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Zhang J, Yang Z, Zhao Z, Zhang N. Structural and pharmacological insights into cordycepin for neoplasms and metabolic disorders. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1367820. [PMID: 38953102 PMCID: PMC11215060 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1367820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic adenosine analogues were among the earliest chemotherapeutic agents utilised in cancer treatment. Cordycepin, a natural derivative of adenosine discovered in the fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis, directly inhibits tumours not only by impeding biosynthesis, inducing apoptosis or autophagy, regulating the cell cycle, and curtailing tumour invasion and metastasis but also modulates the immune response within the tumour microenvironment. Furthermore, extensive research highlights cordycepin's significant therapeutic potential in alleviating hyperlipidaemia and regulating glucose metabolism. This review comprehensively analyses the structure-activity relationship of cordycepin and its analogues, outlines its pharmacokinetic properties, and strategies to enhance its bioavailability. Delving into the molecular biology, it explores the pharmacological mechanisms of cordycepin in tumour suppression and metabolic disorder treatment, thereby underscoring its immense potential in drug development within these domains and laying the groundwork for innovative treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziling Yang
- Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Verma PK, Singh RK, Kumar S, Shukla A, Kumar S, Gond MK, Bharty MK, Acharya A. Cobalt (III) complex exerts anti-cancer effects on T cell lymphoma through induction of cell cycle arrest and promotion of apoptosis. Daru 2022; 30:127-138. [PMID: 35296992 PMCID: PMC9114208 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-022-00439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cobalt-based compounds are emerging as a non-platinum-based anti-cancer effective therapeutic agent. However, there is a limited study regarding the therapeutic efficacy of Cobalt-based drugs against Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHLs) such as T cell lymphoma. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the anti-tumor role of cobalt(III) complex [Co(ptsm)NH3(o-phen)]·CH3OH on Dalton's Lymphoma (DL) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity of the cobalt complex was estimated by MTT assay. Analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential, cell cycle and Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and Annexin V/PI staining was done by Flow cytometry, while AO/EtBr staining by fluorescence microscopy in cobalt complex treated DL cell. Expression of cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory protein was analyzed by Western blotting. In addition, in vivo study of the cobalt complex was evaluated in well-established DL bearing mice by monitoring physiological parameters and mean survival time. RESULTS Our study showed that cobalt complex triggered apoptosis and induced cell cycle arrest in DL cells. Furthermore, this also decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased intracellular ROS generation in cancer cells. In addition, changed expression of cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory protein was found with enhanced activity of caspase-3 and 9 in the treated cells. Additionally, administration of cobalt complex showed a significant increase in the survivability of tumor-bearing host, which was accomplished by decreasing physiological parameters. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data revealed anti-tumor potential of cobalt complex against DL cells through cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. Henceforth, cobalt-based drugs could be a new generation therapeutic drug to treat hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Verma
- Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Rishi Kant Singh
- Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Alok Shukla
- Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Mannu Kumar Gond
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Bharty
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Arbind Acharya
- Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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Chen JL, Hung CT, Keller JJ, Lin HC, Wu YJ. Proteomic analysis of retinal pigment epithelium cells after exposure to UVA radiation. BMC Ophthalmol 2019; 19:168. [PMID: 31375076 PMCID: PMC6679551 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-019-1151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the primary cause of blindness and severe vision loss in developed countries and is responsible for 8.7% of blindness globally. Ultraviolet radiation can induce DNA breakdown, produce reactive oxygen species, and has been implicated as a risk factor for AMD. This study investigated the effects of UVA radiation on Human retinal pigment epithelial cell (ARPE-19) growth and protein expression. Methods ARPE-19 cells were irradiated with a UVA lamp at different doses (5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 J/cm2) from 10 cm. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Visual inspection was first achieved with inverted light microscopy and then the DeadEnd™ Fluorometric TUNEL System was used to observe nuclear DNA fragmentation. Flow cytometry based-Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining was used to further quantify cellular viability. Mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed with JC-1 staining. 