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Bhatter N, Dmitriev SE, Ivanov P. Cell death or survival: Insights into the role of mRNA translational control. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:138-154. [PMID: 37357122 PMCID: PMC10695129 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Cellular stress is an intrinsic part of cell physiology that underlines cell survival or death. The ability of mammalian cells to regulate global protein synthesis (aka translational control) represents a critical, yet underappreciated, layer of regulation during the stress response. Various cellular stress response pathways monitor conditions of cell growth and subsequently reshape the cellular translatome to optimize translational outputs. On the molecular level, such translational reprogramming involves an intricate network of interactions between translation machinery, RNA-binding proteins, mRNAs, and non-protein coding RNAs. In this review, we will discuss molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, and targets of translational control that contribute to cellular adaptation to stress and to cell survival or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Bhatter
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sergey E Dmitriev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Ivanov
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Initiative for RNA Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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2
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Wei Y, Xu X, Jiang M, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Zhou F, Ding K. Discovery of new Lenalidomide derivatives as potent and selective GSPT1 degraders. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115580. [PMID: 37418973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
G1 to S phase transition 1 (GSPT1) is the requisite release factor for the translation termination. GSPT1 is identified as an oncogenic driver of several types of cancer and considered to be a promising cancer therapeutic target. Although two selective GSPT1 degraders were advanced into clinical trials, neither of them has been approved for clinical use. Here we developed a series of new selective GSPT1 degraders, among which the optimal compound 9q potently induced degradation of GSPT1 with a DC50 of 35 nM in U937 cells, and showed good selectivity in the global proteomic profiling study. Mechanism studies revealed that compound 9q induced GSPT1 degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Consistent with its potent GSPT1 degradation activity, compound 9q displayed good antiproliferative activities against U937 cells, MOLT-4 cells, and MV4-11 cells, with IC50 values of 0.019 μM, 0.006 μM, and 0.027 μM, respectively. Compound 9q also dose-dependently induced G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in U937 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Wei
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Minchuan Jiang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yongxing Wang
- Livzon Research Institute, Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc., Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Fengtao Zhou
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Ke Ding
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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3
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Xu Y, Wang W, Yao J, Yang M, Guo Y, Deng Z, Mao Q, Li S, Duan L. Comparative proteomics suggests the mode of action of a novel molluscicide against the invasive apple snail Pomacea canaliculata, intermediate host of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2021; 247:111431. [PMID: 34813866 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2021.111431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a zoonotic parasitic nematode that is the most common cause of human eosinophilic meningitis. The invasive apple snail Pomacea canaliculata is an important intermediate host of A. cantonensis and contributes to its spread. P. canaliculata control will help prevent its invasion and transmission of A. cantonensis. The new molluscicide PBQ (1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)urea) exhibits great potency against P. canaliculata and has low toxicity against mammals and non-target aquatic organisms. We studied the mode of action of PBQ using TMT-based comparative quantitative proteomics analysis between PBQ-treated and control P. canaliculata snails. A total of 3151 proteins were identified, and 245 of these proteins were significantly differentially expressed with 135 downregulated and 110 upregulated. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses identified GO terms and KEGG pathways involved in de novo purine biosynthesis, ribosome components and translation process were significantly enriched and downregulated. The results indicated that PBQ treatment had substantial effects on the synthesis of genetic material, translation process, and protein synthesis of P. canaliculata and were likely the main cause of snail mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiang Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Weisi Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Junmin Yao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Minli Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Yunhai Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhuohui Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Research and Training of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Qiang Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Research and Training of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Shizhu Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Liping Duan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Inagaki H, Hosoda N, Hoshino SI. DDX6 is a positive regulator of Ataxin-2/PAPD4 cytoplasmic polyadenylation machinery. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 553:9-16. [PMID: 33756349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein Ataxin-2 regulates translation and mRNA stability through cytoplasmic polyadenylation of the targets. Here we newly identified DDX6 as a positive regulator of the cytoplasmic polyadenylation. Analysis of Ataxin-2 interactome using LC-MS/MS revealed prominent interaction with the DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX6. DDX6 interacted with components of the Ataxin-2 polyadenylation machinery; Ataxin-2, PABPC1 and PAPD4. As in the case for Ataxin-2 downregulation, DDX6 downregulation led to an increase in Ataxin-2 target mRNAs with short poly(A) tails as well as a reduction in their protein expression. In contrast, Ataxin-2 target mRNAs with short poly(A) tails were decreased by the overexpression of Ataxin-2, which was compromised by the DDX6 downregulation. However, polyadenylation induced by Ataxin-2 tethering was not affected by the DDX6 downregulation. Taken together, these results suggest that DDX6 positively regulates Ataxin-2-induced cytoplasmic polyadenylation to maintain poly(A) tail length of the Ataxin-2 targets provably through accelerating binding of Ataxin-2 to the target mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Inagaki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Nao Hosoda
