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Kumar S, Yadav V, Sharma N, Sethi A. HypoxamiR-210-3p regulates mesenchymal stem cells proliferation via P53 & Akt. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04834-9. [PMID: 37620743 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Transplanted stem cells (˃95%) into ischemic myocardium die because of unfavourable conditions. Moreover, hypoxia role in the cell cycle regulation has been studied in transformed/immortalized cell lines which may have altered cell cycle regulators and/or mutated and, can't be transplanted in patients. We quest to find out the mechanism of cell cycle regulation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to regulate its survival and proliferation in repair processes. Additionally, critically analysed role of hypoxamiR-210-3p, and cell cycle regulators that can regulate cell proliferation under hypoxic conditions. Bone marrow-derived MSC (BM-MSC) isolated from young male Fischer-344 rats by flushing the cavity of femur and propagated in vitro under 1% hypoxia for 72 h showed an increased in cell proliferation ([Formula: see text] 30%, p < 0.05) compared to normoxia. miR-210-3p, role in cell proliferation under hypoxic condition was confirmed by knockdown. Loss of function studies with transfection of anti-mir-210-3p, we observed decrease in proliferation of BM-MSC under hypoxia. Furthermore, BM-MSC proliferation due to miR-210-3p was confirmed using CFSE assay and flow cytometry, in which more cells were observed in S-phase. Mechanistically, western blot analysis showed miR-210-3p inhibition upregulates p53 and p21 expression and subsequent decrease in pAkt under hypoxia. On contrary, CFSE and Western blot under normoxic conditions showed downregulation of p53 and p21 whilst upregulation of pAkt indicated the key role of miR-210-3p in BM-MSC proliferation. Our results demonstrate the role of miR-210-3p in BM-MSC proliferation under both hypoxic and normoxic conditions and illustrate the potential mechanism via the regulation of pAkt, p53 and p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India.
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center of Excellence (CoE) Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India.
| | - Varsha Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
| | - Namrta Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
| | - Anshika Sethi
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
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Chen N, Wan G, Zeng X. Integrated Whole-Transcriptome Profiling and Bioinformatics Analysis of the Polypharmacological Effects of Ganoderic Acid Me in Colorectal Cancer Treatment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:833375. [PMID: 35574354 PMCID: PMC9093067 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.833375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderic acid Me (GA-Me) is a natural bioactive compound derived from Ganoderma lucidum. Our present results suggested that GA-Me inhibited proliferation, induced DNA fragmentation and significantly activated caspase-9 and caspase-3 in HCT116 cells. As shown in our previous studies, GA-Me targets several genes to prevent cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Thus, we hypothesized that GA-Me might be a multitarget ligand against cancer. However, its exact mechanism in CRC remains unclear. Here, whole-transcriptome sequencing was employed to assess the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA) profiles of GA-Me-treated HCT116 cells. In total, 1572 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, 123 DEcircRNAs, 87 DEmiRNAs, and 1508 DEmRNAs were identified. DCBLD2 and RAPGEF5 were validated as two core mRNAs in the DElncRNA, DEcircRNA, and DEmiRNA networks. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed the biological functions and potential mechanisms of TCONS-00008997, XR-925056.2, circRNA-07908, hsa-miR-100-3p, hsa-miR-1257, hsa-miR-3182, NAV3, ADAM20, and STARD4, which were altered after GA-Me treatment. The regulatory relationships of the XR-925056.2-hsa-miR-3182-NAV3/ADAM20/STARD4, circRNA-07908|Chr22:38986298-39025349-hsa-miR-3182-NAV3/ADAM20, ENST00000414039/ENST00000419190-novel874_mature-MMP9 and circRNA-00314|Chr1:35470863-35479212/circRNA-05460|Chr17:72592203-72649268-novel874_mature-MMP9 immune-regulatory networks involved both noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and mRNAs. Molecular docking studies showed that Zn2+ and the His201, His205, His211, Glu202, and Ala165 residues of MMP2 contributed to its high affinity for GA-Me. Zn2+ and the Glu402 and Gly186 residues of MMP9 are important for its interaction with GA-Me. Our results suggested and confirmed that GA-Me is a potential multitarget lead compound for CRC treatment with unique polypharmacological advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianhong Chen
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen,China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Medicine School of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Guoqing Wan
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen,China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Medicine School of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaobin Zeng