2D electrophoresis maps of exposed cells were compared to nonexposed cells and gel images analyzed with PDQuest 2-D Analysis Software. Spots with greater than a 1.5-fold difference were selected for LC-MS/MS analysis and some confirmed by western blot. We further investigated whether caspase activation, apoptotic-related mitochondrial proteins, and regulators of ER stress sensors were involved in UVA-induced apoptosis. Results We detected 29 differentially expressed proteins (9 up-regulated and 20 down-regulated) in the exposed cells. Some of these proteins such as CALR, GRP78, NPM, Hsp27, PDI, ATP synthase subunit alpha, PRDX1, and GAPDH are associated with anti-proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and oxidative-stress protection. We also detected altered protein expression levels among caspases (caspase 3 and 9) and in the mitochondrial (cytosolic cytochrome C, AIF, Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Bax, Bad, and p-Bad) and ER stress-related (p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF4 and CHOP) apoptotic pathways. Conclusions UVA irradiation suppressed the proliferation of ARPE-19 cells in a dose-dependent manner, caused quantitative loses in transmembrane potential (ΔΨm), and induced both early and late apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Liang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Optometry, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Tzu Hung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Joseph Jordan Keller
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Master's Program, College of Health Technology, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chung Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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Wu YJ, Su TR, Dai GF, Su JH, Liu CI. Flaccidoxide-13-Acetate-Induced Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer Cells is through Activation of p38/JNK, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Regulated Pathway. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17050287. [PMID: 31086026 PMCID: PMC6562797 DOI: 10.3390/md17050287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaccidoxide-13-acetate, an active compound isolated from cultured-type soft coral Sinularia gibberosa, has been shown to have inhibitory effects against invasion and cell migration of RT4 and T24 human bladder cancer cells. In our study, we used an 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), colony formation assay, and flow cytometry to determine the mechanisms of the anti-tumor effect of flaccidoxide-13-acetate. The MTT and colony formation assays showed that the cytotoxic effect of flaccidoxide-13-acetate on T24 and RT4 cells was dose-dependent, and the number of colonies formed in the culture was reduced with increasing flaccidoxide-13-acetate concentration. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that flaccidoxide-13-acetate induced late apoptotic events in both cell lines. Additionally, we found that flaccidoxide-13-acetate treatment upregulated the expressions of cleaved caspase 3, cleaved caspase 9, Bax, and Bad, and down-regulated the expressions of Bcl-2, p-Bad, Bcl-x1, and Mcl-1. The results indicated that apoptotic events were mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction via the caspase-dependent pathway. Flaccidoxide-13-acetate also provoked endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and led to activation of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF6-CHOP pathway. Moreover, we examined the PI3K/AKT signal pathway, and found that the expressions of phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K) and AKT (p-AKT) were decreased with flaccidoxide-13-acetate concentrations. On the other hand, our results showed that the phosphorylated JNK and p38 were obviously activated. The results support the idea that flaccidoxide-13-acetate-induced apoptosis is mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, and activation of both the p38 and JNK pathways, and also relies on inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling. These findings imply that flaccidoxide-13-acetate has potential in the development of chemotherapeutic agents for human bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Technology, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
- Yu Jun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung 81363, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Rong Su
- Antai Medical Care Cooperation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 92842, Taiwan.
| | - Guo-Fong Dai
- Department of Biological Technology, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
- Yu Jun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung 81363, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-I Liu
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
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Anticancer effects and underlying mechanism of Colchicine on human gastric cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181802. [PMID: 30429232 PMCID: PMC6331673 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of Colchicine on gastric carcinoma (GC) cells and explored its possible mechanisms underlying such effects. The results of MTT and colony formation assays showed that Colchicine (2, 5, and 10 ng/ml) markedly inhibited the proliferation of AGS and NCI-N87 cells in a dose-dependent manner. It also led to a reduction in cell migration in both GC cells as determined by Transwell migration assay. Mover, data form Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cytometry assay indicated that Colchicine (2, 5, and 10 ng/ml) promoted the apoptosis of NCI-N87 cells. In addition, the release of cytochrome c, the activation of bax, and the inhibition of bcl-2 were observed in NCI-N87 cells treated with Colchicine. Furthermore, the in vivo experiment further confirmed that Colchicine administration remarkably suppressed the tumor growth in nude mice via induction of apoptosis at 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg. In addition, no visible toxicity was observed in liver and renal tissue of mice. This finding suggests that Colchicine-induced apoptosis is associated with caspase-3-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathways.