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Hoshino
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
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5
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Zhu H, Li J, Li Y, Zheng Z, Guan H, Wang H, Tao K, Liu J, Wang Y, Zhang W, Li C, Li J, Jia L, Bai W, Hu D. Glucocorticoid counteracts cellular mechanoresponses by LINC01569-dependent glucocorticoid receptor-mediated mRNA decay. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/9/eabd9923. [PMID: 33627425 PMCID: PMC7904261 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd9923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli on cells and mechanotransduction are essential in many biological and pathological processes. Glucocorticoid is an important hormone, roles, and mechanisms of which in cellular mechanotransduction remain unknown. Here, we report that glucocorticoid counteracted cellular mechanoresponses dependently on a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), LINC01569 Further, LINC01569 mediated glucocorticoid effects on mechanotransduction by destabilizing messenger RNA (mRNA) of mechanosensors including early growth response protein 1 (EGR1), Cbp/P300-interacting transactivator 2 (CITED2), and bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7) in glucocorticoid receptor-mediated mRNA decay (GMD) manner. Mechanistically, LINC01569 directly bound to the GMD factor Y-box-binding protein 1 (YBX1). Then, the LINC01569-YBX1 complex was guided to the mRNAs of EGR1, CITED2, and BMP7 through specific LINC01569-mRNA interaction, thereby contributing to the successful assembly of GMD complex and triggering GMD. Our results uncovered roles of glucocorticoid in cellular mechanotransduction and novel lncRNA-dependent GMD machinery and provided potential strategy for early intervention in mechanical disorder-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Zhu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yize Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhao Zheng
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Hao Guan
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Ke Tao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yunchuan Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Wanfu Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Lintao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Wendong Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Xinjiang Command General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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6
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Okamoto A, Hosoda N, Tanaka A, Newnam GP, Chernoff YO, Hoshino SI. Proteolysis suppresses spontaneous prion generation in yeast. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:20113-20124. [PMID: 29038292 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.811323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prions are infectious proteins that cause fatal neurodegenerative disorders including Creutzfeldt-Jakob and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow) diseases. The yeast [PSI+] prion is formed by the translation-termination factor Sup35, is the best-studied prion, and provides a useful model system for studying such diseases. However, despite recent progress in the understanding of prion diseases, the cellular defense mechanism against prions has not been elucidated. Here, we report that proteolytic cleavage of Sup35 suppresses spontaneous de novo generation of the [PSI+] prion. We found that during yeast growth in glucose media, a maximum of 40% of Sup35 is cleaved at its N-terminal prion domain. This cleavage requires the vacuolar proteases PrA-PrB. Cleavage occurs in a manner dependent on translation but independently of autophagy between the glutamine/asparagine-rich (Q/N-rich) stretch critical for prion formation and the oligopeptide-repeat region required for prion maintenance, resulting in the removal of the Q/N-rich stretch from the Sup35 N terminus. The complete inhibition of Sup35 cleavage, by knocking out either PrA (pep4Δ) or PrB (prb1Δ), increased the rate of de novo formation of [PSI+] prion up to ∼5-fold, whereas the activation of Sup35 cleavage, by overproducing PrB, inhibited [PSI+] formation. On the other hand, activation of the PrB pathway neither cleaved the amyloid conformers of Sup35 in [PSI+] strains nor eliminated preexisting [PSI+]. These findings point to a mechanism antagonizing prion generation in yeast. Our results underscore the usefulness of the yeast [PSI+] prion as a model system to investigate defense mechanisms against prion diseases and other amyloidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Okamoto
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Nao Hosoda
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Anri Tanaka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Gary P Newnam
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-2000
| | - Yury O Chernoff
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-2000; Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Shin-Ichi Hoshino
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
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7
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Hashimoto Y, Inagaki H, Hoshino SI. Calpain mediates processing of the translation termination factor eRF3 into the IAP-binding isoform p-eRF3. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2241-7. [PMID: 26172506 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of polypeptide chain-releasing factor eRF3 in translation termination and mRNA decay is well established. Moreover, the finding that the proteolytically processed isoform of eRF3 (p-eRF3) interacts with inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) to activate caspase, implies that eRF3 is a cell death regulator. However, the protease(s) responsible for p-eRF3 production and how p-eRF3 regulates apoptosis remain unknown. Here, we show that calpain mediates p-eRF3 production in vitro and in living cells. p-eRF3 is produced in cells treated with ER stressors in a calpain-dependent manner. These findings suggest that p-eRF3 is a novel regulator of calpain-dependent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Hashimoto