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen,China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Medicine School of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Qiao W, Huang P, Wang X, Meng L. Susceptibility to DNA damage caused by abrogation of Rad54 homolog B: A putative mechanism for chemically induced cleft palate. Toxicology 2021; 456:152772. [PMID: 33823233 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental toxicants such as all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) may cause cleft palate (CP), which process is related to DNA damage. Rad54B, an important DNA damage repaired protein, has been proved to be associated with non-syndromic cleft lip with palate (NSCLP). In the present study, we sought to clarify the role of Rad54B in palatal development and environment-induced CP. atRA (100 mg/kg) and TCDD (40 μg/kg) were used to induce CP in mice (C57BL/6 J mice). In this study, mouse embryonic heads were collected on embryonic day (E) 13.5∼16.5. The expression level of DNA repair protein Rad54 homolog B (Rad54B) was significantly decreased while those of the DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) marker γ-H2A.X, apoptosis marker caspase-3 and p53 were significantly increased in the palatal shelves upon exposure to atRA and TCDD relative to the control. Primary mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells (MEPMs) were cultured and transfected with siRNA or adenovirus in vitro to knock down or increase the level of Rad54B. Rad54B knockdown resulted in increased cellular S-phase arrest and apoptosis as well as decreased cell proliferation. Rad54B overexpression also increased apoptosis and reduced cell proliferation. Western blotting was used to detect the level of γ-H2A.X in transfected cells stimulated with etoposide (ETO, a DSBs inducer), and after 5 μM ETO stimulation of transfected MEPMs, the expression of γ-H2A.X was increased in Rad54B-knockdown cells. The expression of Mdm2, Mdmx and p53 with changes in Rad54B was also detected and coimmunoprecipitation was performed to analyze the combination of Mdm2 and p53 when Rad54B was changed in MEPMs. Knockdown of Rad54B inhibited the expression of Mdm2 and Mdmx, while the level of p53 increased. The coimmunoprecipitation results showed a decreased combination of Mdm2 and p53 when Rad54B was knocked down. Therefore, Rad54B can regulate the cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis of MEPMs. The loss of Rad54B increased the sensitivity of MEPMs to DSBs inducers, promoted apoptosis, and suppressed the proliferation of MEPMs by inhibiting the degradation of p53. Taken together, these findings suggest that Rad54B may play a key regulatory role in environment-induced CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Qiao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Pei Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xinhuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Liuyan Meng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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4
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Wei J, Huang J, Kuang Y, Li Y, Zhong D, Song J. Metformin inhibits proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by suppressing proteolysis of nerve growth factor receptor. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 121:104971. [PMID: 33220581 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the effects of metformin on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell proliferation and the associated molecular mechanisms. METHODS We established an OSCC model in SCC15 cells overexpressing nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) or the N-terminal region (aa 1-250; NGFR-N), and assessed cell proliferation by CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, and cell cycle analysis. Levels of NGFR and related genes and proteins were detected by qPCR and western blotting, and NGFR and NGFR-N affinity for p53 was assessed by immunoprecipitation assay. Additionally, the effects of NGFR and NGFR-N on p53 binding with its downstream gene promoters were analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Metformin inhibited OSCC cell proliferation and blocked NGFR proteolysis, thereby reducing the generation of its intracellular domain and NGFR-N. Moreover, compared with NGFR, NGFR-N showed higher affinity for p53 and more strongly inactivated p53 to promote cell proliferation. Furthermore, upregulation of NGFR-N downregulated levels of p53-specific downstream transcripts and proteins, whereas these levels were significantly upregulated in metformin-treated cells overexpressing NGFR. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that metformin inhibited cell proliferation by suppressing NGFR proteolysis, thereby promoting its antitumor effect in OSCC and offering novel insight into a role for metformin in OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wei
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Jiao Huang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Yunchun Kuang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Yongkai Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Daiqin Zhong
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China.