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Marzag H, Zerhouni M, Tachallait H, Demange L, Robert G, Bougrin K, Auberger P, Benhida R. Modular synthesis of new C-aryl-nucleosides and their anti-CML activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1931-1936. [PMID: 29655981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The C-aryl-ribosyles are of utmost interest for the development of antiviral and anticancer agents. Even if several synthetic pathways have been disclosed for the preparation of these nucleosides, a direct, few steps and modular approaches are still lacking. In line with our previous efforts, we report herein a one step - eco-friendly β-ribosylation of aryles and heteroaryles through a direct Friedel-Craft ribosylation mediated by bismuth triflate, Bi(OTf)3. The resulting carbohydrates have been functionalized by cross-coupling reactions, leading to a series of new C-aryl-nucleosides (32 compounds). Among them, we observed that 5d exerts promising anti-proliferative effects against two human Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) cell lines, both sensitive (K562-S) or resistant (K562-R) to imatinib, the "gold standard of care" used in this pathology. Moreover, we demonstrated that 5d kills CML cells by a non-conventional mechanism of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Marzag
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, 06108 Nice, France; Plant Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Synthesis Team, URAC23, Faculty of Sciences, B.P. 1014, GEOPAC Research Center, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Marwa Zerhouni
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Bâtiment ARCHIMED, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, BP 2 3194, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Hamza Tachallait
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, 06108 Nice, France; Plant Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Synthesis Team, URAC23, Faculty of Sciences, B.P. 1014, GEOPAC Research Center, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Luc Demange
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, 06108 Nice, France; Département de Chimie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire & UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, 45 rue des Saints Pères, Paris Fr-75006, France
| | - Guillaume Robert
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Bâtiment ARCHIMED, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, BP 2 3194, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Khalid Bougrin
- Plant Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Synthesis Team, URAC23, Faculty of Sciences, B.P. 1014, GEOPAC Research Center, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Patrick Auberger
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Bâtiment ARCHIMED, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, BP 2 3194, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Rachid Benhida
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, 06108 Nice, France; Mohamed VI Polytechnic University, UM6P, 43150 Ben Guerir, Morocco.
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Philippe C, Pinson B, Dompierre J, Pantesco V, Viollet B, Daignan-Fornier B, Moenner M. AICAR Antiproliferative Properties Involve the AMPK-Independent Activation of the Tumor Suppressors LATS 1 and 2. Neoplasia 2018; 20:555-562. [PMID: 29730476 PMCID: PMC5994775 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AICAR (Acadesine) is a pharmacological precursor of purine nucleotide biosynthesis with anti-tumoral properties. Although recognized as an AMP mimetic activator of the protein kinase AMPK, the AICAR monophosphate derivative ZMP was also shown to mediate AMPK-independent effects. In order to unveil these AMPK-independent functions, we performed a transcriptomic analysis in AMPKα1/α2 double knockout murine embryonic cells. Kinetic analysis of the cellular response to AICAR revealed the up-regulation of the large tumor suppressor kinases (Lats) 1 and 2 transcripts, followed by the repression of numerous genes downstream of the transcriptional regulators Yap1 and Taz. This transcriptional signature, together with the observation of increased levels in phosphorylation of Lats1 and Yap1 proteins, suggested that the Hippo signaling pathway was activated by AICAR. This effect was observed in both fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Knockdown of Lats1/2 prevented the cytoplasmic delocalization of Yap1/Taz proteins in response to AICAR and conferred a higher resistance to the drug. These results indicate that activation of the most downstream steps of the Hippo cascade participates to the antiproliferative effects of AICAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Philippe
- Université de Bordeaux, IBGC UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IBGC UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoît Pinson
- Université de Bordeaux, IBGC UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IBGC UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jim Dompierre
- Université de Bordeaux, IBGC UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IBGC UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Benoît Viollet
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Daignan-Fornier
- Université de Bordeaux, IBGC UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IBGC UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Michel Moenner
- Université de Bordeaux, IBGC UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IBGC UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France.