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroto Inagaki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Hoshino
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
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Yamagishi R, Hosoda N, Hoshino SI. Arsenite inhibits mRNA deadenylation through proteolytic degradation of Tob and Pan3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 455:323-31. [PMID: 25446091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The poly(A) tail of mRNAs plays pivotal roles in the posttranscriptional control of gene expression at both translation and mRNA stability. Recent findings demonstrate that the poly(A) tail is globally stabilized by some stresses. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon has not been elucidated. Here, we show that arsenite-induced oxidative stress inhibits deadenylation of mRNA primarily through downregulation of Tob and Pan3, both of which mediate the recruitment of deadenylases to mRNA. Arsenite selectively induces the proteolytic degradation of Tob and Pan3, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of Tob and Pan3 recapitulates stabilization of the mRNA poly(A) tail observed during arsenite stress. Although arsenite also inhibits translation by activating the eIF2α kinase HRI, arsenite-induced mRNA stabilization can be observed under HRI-depleted conditions. These results highlight the essential role of Tob and Pan3 in the stress-induced global stabilization of mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Yamagishi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Nao Hosoda
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Hoshino
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
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9
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Stickel S, Gomes N, Su TT. The Role of Translational Regulation in Survival after Radiation Damage; an Opportunity for Proteomics Analysis. Proteomes 2014; 2:272-290. [PMID: 26269784 PMCID: PMC4530795 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes2020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we will summarize the data from different model systems that illustrate the need for proteome-wide analyses of the biological consequences of ionizing radiation (IR). IR remains one of three main therapy choices for oncology, the others being surgery and chemotherapy. Understanding how cells and tissues respond to IR is essential for improving therapeutic regimes against cancer. Numerous studies demonstrating the changes in the transcriptome following exposure to IR, in diverse systems, can be found in the scientific literature. However, the limitation of our knowledge is illustrated by the fact that the number of transcripts that change after IR exposure is approximately an order of magnitude lower than the number of transcripts that re-localize to or from ribosomes under similar conditions. Furthermore, changes in the post-translational modifications of proteins (phosphorylation, acetylation as well as degradation) are profoundly important for the cellular response to IR. These considerations make proteomics a highly suitable tool for mechanistic studies of the effect of IR. Strikingly such studies remain outnumbered by those utilizing proteomics for diagnostic purposes such as the identification of biomarkers for the outcome of radiation therapy. Here we will discuss the role of the ribosome and translational regulation in the survival and preservation of cells and tissues after exposure to ionizing radiation. In doing so we hope to provide a strong incentive for the study of proteome-wide changes following IR exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Stickel
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; E-Mails: (S.S.); (N.G.)
| | - Nathan Gomes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; E-Mails: (S.S.); (N.G.)
- SuviCa, Inc. P O Box 3131, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Tin Tin Su
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; E-Mails: (S.S.); (N.G.)
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10
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Hashimoto Y, Kumagai N, Hosoda N, Hoshino SI. The processed isoform of the translation termination factor eRF3 localizes to the nucleus to interact with the ARF tumor suppressor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 445:639-44. [PMID: 24569073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The eukaryotic releasing factor eRF3 is a multifunctional protein that plays pivotal roles in translation termination as well as the initiation of mRNA decay. eRF3 also functions in the regulation of apoptosis; eRF3 is cleaved at Ala73 by an as yet unidentified protease into processed isoform of eRF3 (p-eRF3), which interacts with the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). The binding of p-eRF3 with IAPs leads to the release of active caspases from IAPs, which promotes apoptosis. Although full-length eRF3 is localized exclusively in the cytoplasm, p-eRF3 localizes in the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm. We here focused on the role of p-eRF3 in the nucleus. We identified leptomycin-sensitive nuclear export signal (NES) at amino acid residues 61-71 immediately upstream of the cleavage site Ala73. Thus, the proteolytic cleavage of eRF3 into p-eRF3 leads to release an amino-terminal fragment containing NES to allow the relocalization of eRF3 into the nucleus. Consistent with this, p-eRF3 more strongly interacted with the nuclear ARF tumor suppressor than full-length eRF3. These results suggest that while p-eRF3 interacts with IAPs to promote apoptosis in the cytoplasm, p-eRF3 also has some roles in regulating cell death in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Hashimoto
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Naomichi Kumagai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Nao Hosoda
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Hoshino
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
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