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Moxley AH, Reisman D. Context is key: Understanding the regulation, functional control, and activities of the p53 tumour suppressor. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:235-247. [PMID: 32996618 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The p53 tumour suppressor is considered one of the most critical genes in cancer biology. By upregulating apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and DNA damage repair in normal cells, p53 prevents the propagation of cells with tumorigenic potential; therefore, mutations in p53 are associated with carcinogenic transformation and can be accompanied by the accumulation of a novel gain-of-function oncogenic protein, mutant p53. Although p53 is most often understood to utilize context-dependent post-translational modifications to achieve regulation of its many target genes, recent research has also sought to define other mechanisms of regulating p53 gene expression prior to translation and to understand how this alternative regulation of p53 may influence target gene expression and cellular outcome. This review attempts to summarize what is known about p53 regulation at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels while paying special attention to the ways in which context may influence p53 regulation and subsequent regulation of its target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne H Moxley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - David Reisman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Li YL, Gan XL, Zhu RP, Wang X, Liao DF, Jin J, Huang Z. Anticancer Activity of Platinum (II) Complex with 2-Benzoylpyridine by Induction of DNA Damage, S-Phase Arrest, and Apoptosis. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 20:504-517. [PMID: 31721706 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191112114340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To overcome the disadvantages of cisplatin, numerous platinum (Pt) complexes have been prepared. However, the anticancer activity and mechanism of Pt(II) complexed with 2-benzoylpyridine [Pt(II)- Bpy]: [PtCl2(DMSO)L] (DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide, L = 2-benzoylpyridine) in cancer cells remain unknown. METHODS Pt(II)-Bpy was synthesized and characterized by spectrum analysis. Its anticancer activity and underlying mechanisms were demonstrated at the cellular, molecular, and in vivo levels. RESULTS Pt(II)-Bpy inhibited tumor cell growth, especially HepG2 human liver cancer cells, with a halfmaximal inhibitory concentration of 9.8±0.5μM, but with low toxicity in HL-7702 normal liver cells. Pt(II)- Bpy induced DNA damage, which was demonstrated through a marked increase in the expression of cleavedpoly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) and gamma-H2A histone family member X and a decrease in PARP expression. The interaction of Pt(II)-Bpy with DNA at the molecular level was most likely through an intercalation mechanism, which might be evidence of DNA damage. Pt(II)-Bpy initiated cell cycle arrest at the S phase in HepG2 cells. It also caused severe loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential; a decrease in the expression of caspase-9 and caspase-3; an increase in reactive oxygen species levels; the release of cytochrome c and apoptotic protease activation factor; and the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in HepG2 cells, which in turn resulted in apoptosis. Meanwhile, changes in p53 and related proteins were observed including the upregulation of p53, the phosphorylation of p53, p21, B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein, and NOXA; and the downregulation of B-cell lymphoma 2. Moreover, Pt(II)-Bpy displayed marked inhibitory effects on tumor growth in the HepG2 nude mouse model. CONCLUSION Pt(II)-Bpy is a potential candidate for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lan Li
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China.,China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xin-Li Gan
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Rong-Ping Zhu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China.,Department of Emergency Traumatic Surgery, the Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou People's Hospital), Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuehong Wang
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (Incubation), Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junfei Jin
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China.,China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhaoquan Huang
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China
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Suppression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Mycophenolic Acid in Experimental Models and in Patients. Transplantation 2019; 103:929-937. [PMID: 30747839 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor recurrence is a major complication following liver transplantation (LT) as treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Immunosuppression is an important risk factor for HCC recurrence, but conceivably may depend on the type of immunosuppressive medication. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a currently widely used immunosuppressant. This study investigated the effects of MPA on HCC. METHODS Three human HCC cell lines and organoids from mouse primary liver tumor were used as experimental models. MTT, Alamar Blue assay, cell cycle analysis, colony formation, and [3H]-thymidine assays were performed. An LT database was used for retrospective analysis of the effect of mycophenolate mofetil, the prodrug of MPA, on HCC recurrence. RESULTS With clinically achievable concentrations, MPA effectively inhibited HCC cell proliferation and single-cell colony-forming unit. In short-term experiments, MPA effectively elicited S phase arrest in HCC cell lines. In addition, the initiation and growth of liver tumor organoids were effectively inhibited by MPA. Most importantly, the use of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with HCC-related LT was significantly associated with less tumor recurrence and improved patient survival. CONCLUSIONS MPA can specifically counteract HCC growth in vitro and tumor recurrence in LT patients. These results warrant prospective clinical trials into the role of MPA-mediated immunosuppression following LT of patients with HCC.
