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Xu L, Ren C, Qiang P, Zhao M, Wen X, Li J, Dou W, Feng K, He L. Differences in Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Binding Mediate Selectivity of Bifenazate toward Phytophagous and Predatory Mites. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:19699-19709. [PMID: 39190753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Bifenazate, a potent acaricide that targets mitochondrial complex III, exhibits selective toxicity (>280-fold) toward phytophagous mites versus predatory mites. Here, a systematic study was conducted to clarify the selective mechanism. Nontarget factors were excluded through epidermal penetration tests and assessment of detoxification enzymes' activities. Quantification of IC50 values, ATP content, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels revealed that differences in drug-target binding determine the toxicity selectivity. Structural modeling and molecular docking revealed that variations in key amino acid sites within the cytochrome b (cytb) target might regulate this selectivity, which was validated through a microscale thermophoresis assay. Significant disparities were observed in the binding affinity between bifenazate and recombinant cytb proteins derived from phytophagous mites and predatory mites. Mutating isoleucine 139 to leucine notably reduced the binding affinity of bifenazate to cytb. Insights into bifenazate selectivity between phytophagous and predatory mites inform a basis for developing compounds that target cytochrome b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, 400715 Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, 400712 Chongqing, China
| | - Changwei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, 400715 Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, 400712 Chongqing, China
| | - Peipei Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, 400715 Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, 400712 Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, 400715 Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, 400712 Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, 400715 Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, 400712 Chongqing, China
| | - Jinhang Li
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, 400715 Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, 400712 Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, 400715 Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, 400712 Chongqing, China
| | - Kaiyang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, 400715 Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, 400712 Chongqing, China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, 400715 Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, 400712 Chongqing, China
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Chen Y, Nguyen DT, Wheeler D, Herron GA. A novel mutation in mitochondrial cytochrome b conferring resistance to bifenazate in two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3612-3619. [PMID: 38451019 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae causes significant damage to ornamental, cotton, sugarcane and horticultural crops in Australia. It has a long history of developing resistance to many acaricides including bifenazate. A mutation in the conserved cd1- and ef-helices of the Qo pocket of cytochrome b is recognized as the primary mechanism of bifenazate resistance. To investigate the resistance mechanisms against bifenazate in Australian two-spotted spider mite, we sequenced the complete mitochondrion genome of five mite strains including a susceptible and bifenazate-resistant strain. RESULTS We identified a novel mutation D252N in the G126S background at cytochrome b being the cause of bifenazate resistance in a bifenazate-resistant strain, Bram. We validated the role of this mutation combination by reciprocal crosses between a bifenazate resistant and susceptible strain. By doing these crosses we confirmed the pattern of inheritance was maternal. Additionally, mitochondrial heteroplasmy was not observed by single mite genotyping of the mutations in cytb in a known bifenazate-resistant strain Bram. The phylogenetic analysis with the complete mitochondrion genome sequences revealed that Australian two-spotted spider mite strains are closely related to the green form of T. urticae found in China. CONCLUSIONS The novel mutation D252N found in the cytochrome b in the G126S background was revealed to be the main cause of bifenazate resistance in the Australian T. urticae strain Bram. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Chen
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Duong T Nguyen
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Wheeler
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Orange Agricultural Institute, Orange, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Grant A Herron
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia
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De Rouck S, İnak E, Dermauw W, Van Leeuwen T. A review of the molecular mechanisms of acaricide resistance in mites and ticks. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 159:103981. [PMID: 37391089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The Arachnida subclass of Acari comprises many harmful pests that threaten agriculture as well as animal health, including herbivorous spider mites, the bee parasite Varroa, the poultry mite Dermanyssus and several species of ticks. Especially in agriculture, acaricides are often used intensively to minimize the damage they inflict, promoting the development of resistance. Beneficial predatory mites used in biological control are also subjected to acaricide selection in the field. The development and use of new genetic and genomic tools such as genome and transcriptome sequencing, bulked segregant analysis (QTL mapping), and reverse genetics via RNAi or CRISPR/Cas9, have greatly increased our understanding of the molecular genetic mechanisms of resistance in Acari, especially in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae which emerged as a model species. These new techniques allowed to uncover and validate new resistance mutations in a larger range of species. In addition, they provided an impetus to start elucidating more challenging questions on mechanisms of gene regulation of detoxification associated with resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander De Rouck
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emre İnak
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Dıskapı, 06110, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Lu X, Vandenhole M, Tsakireli D, Pergantis SA, Vontas J, Jonckheere W, Van Leeuwen T. Increased metabolism in combination with the novel cytochrome b target-site mutation L258F confers cross-resistance between the Q o inhibitors acequinocyl and bifenazate in Tetranychus urticae. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:105411. [PMID: 37105638 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Acequinocyl and bifenazate are potent acaricides acting at the Qo site of complex III of the electron transport chain, but frequent applications of these acaricides have led to the development of resistance in spider mites. Target-site resistance caused by mutations in the conserved cd1- and ef-helices of the Qo pocket of cytochrome b has been elucidated as the main resistance mechanism. We therefore monitored Qo pocket mutations in European field populations of Tetranychus urticae and uncovered a new mutation, L258F. The role of this mutation was validated by revealing patterns of maternal inheritance and by the independently replicated introgression in an unrelated susceptible genetic background. However, the parental strain exhibited higher resistance levels than conferred by the mutation alone in isogenic lines, especially for acequinocyl, implying the involvement of strong additional resistance mechanisms. This was confirmed by revealing a polygenic inheritance pattern with classical genetic crosses and via synergism experiments. Therefore, a genome-wide expression analysis was conducted that identified a number of highly overexpressed detoxification genes, including many P450s. Functional expression revealed that the P450 CYP392A11 can metabolize bifenazate by hydroxylation of the ring structure. In conclusion, the novel cytochrome b target-site mutation L258F was uncovered in a recently collected field strain and its role in acequinocyl and bifenazate resistance was validated. However, the high level of resistance in this strain is most likely caused by a combination of target-site resistance and P450-based increased detoxification, potentially acting in synergism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Lu
