1
|
Bai R, Guo J. Interactions and Implications of Klebsiella pneumoniae with Human Immune Responses and Metabolic Pathways: A Comprehensive Review. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:449-462. [PMID: 38333568 PMCID: PMC10849896 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s451013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), a significant contributor to the global challenge of antibiotic resistance, is not only a ubiquitous component of the human microbiome but also a potent pathogen capable of causing a spectrum of diseases. This review provides a thorough analysis of the intricate interactions between K. pneumoniae and the human immune system, elucidating its substantial impact on metabolic processes. We explore the mechanisms employed by K. pneumoniae to evade and manipulate immune responses, including molecular mimicry, immune modulation, and biofilm formation. The review further investigates the bacterium's influence on metabolic pathways, particularly glycolysis, highlighting how these interactions exacerbate disease severity. The emergence of multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant strains within the Enterobacteriaceae family has heightened the public health crisis, underscoring the urgency for comprehensive research. We investigate the roles of the host's complement system, autophagy, cell death mechanisms, and various cytokines in combating K. pneumoniae infections, shedding light on areas that warrant further academic investigation. Additionally, the review discusses the challenges posed by K1- and K2-capsule polysaccharides in vaccine development due to their complex molecular structures and adhesive properties. Acknowledging the limited availability of effective antimicrobials, this review advocates for exploring alternative approaches such as immunotherapeutics, vaccinations, and phage therapy. We consolidate current knowledge on K. pneumoniae, covering classical and non-classical subtypes, antimicrobial resistance-mediated genes, virulence factors, and epidemiological trends in isolation and antibiotic resistance rates. This comprehensive review not only advances our understanding of K. pneumoniae but also underscores the imperative for ongoing research and collaborative efforts to develop new prevention and treatment strategies against this formidable pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruojing Bai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim JK, Jung HJ, Hyun M, Lee JY, Park JH, Suh SI, Baek WK, Kim HA. Resistance of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae to cathepsin B-mediated pyroptosis in murine macrophages. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1207121. [PMID: 37457695 PMCID: PMC10342201 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1207121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) has emerged as a clinically significant global pathogen in the last decade. However, the host immune responses of the macrophages during hvKp infection are largely unknown. In the present study, we aimed to compare the cytotoxic effects of hvKp and classical K. pneumoniae (cKp) in murine macrophages. Results We found that the activation of caspase-1 -dependent pyroptosis was higher in cKp-infected macrophages compared with that in hvKp-infected macrophages. In Caspase-1 deficiency macrophages, pyroptosis diminished during infection. Both hvKp and cKp strains led to nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome formation and lysosomal cathepsin B activation, thus resulting in pyroptosis. Compared with the cKp strain, the hvKp strain inhibited these phenomena in murine macrophages. Conclusion HvKp infection resulted in different levels of pyroptosis via the activation of cathepsin B-NLRP3-caspase-1 in murine macrophages. Therefore, the manipulation of pyroptotic cell death is a potential target for host response during hvKp infection in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Jung Jung
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Miri Hyun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Il Suh
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Baek
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun ah Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei S, Xu T, Chen Y, Zhou K. Autophagy, cell death, and cytokines in K. pneumoniae infection: Therapeutic Perspectives. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 12:2140607. [DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2140607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Wei
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Taurine inhibits necroptosis helps to alleviate inflammatory and injury induced by Klebsiella infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 250:110444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
5
|
Van den Bossche S, Vandeplassche E, Ostyn L, Coenye T, Crabbé A. Bacterial Interference With Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay Leads to an Underestimation of Cytotoxicity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:494. [PMID: 33042868 PMCID: PMC7523407 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Models to study host-pathogen interactions in vitro are an important tool for investigating the infectious disease process and evaluating the efficacy of antimicrobial compounds. In these models, the viability of mammalian cells is often determined using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay. In the present study we evaluated whether bacteria could interfere with the LDH assay. As a model for host-pathogen interactions, we co-cultured lung epithelial cells with eight bacteria encountered in the lower respiratory tract. We show that LDH activity is affected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and that this depends on the density of the start inoculum and the duration of infection. Two different mechanisms were discovered through which bacteria interfered with LDH activity, i.e., acidification of the cell culture medium (by K. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae) and protease production (by P. aeruginosa and S. maltophilia). In addition, we developed and validated a modified protocol to evaluate cytotoxicity using the LDH assay, where bacterial interference with LDH quantification is avoided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Vandeplassche
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lisa Ostyn
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Crabbé
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Samara P, Miriagou V, Zachariadis M, Mavrofrydi O, Promponas VJ, Dedos SG, Papazafiri P, Kalbacher H, Voelter W, Tsitsilonis O. A fragment of the alarmin prothymosin α as a novel biomarker in murine models of bacteria-induced sepsis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:48635-48649. [PMID: 28611290 PMCID: PMC5564713 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that requires urgent care. Thus, the identification of specific and sensitive biomarkers for its early diagnosis and management are of clinical importance. The alarmin prothymosin alpha (proTα) and its decapeptide proTα(100-109) are immunostimulatory peptides related to cell death. In this study, we generated bacterial models of sepsis in mice using two Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (L-78 and ATCC 43816) and monitored sepsis progression using proTα(100-109) as a biomarker. Serum concentration of proTα(100-109) gradually increased as sepsis progressed in mice infected with L-78, a strain which, unlike ATCC 43816, was phagocytosed by monocytes/macrophages. Analysis of splenocytes from L-78-infected animals revealed that post-infection spleen monocytes/macrophages were gradually driven to caspase-3-mediated apoptosis. These results were verified in vitro in L-78-infected human monocytes/macrophages. Efficient phagocytosis of L-78 by monocytes stimulated their apoptosis and the concentration of proTα(100-109) in culture supernatants increased. Human macrophages strongly phagocytosed L-78, but resisted cell death. This is the first report suggesting that high levels of proTα(100-109) correlate, both in vitro and in vivo, with increased percentages of cell apoptosis. Moreover, we showed that low levels of proTα(100-109) early post-infection likely correlate with sepsis resolution and thus, the decapeptide could eventually serve as an early surrogate biomarker for predicting bacteria-induced sepsis outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinelopi Samara