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Benyettou F, Prakasam T, Ramdas Nair A, Witzel II, Alhashimi M, Skorjanc T, Olsen JC, Sadler KC, Trabolsi A. Potent and selective in vitro and in vivo antiproliferative effects of metal-organic trefoil knots. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5884-5892. [PMID: 31360392 PMCID: PMC6582759 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01218d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A set of metal-organic trefoil knots (M-TKs) generated by metal-templated self-assembly of a simple pair of chelating ligands were well tolerated in vitro by non-cancer cells but were significantly more potent than cisplatin in both human cancer cells--including those resistant to cisplatin--and in zebrafish embryos. In cultured cells, M-TKs generated reactive oxygen species that triggered apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway without directly disrupting the cell-membrane or damaging nuclear DNA. The cytotoxicity and wide scope for structural variation of M-TKs indicate the potential of synthetic metal-organic knots as a new field of chemical space for pharmaceutical design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Benyettou
- Program in Chemistry , New York University Abu Dhabi , UAE .
| | | | | | | | - Marwa Alhashimi
- Program in Chemistry , New York University Abu Dhabi , UAE .
| | - Tina Skorjanc
- Program in Chemistry , New York University Abu Dhabi , UAE .
| | - John-Carl Olsen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York , USA
| | | | - Ali Trabolsi
- Program in Chemistry , New York University Abu Dhabi , UAE .
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Vinothkumar R, Ceasar SA, Divyarupa A. Chemosuppressive effect of plumbagin on human non-small lung cancer cell xenotransplanted zebrafish. Indian J Cancer 2018; 54:253-256. [PMID: 29199700 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.219580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinone) derived from Plumbago species is a potential anti-tumour agent. Plumbagin has been tested for anti-cancer activity in vitro and in vivo using mice model. AIM To study the tumour suppressing efficacy of plumbagin using zebrafish model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human Non-small lung cancer cell line were cultured in vitro and transplanted in to zebrafish. The development of tumour was confirmed by performing histology. The tumour was then allowed to progress in vivo and the fishes were administered with plumbagin orally for three continuous days. The tumour suppression capacity was monitored subsequently using transcriptosome analysis. STATISTICAL METHODS The pixel integrated density obtained was converted into relative gene expression using IBM SPSS. RESULTS The administration of plumbagin had an ability to suppress tumour and the size of the tumour were relatively lesser when compared with the control sample; it has also increased p53 gene expression. CONCLUSION The study helps to conclude that plumbagin is an effective anti-tumour agent against human cancer cells based on the study in vivo in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vinothkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Peter's Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai - 600054, India
| | - S A Ceasar
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Peter's Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai - 600054, India
| | - A Divyarupa
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Peter's Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai - 600054, India
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Shang XF, Morris-Natschke SL, Liu YQ, Guo X, Xu XS, Goto M, Li JC, Yang GZ, Lee KH. Biologically active quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids part I. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:775-828. [PMID: 28902434 PMCID: PMC6421866 DOI: 10.1002/med.21466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids, two important classes of N-based heterocyclic compounds, have attracted tremendous attention from researchers worldwide since the 19th century. Over the past 200 years, many compounds from these two classes were isolated from natural sources, and most of them and their modified analogs possess significant bioactivities. Quinine and camptothecin are two of the most famous and important quinoline alkaloids, and their discoveries opened new areas in antimalarial and anticancer drug development, respectively. In this review, we survey the literature on bioactive alkaloids from these two classes and highlight research achievements prior to the year 2008 (Part I). Over 200 molecules with a broad range of bioactivities, including antitumor, antimalarial, antibacterial and antifungal, antiparasitic and insecticidal, antiviral, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, herbicidal, antioxidant and other activities, were reviewed. This survey should provide new clues or possibilities for the discovery of new and better drugs from the original naturally occurring quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Shan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Masuo Goto