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Mangiferin prevents the growth of gastric carcinoma by blocking the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Anticancer Drugs 2018; 29:167-175. [PMID: 29215373 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of mangiferin on gastric carcinoma cells and to determine the possible mechanisms underlying such effects. The MTT assay was performed to evaluate the antiproliferative effect of mangiferin. Following treatment, apoptosis rates of SGC-7901 were established by flow cytometry and laser confocal microscopy, and western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. The MTT assay showed that mangiferin inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901 and BCG-823 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. After SGC-7901 cells were exposed to mangiferin for 24, 48 and 72 h, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration values were 16.00, 8.63 and 4.79 µmol/l, respectively. SGC-7901 cell apoptosis induced by mangiferin was observed by Annexin V/PI doubling staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive staining. We found a significant decrease in Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 expression and a significant increase in Bax, Bad and cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression in SGC-7901 cells by mangiferin treatment. Moreover, mangiferin significantly decreased the levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR, but had no effects on those of PI3K, Akt and mTOR in epidermal growth factor-treated SGC-7901 cells. Interestingly, the proapoptotic effect of mangiferin on SGC-7901 cells was partially blocked by the Akt activator SC79, whereas LY294002 significantly increased mangiferin-induced apoptosis and growth inhibition. Taken together, our findings indicate that mangiferin effectively inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis of gastric cancer cells through inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathways with relative safety, and may be used as a novel chemotherapeutic agent against gastric cancer.
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Genomic alterations during p53-dependent apoptosis induced by γ-irradiation of Molt-4 leukemia cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190221. [PMID: 29272311 PMCID: PMC5741252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Molt-4 leukemia cells undergo p53-dependent apoptosis accompanied by accumulation of de novo ceramide after 14 hours of γ-irradiation. In order to identify the potential mediators involved in ceramide accumulation and the cell death response, differentially expressed genes were identified by Affymetrix Microarray Analysis. Molt-4-LXSN cells, expressing wild type p53, and p53-deficient Molt-4-E6 cells were irradiated and harvested at 3 and 8 hours post-irradiation. Human genome U133 plus 2.0 array containing >47,000 transcripts was used for gene expression profiling. From over 10,000 probes, 281 and 12 probes were differentially expressed in Molt-4-LXSN and Molt-4-E6 cells, respectively. Data analysis revealed 63 (upregulated) and 20 (downregulated) genes (>2 fold) in Molt-4-LXSN at 3 hours and 140 (upregulated) and 21 (downregulated) at 8 hours post-irradiation. In Molt-4-E6 cells, 5 (upregulated) genes each were found at 3 hours and 8 hours, respectively. In Molt-4-LXSN cells, a significant fraction of the genes with altered expression at 3 hours were found to be involved in apoptosis signaling pathway (BCL2L11), p53 pathway (PMAIP1, CDKN1A and FAS) and oxidative stress response (FDXR, CROT and JUN). Similarly, at 8 hours the genes with altered expression were involved in the apoptosis signaling pathway (BAX, BIK and JUN), p53 pathway (BAX, CDKN1A and FAS), oxidative stress response (FDXR and CROT) and p53 pathway feedback loops 2 (MDM2 and CDKN1A). A global molecular and biological interaction map analysis showed an association of these altered genes with apoptosis, senescence, DNA damage, oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest and caspase activation. In a targeted study, activation of apoptosis correlated with changes in gene expression of some of the above genes and revealed sequential activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways that precede ceramide accumulation and subsequent execution of apoptosis. One or more of these altered genes may be involved in p53-dependent ceramide accumulation.