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vivi Miriagou
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Zachariadis
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Mavrofrydi
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilis J Promponas
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Skarlatos G Dedos
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Papazafiri
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Hubert Kalbacher
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Voelter
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ourania Tsitsilonis
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Voigt J, Morawski M, Wöstemeyer J. The Cytotoxic Effects of Camptothecin and Mastoparan on the Unicellular Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2017; 64:806-819. [PMID: 28337817 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have recently reported that protease inhibitors affecting the activity of the proteasome cause necrotic cell death in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii instead of inducing apoptosis as shown for some mammalian cell lines. Therefore, we have studied other well-known inducers of apoptosis in mammalian cells for their effects on C. reinhardtii cells. Mastoparan caused rapid cell death without a prominent lag-phase under all growth conditions, whereas the cytotoxic effect of the topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin exclusively occurred during the cell-division phase. Essentially no differences between wall-deficient and wild-type cells were observed with respect to dose-response and time-course of camptothecin and mastoparan. In cultures of the wall-deficient strain, cell death was accompanied by swelling and subsequent disruption of the cells, established markers of necrosis. In case of the wild-type strain, camptothecin and mastoparan caused accumulation of apparently intact, but dead cells instead of cell debris due to the presence of the wall. Both in cultures of the wall-deficient and the wild-type strains, cell death was accompanied by an increase of the protein concentration in the culture medium indicating a lytic process like necrosis. Taking together, we have severe doubts on the existence of an apoptotic program in case of C. reinhardtii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Voigt
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, D-07743, Germany
| | - Markus Morawski
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, D-04103, Germany
| | - Johannes Wöstemeyer
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, D-07743, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leone L, Raffa S, Martinelli D, Torrisi MR, Santino I. Carbapenem resistance confers to Klebsiella pneumoniae strains an enhanced ability to induce infection and cell death in epithelial tissue-specific in vitro models. Future Microbiol 2016; 10:743-61. [PMID: 26000649 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (KPC-Kp) are emerging worldwide causing different nosocomial infections including those of the urinary tract, lung or skin wounds. For these strains, the antibiotic treatment is limited to only few choices including colistin, whose continuous use led to the emergence of carbapenem-resistant KPC-Kp strains resistant also to this treatment (KPC-Kp Col-R). AIM Very little is known about the capacity of the different strains of KPC-Kp to invade the epithelial cells in vitro. To verify if the acquisition of carbapenem-resistant and the colistin-resistant phenotypes are correlated with a different ability to infect a series of epithelial cell lines of various tissutal origin and with a different capacity to induce cellular death. MATERIALS & METHODS We used Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), KPC-Kp and KPC-Kp Col-R strains, isolated from different patients carrying various tissue-specific infections, to infect a series of epithelial cell lines of different tissutal origin. The invasive capacity of the strains and the extent and characteristics of the cell damage and death induced by the bacteria were evaluated and compared. CONCLUSION Our results show that both KPC-Kp and KPC-Kp Col-R display a greater ability to infect the epithelial cells, with respect to KP, and that the bacterial cell invasion results in a nonprogrammed cell death.
Collapse
|
9
|
Vidal BDC, Ghiraldini FG, Mello MLS. Changes in liver cell DNA methylation status in diabetic mice affect its FT-IR characteristics. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102295. [PMID: 25019512 PMCID: PMC4096918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lower levels of cytosine methylation have been found in the liver cell DNA from non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice under hyperglycemic conditions. Because the Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) profiles of dry DNA samples are differently affected by DNA base composition, single-stranded form and histone binding, it is expected that the methylation status in the DNA could also affect its FT-IR profile. Methodology/Principal Findings The DNA FT-IR signatures obtained from the liver cell nuclei of hyperglycemic and normoglycemic NOD mice of the same age were compared. Dried DNA samples were examined in an IR microspectroscope equipped with an all-reflecting objective (ARO) and adequate software. Conclusions/Significance Changes in DNA cytosine methylation levels induced by hyperglycemia in mouse liver cells produced changes in the respective DNA FT-IR profiles, revealing modifications to the vibrational intensities and frequencies of several chemical markers, including νas –CH3 stretching vibrations in the 5-methylcytosine methyl group. A smaller band area reflecting lower energy absorbed in the DNA was found in the hyperglycemic mice and assumed to be related to the lower levels of –CH3 groups. Other spectral differences were found at 1700–1500 cm−1 and in the fingerprint region, and a slight change in the DNA conformation at the lower DNA methylation levels was suggested for the hyperglycemic mice. The changes that affect cytosine methylation levels certainly affect the DNA-protein interactions and, consequently, gene expression in liver cells from the hyperglycemic NOD mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedicto de Campos Vidal
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Gerelli Ghiraldini
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza S. Mello
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|