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jun-Cai Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guan-Zhou Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Morris CA, El-Hiti GA, Weeks I, Woodhead S, Smith K, Kille P. Quantitative analysis of gene expression changes in response to genotoxic compounds. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 39:15-28. [PMID: 27825931 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Techniques that quantify molecular endpoints sufficiently sensitive to identify and classify potentially toxic compounds have wide potential for high-throughput in vitro screening. Expression of three genes, RAD51C, TP53 and cystatin A (CSTA), in HEPG2 cells was measured by Q-PCR amplification. In parallel, we developed alternative assays for the same 3 gene signature based on an acridinium-ester chemiluminescent reporter molecule. HEPG2 cells were challenged with eighteen different compounds (n=18) chosen to represent compounds that are genotoxic (n=8), non-genotoxic non-carcinogenic (n=2) or have a less well defined mechanism of action with respect to genotoxicity (n=8). At least one of the three genes displayed dysregulated expression in the majority of compounds tested by Q-PCR and ten compounds changed the CSTA expression significantly. Acridinium-ester labelled probes for the three genes were synthesised and tested. Analytical sensitivity was characterised and suggested a limit of detection generally better than 0.1fmol but often 10-50 attomol. A linear amplification step was optimised and this quantitative method detected statistically significant increases in RAD51C and CSTA expression in agreement with the Q-PCR results, demonstrating the potential of this technology. The broad agreement of the amplified chemiluminescent method and Q-PCR in measuring gene expression suggests wider potential application for this chemiluminescent technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceri A Morris
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK; School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Tenovus Building, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Gamal A El-Hiti
- Cornea Research Chair, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. BOX 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ian Weeks
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Tenovus Building, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | | | - Keith Smith
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Peter Kille
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
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12
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Tong J, Sun D, Yang C, Wang Y, Sun S, Li Q, Bao J, Liu Y. Serum starvation and thymidine double blocking achieved efficient cell cycle synchronization and altered the expression of p27, p53, bcl-2 in canine breast cancer cells. Res Vet Sci 2016; 105:10-4. [PMID: 27033900 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell synchronization is an approach to obtain cell populations of the same stage, which is a prerequisite to studying the regulation of cell cycle progression in vivo. Serum starvation and thymidine double blocking (TdR) are two important practices in studying cell cycle synchronization. However, their effects on canine cancer cells as well as the regulatory mechanisms by these two methods are poorly understood. In this study, we determined the optimum conditions of serum starvation and TdR and their effects on cell cycle synchronization. We further explored the involvement of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the cell cycle synchronization by investigating the expression of three key genes (p27, p53 and bcl-2). Serum starvation resulted in a reversible cell cycle arrest and synchronously progress through G0/G1. The highest percentage of CHMm cells (87.47%) in G0/G1 stage was obtained after 42 h incubation with 0.5% fetal bovine serum (FBS). TdR double blocking could arrest 98.9% of CHMm cells in G1/S phase (0 h of release), and could arrest 93.74% of CHMm cells in S phase after 4h of release. We also found that the p27, p53, bcl-2 genes were most highly expressed in G0/G1 phase. Our current work revealed that serum starvation and TdR methods could achieve sufficient synchronization of CHMm cells. Moreover, the expression of p27, p53 and bcl-2 genes was related to cyclical movements and apoptosis. Our results will provide a new insight into cell cycle regulation and reprogramming of canine cancer cells induced by serum starvation and TdR blocking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Tong