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marilou Vandenhole
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dimitra Tsakireli
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology, Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, GR-700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Spiros A Pergantis
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - John Vontas
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology, Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, GR-700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Wim Jonckheere
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Shen XJ, Zhang YJ, Wang SY, Chen JC, Cao LJ, Gong YJ, Pang BS, Hoffmann AA, Wei SJ. A high-throughput KASP assay provides insights into the evolution of multiple resistant mutations in populations of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae across China. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1702-1712. [PMID: 36594581 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), is a cosmopolitan phytophagous pest in agriculture and horticulture. It has developed resistance to many acaricides by target-site mutations. Understanding the status and evolution of resistant mutations in the field is essential for resistance management. Here, we applied a high-throughput Kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) method for detecting six mutations conferring resistance to four acaricides of the TSSM. We genotyped 3274 female adults of TSSM from 43 populations collected across China in 2017, 2020, and 2021. RESULTS The KASP genotyping of 24 testing individuals showed 99% agreement with Sanger sequencing results. KASP assays showed that most populations had a high frequency of mutations conferring avermectin (G314D and G326E) and pyridaben (H92R) resistance. The frequency of mutation conferring bifenazate (A269V and G126S) and etoxazole (I1017F) resistance was relatively low. Multiple mutations were common in the TSSM, with 70.2% and 24.6% of individuals having 2-6 and 7-10 of 10 possible resistant alleles, respectively. No loci were linked in most populations among the six mutations, indicating the development of multiple resistance is mainly by independent selection. However, G314D and I1017F on the nuclear genome deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in most populations, indicating significant selective pressure on TSSM populations by acaricides or fitness cost of the mutations in the absence of acaricide selection. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that the high frequency of TSSMs evolved multiple resistant mutations in population and individual levels by independent selection across China, alarming for managing multiple-acaricides resistance. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Jing Shen
- Institute of Plant Protection and Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jin-Cui Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection and Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection and Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jun Gong
- Institute of Plant Protection and Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin-Shuang Pang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ary Anthony Hoffmann
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection and Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Shumate S, Haylett M, Nelson B, Young N, Lamour K, Walsh D, Bradford B, Clements J. Using targeted sequencing and TaqMan approaches to detect acaricide (bifenthrin, bifenazate, and etoxazole) resistance associated SNPs in Tetranychus urticae collected from peppermint fields and hop yards. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283211. [PMID: 36952542 PMCID: PMC10035822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetranychus urticae (Koch) is an economically important pest of many agricultural commodities world-wide. Multiple acaricides, including bifenazate, bifenthrin, and extoxazole, are currently registered to control T. urticae. However, populations of T. urticae in many different growing regions have developed acaricide resistance through multiple mechanisms. Within T. urticae, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been documented in different genes which are associated with acaricide resistance phenotypes. The detection of these mutations through TaqMan qPCR has been suggested as a practical, quick, and reliable tool to inform agricultural producers of acaricide resistance phenotypes present within their fields and have potential utility for making appropriate acaricide application and integrated pest management decisions. Within this investigation we examined the use of a TaqMan qPCR-based approach to determine genotypes which have been previously associated with acaricide resistance in field-collected populations of T. urticae from peppermint fields and hop yards in the Pacific Northwest of the United States and confirmed the results with a multiplex targeted sequencing. The results suggest that a TaqMan qPCR approach accurately genotypes T. urticae populations for SNPs that have been linked to Bifenazate, Bifenthrin, and Etoxazole resistance. The results also demonstrated that different populations of mites in Washington and Idaho displayed varying frequencies of the examined SNPs. While we were able to detect the SNPs associated with the examined acaricides, the mutation G126S was not an appropriate or accurate indicator for bifenazate resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas Shumate
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Nematology, University of Idaho, Parma, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Maggie Haylett
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Nematology, University of Idaho, Parma, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Brenda Nelson
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Nematology, University of Idaho, Parma, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Nicole Young
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Nematology, University of Idaho, Parma, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Kurt Lamour
- Department of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Doug Walsh
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Prosser, Washington, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Bradford
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Justin Clements
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Nematology, University of Idaho, Parma, Idaho, United States of America
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