela VLR. Laboratory diagnosis of mange-causing mites in dogs using a modified centrifugation-flotation technique in sucrose solution. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2021; 85:41-48. [PMID: 34557977 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-021-00659-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Among the skin disorders of dogs, scabies is notable for its high occurrence rate and the need for veterinary interventions. There are two obstacles to making this diagnosis through direct investigation under a microscope (DIM): the continual need to make new slides when the results are negative and the long time needed for reading these slides. Thus, the objective of the present study was to compare efficacy between DIM and the technique of centrifugation-flotation in sucrose solution (CFSS) in samples from dogs in the semiarid region of the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Samples from 136 dogs were used, and three slides were made for each examination (DIM and CFSS). The readings were halted in cases of positivity. Positive samples were obtained from 56.6% of the dogs (77/136), of which 76.6% (59/77) were positive through both techniques, 13% (10/77) only through DIM and 10.4% (8/77) only through CFSS. The positivity rate did not differ statistically between the techniques. CFSS showed higher quality of readings, due to the considerably fewer artifacts on the slides, thereby optimizing the reading time. Sensitivity (85.6%), specificity (88.1%), accuracy (86.8%), positive predictive value (88.1%) and negative predictive value (85.1%) were obtained and the kappa coefficient (0.73) was considered substantial. It was concluded that CFSS showed high diagnostic capacity for scabies, similar to that of DIM, with optimized reading time, fewer artifacts and better display of mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Boniedj Ventura Alvares
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba (IFPB), Sousa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Vivian Silva Rosa Veleda Meireles
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba (IFPB), Sousa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Juliana Trajano da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos, PB, Brazil
| | - Larissa Claudino Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos, PB, Brazil
| | - Jossiara Abrante Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos, PB, Brazil
| | - Roberto Alves Bezerra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos, PB, Brazil
| | - Brendo Andrade Lima
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba (IFPB), Sousa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Thais Ferreira Feitosa
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba (IFPB), Sousa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba (IFPB), Sousa, Paraíba, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos, PB, Brazil.
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Soman SP, Singh SK, Kumari P, Choudhury S, Singh A, Kanwal S, Khushboo R, Garg SK. Quantification of immuno-regulatory cytokine and toll-like receptors gene expression in dogs with generalized demodicosis. Vet Parasitol 2020; 280:109063. [PMID: 32151890 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of Demodex mites is mainly controlled by host immunity; however, the precised mechanism of host-mite interplay and host immune response in the cutaneous microenvironment of dogs with generalized demodicosis (GD) are not yet established. In the present study, we envisaged the alterations in the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and immuno-regulatory cytokine gene in the skin lesions and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of dogs with GD. The expression of TLR2, TLR6, IFN-γ, TGF-β and IL-10 genes in the skin lesions and PBMCs of 15 dogs with GD was quantified by qRT-PCR. Compared to healthy dogs, significantly elevated expression of TLR2 (P = 0.048), TGF-β (P = 0.04) and IL-10 (P = 0.012) were found in the PBMCs of dogs with GD. Conversely, there was significantly reduced expression of TLR6 gene (P = 0.021) in the PBMCs of these dogs. The infested dogs also revealed significantly elevated expression of TLR2 gene (P = 0.034) in the skin lesions, while, the expression of the TLR6 gene was found to be significantly (P = 0.004) reduced. Interestingly, significant alterations in TGF-β (P = 0.105) and IL-10 (P = 0.162) genes expression were not observed in the skin lesions of diseased dogs. Our findings suggest that Demodex mites contribute to a different systemic and cutaneous immune response in dogs for their proliferation, and consequently the development of GD. Therefore, Demodex mites might be inducing the immunosuppression through activating the systemic over-expression of immunosuppressive cytokines; however, in the cutaneous lesions, the expression of immunosuppressive cytokines remained unaltered. Both systemic and local over-expression of TLR2 and reduced expression of TLR6 genes might be responsible for the inflammatory signs of canine demodicosis and helping to the mite to escape the host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep P Soman
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001 UP, India
| | - Shanker K Singh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001 UP, India.
| | - Priyambada Kumari
- College of Biotechnology, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001 UP, India
| | - Soumen Choudhury
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001 UP, India
| | - Alok Singh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001 UP, India
| | - Sarita Kanwal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001 UP, India
| | - Richa Khushboo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001 UP, India
| | - Satish K Garg
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001 UP, India
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