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingxue Wang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Sichao Sun
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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13
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Aguda BD, del Rosario RCH, Chan MWY. Oncogene-tumor suppressor gene feedback interactions and their control. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2015; 12:1277-1288. [PMID: 26775863 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2015.12.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We propose the hypothesis that for a particular type of cancer there exists a key pair of oncogene (OCG) and tumor suppressor gene (TSG) that is normally involved in strong stabilizing negative feedback loops (nFBLs) of molecular interactions, and it is these interactions that are sufficiently perturbed during cancer development. These nFBLs are thought to regulate oncogenic positive feedback loops (pFBLs) that are often required for the normal cellular functions of oncogenes. Examples given in this paper are the pairs of MYC and p53, KRAS and INK4A, and E2F1 and miR-17-92. We propose dynamical models of the aforementioned OCG-TSG interactions and derive stability conditions of the steady states in terms of strengths of cycles in the qualitative interaction network. Although these conditions are restricted to predictions of local stability, their simple linear expressions in terms of competing nFBLs and pFBLs make them intuitive and practical guides for experimentalists aiming to discover drug targets and stabilize cancer networks.
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14
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Personal exposure to PM2.5, genetic variants and DNA damage: A multi-center population-based study in Chinese. Toxicol Lett 2015; 235:172-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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15
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Parthasarathy G, Philipp MT. The MEK/ERK pathway is the primary conduit for Borrelia burgdorferi-induced inflammation and P53-mediated apoptosis in oligodendrocytes. Apoptosis 2014; 19:76-89. [PMID: 24114360 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) affects both the central and peripheral nervous systems. In a rhesus macaque model of LNB we had previously shown that brains of rhesus macaques inoculated with Borrelia burgdorferi release inflammatory mediators, and undergo oligodendrocyte and neuronal cell death. In vitro analysis of this phenomenon indicated that while B. burgdorferi can induce inflammation and apoptosis of oligodendrocytes per se, microglia are required for neuronal apoptosis. We hypothesized that the inflammatory milieu elicited by the bacterium in microglia or oligodendrocytes contributes to the apoptosis of neurons and glial cells, respectively, and that downstream signaling events in NFkB and/or MAPK pathways play a role in these phenotypes. To test these hypotheses in oligodendrocytes, several pathway inhibitors were used to determine their effect on inflammation and apoptosis, as induced by B. burgdorferi. In a human oligodendrocyte cell line (MO3.13), inhibition of the ERK pathway in the presence of B. burgdorferi markedly reduced inflammation, followed by the JNK, p38 and NFkB pathway inhibition. In addition to eliciting inflammation, B. burgdorferi also increased total p53 protein levels, and suppression of the ERK pathway mitigated this effect. While inhibition of p53 had a minimal effect in reducing inflammation, suppression of the ERK pathway or p53 reduced apoptosis as measured by active caspase-3 activity and the TUNEL assay. A similar result was seen in primary human oligodendrocytes wherein suppression of ERK or p53 reduced apoptosis. It is possible that inflammation and apoptosis in oligodendrocytes are divergent arms of MAPK pathways, particularly the MEK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Parthasarathy
- Division of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, 18703, Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
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16
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Polson A, Reisman D. The bidirectional p53–Wrap53β promoter is controlled by common cis- and trans-regulatory elements. Gene 2014; 538:138-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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17
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Haque S, Yan XJ, Rosen L, McCormick S, Chiorazzi N, Mongini PKA. Effects of prostaglandin E2 on p53 mRNA transcription and p53 mutagenesis during T-cell-independent human B-cell clonal expansion. FASEB J 2013; 28:627-43. [PMID: 24145719 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-237792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Within T-cell-dependent germinal centers, p53 gene transcription is repressed by Bcl-6 and is thus less vulnerable to mutation. Malignant lymphomas within inflamed extranodal sites exhibit a relatively high incidence of p53 mutations. The latter might originate from normal B-cell clones manifesting activation-induced cytosine deaminase (AID) and up-regulated p53 following T-cell-independent (TI) stimulation. We here examine p53 gene transcription in such TI clones, with a focus on modulatory effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and evaluate progeny for p53 mutations. Resting IgM(+)IgD(+)CD27(-) B cells from human tonsils were labeled with CFSE and stimulated in vitro with complement-coated antigen surrogate, IL-4, and BAFF ± exogenous PGE2 (50 nM) or an analog specific for the EP2 PGE2 receptor. We use flow cytometry to measure p53 and AID protein within variably divided blasts, qRT-PCR of p53 mRNA from cultures with or without actinomycin D to monitor mRNA transcription/stability, and single-cell p53 RT-PCR/sequencing to assess progeny for p53 mutations. We report that EP2 signaling triggers increased p53 gene transcriptional activity in AID(+) cycling blasts (P<0.01). Progeny exhibit p53 mutations at a frequency (8.5 × 10(-4)) greater than the baseline error rate (<0.8 × 10(-4)). We conclude that, devoid of the repressive influences of Bcl-6, dividing B lymphoblasts in inflamed tissues should display heightened p53 transcription and increased risk of p53 mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabirul Haque
- 1Laboratory of B-Cell Biology, Karches Center for CLL Research and Center for Autoimmunity and Musculoskeletal Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
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18
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Alessio N, Bohn W, Rauchberger V, Rizzolio F, Cipollaro M, Rosemann M, Irmler M, Beckers J, Giordano A, Galderisi U. Silencing of RB1 but not of RB2/P130 induces cellular senescence and impairs the differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:1637-51. [PMID: 23370776 PMCID: PMC11113310 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell senescence is considered deleterious because it may impair tissue renewal and function. On the other hand, senescence may arrest the uncontrolled growth of transformed stem cells and protect organisms from cancer. This double function of senescence is strictly linked to the activity of genes that the control cell cycle such as the retinoblastoma proteins RB1, RB2/P130, and P107. We took advantage of the RNA interference technique to analyze the role of these proteins in the biology of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Cells lacking RB1 were prone to DNA damage. They showed elevated levels of p53 and p21(cip1) and increased regulation of RB2/P130 and P107 expression. These cells gradually adopted a senescent phenotype with impairment of self-renewal properties. No significant modification of cell growth was observed as it occurs in other cell types or systems. In cells with silenced RB2/P130, we detected a reduction of DNA damage along with a higher proliferation rate, an increase in clonogenic ability, and the diminution of apoptosis and senescence. Cells with silenced RB2/P130 were cultivated for extended periods of time without adopting a transformed phenotype. Of note, acute lowering of P107 did not induce relevant changes in the in vitro behavior of MSC. We also analyzed cell commitment and the osteo-chondro-adipogenic differentiation process of clones derived by MSC cultures. In all clones obtained from cells with silenced retinoblastoma genes, we observed a reduction in the ability to differentiate compared with the control clones. In summary, our data show evidence that the silencing of the expression of RB1 or RB2/P130 is not compensated by other gene family members, and this profoundly affects MSC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Alessio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Bohn
- Department of Tumorvirology, Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz-Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Verena Rauchberger
- Department of Tumorvirology, Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz-Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107-6799 USA
| | - Marilena Cipollaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Michael Rosemann
- Helmholtz Zentrum, National Research Center for Environment and Health, GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Helmholtz Zentrum, National Research Center for Environment and Health, GmbH, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Helmholtz Zentrum, National Research Center for Environment and Health, GmbH, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Munich, Germany
- WZW, Center of Life and Food Science Weihenstephan, Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107-6799 USA
- Human Health Foundation, Spoleto, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107-6799 USA
- Human Health Foundation, Spoleto, Italy
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Parthasarathy G, Philipp MT. Review: apoptotic mechanisms in bacterial infections of the central nervous system. Front Immunol 2012; 3:306. [PMID: 23060884 PMCID: PMC3463897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article we review the apoptotic mechanisms most frequently encountered in bacterial infections of the central nervous system (CNS). We focus specifically on apoptosis of neural cells (neurons and glia), and provide first an overview of the phenomenon of apoptosis itself and its extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. We then describe apoptosis in the context of infectious diseases and inflammation caused by bacteria, and review its role in the pathogenesis of the most relevant bacterial infections of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Parthasarathy
- Division of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Covington, LA, USA
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20
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Minelli R, Cavalli R, Ellis L, Pettazzoni P, Trotta F, Ciamporcero E, Barrera G, Fantozzi R, Dianzani C, Pili R. Nanosponge-encapsulated camptothecin exerts anti-tumor activity in human prostate cancer cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 47:686-94. [PMID: 22917641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) is a potent DNA Topoisomerase I inhibitor with anti-tumor activity in hematological and solid tumors. However, it did not reach clinical use because of its poor solubility and high degrability. β-Cyclodextrin nanosponge (CN) have been demonstrated to be able to increase the solubility of lipophilic compounds and to protect them from degradation. In the present study, we evaluated whether β-Cyclodextrin nanosponge carriers can overcome CPT chemical disadvantages and improve the in vitro anti-tumor efficacy in the androgen refractory models of prostate cancer DU145 and PC-3 and the androgen sensitive model LNCaP. Camptothecin-loaded β-Cyclodextrin nanosponge (CN-CPT) showed sizes of about 400 nm, spherical shape and a drug loading of 38%. HPLC analysis, performed on the cell pellet after treatment with CN-CPT revealed that CPT concentration increased over time indicating a prolonged release of the drug. Moreover, CN-CPT inhibited Topoisomerase I activity, and induced DNA damage, and cell cycle arrest more effectively than CPT, indicating that the CN-CPT formulation does not affect activity of the drug. Moreover, Annexin V/Propidium Iodide staining showed an induction of cell death at low concentrations that were not effective for CTP. LNCaP cells were less sensitive to CPT than PC-3 and DU145 cells, but CN-CPT still exerted higher anti-proliferative activity and DNA damage ability than CPT. The experiments performed in LNCaP cells demonstrated that CN-CPT treatment inhibited expression of the androgen receptor at doses where CPT was ineffective. Our results demonstrated the higher anti-tumor effectiveness of CN-CPT compare to CPT in prostate cancer cells, supporting the relevance of future studies for the use of the β-Cyclodextrin nanosponge to deliver anticancer drugs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Minelli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
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Transcriptional Regulation of the p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene in S-Phase of the Cell-Cycle and the Cellular Response to DNA Damage. Biochem Res Int 2012; 2012:808934. [PMID: 22830025 PMCID: PMC3400299 DOI: 10.1155/2012/808934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor induces the transcription of genes that negatively regulate progression of the cell cycle in response to DNA damage or other cellular stressors and thus participates in maintaining genome stability. Numerous studies have demonstrated that p53 transcription is activated before or during early S-phase in cells progressing from G0/G1 into S-phase through the combined action of two DNA-binding factors RBP-Jκ and C/EBPβ-2. Here, we review evidence that this induction occurs to provide available p53 mRNA in order to prepare the cell for DNA damage in S-phase, this ensuring a rapid response to DNA damage before exiting this stage of the cell cycle.
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