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Alaoui S, Dufies M, Driowya M, Demange L, Bougrin K, Robert G, Auberger P, Pagès G, Benhida R. Synthesis and anti-cancer activities of new sulfonamides 4-substituted-triazolyl nucleosides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1989-1992. [PMID: 28325600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues are among the most known drugs commonly used in antiviral and anticancer chemotherapies. Among them, those featuring a five-membered ring nucleobase are of utmost interest such as the anti-cancer agent AICAR or the anti-viral drug ribavirin. Despite its low activity in vitro in different cell lines, AICAR is under clinical development for several pathologies, thanks to its original mode of action. Indeed, AICAR induced autophagy cell death and is able, following this mechanism, to circumvent resistance to apoptotic drugs including kinase inhibitors currently on the market. To improve the activity of AICAR, we report herein an efficient synthesis of new series of sulfonamide-4-substituted-1,2,3-triazolyl nucleosides using a Cu-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. All these molecules have been fully characterized and evaluated against two aggressive tumor cell lines, RCC4 and MDA-MB-231. Among them, nucleoside analogue 5i belonging to the ribose series was found to be 19 to 66-fold more active than AICAR. Western blot analyses on RCC4 cells showed that 5i displayed an interesting mode of action by inducing both apoptosis and autophagy cell death, making therefore this class of molecules highly promising for further hit-to-lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Alaoui
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, 06108 Nice, France; Laboratoire de Chimie des Plantes et de Synthèse Organique et Bioorganique, URAC23, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V, B.P. 1014 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Maeva Dufies
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284 and INSERM U 1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Mohsine Driowya
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Plantes et de Synthèse Organique et Bioorganique, URAC23, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V, B.P. 1014 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Luc Demange
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, 06108 Nice, France; Département de Chimie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire & UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, 45 rue des Saints Pères, Paris Fr-75006, France
| | - Khalid Bougrin
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Plantes et de Synthèse Organique et Bioorganique, URAC23, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V, B.P. 1014 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Guillaume Robert
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Bâtiment ARCHIMED, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, BP 2 3194, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Patrick Auberger
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Bâtiment ARCHIMED, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, BP 2 3194, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Gilles Pagès
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284 and INSERM U 1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Rachid Benhida
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, 06108 Nice, France.
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Dai J, Sun Y, Yan L, Wang J, Li X, He J. Upregulation of NOXA by 10-Hydroxycamptothecin plays a key role in inducing fibroblasts apoptosis and reducing epidural fibrosis. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2858. [PMID: 28097065 PMCID: PMC5237371 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibrosis that develops following laminectomy or discectomy often causes serious complications, and the proliferation of fibroblasts is thought to be the major cause of epidural fibrosis. 10-Hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) has been proven to be efficient in preventing epidural fibrosis, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. NOXA is a significant regulator of cell apoptosis, which has been reported to be beneficial in the treatment of fibrosis. We performed a series of experiments, both in vitro and in vivo, to explore the intrinsic mechanism of HCPT that underlies the induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts, and also to investigate whether HCPT has positive effects on epidural fibrosis following laminectomy in rats. Fibroblasts were cultured in vitro and stimulated by varying concentrations of HCPT (0, 1, 2, 4 µg/ml) for various durations (0, 24, 48, 72 h); the effect of HCPT in inducing the apoptosis of fibroblasts was investigated via Western blots and TUNEL assay. Our results showed that HCPT could induce apoptosis in fibroblasts and up-regulate the expression of NOXA. Following the knockdown of NOXA in fibroblasts, the results of Western blot analysis showed that the level of apoptotic markers, such as cleaved-PARP and Bax, was decreased. The results from the TUNEL assay also showed a decreased rate of apoptosis in NOXA-knocked down fibroblasts. For the in vivo studies, we performed a laminectomy at the L1-L2 levels in rats and applied HCPT of different concentrations (0.2, 0.1, 0.05 mg/ml and saline) locally; the macroscopic histological assessment, hydroxyproline content analysis and histological staining were performed to evaluate the effect of HCPT on reducing epidural fibrosis. The TUNEL assay in epidural tissues showed that HCPT could obviously induce apoptosis in fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Also, immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of NOXA increased as the concentrations of HCPT increased. Our findings are the first to demonstrate that upregulation of NOXA by HCPT plays a key role in inducing fibroblast apoptosis and in reducing epidural fibrosis. These findings might provide a potential therapeutic target for preventing epidural fibrosis following laminectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihang Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical medical college of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical medical college of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou, China
| | - Lianqi Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical medical college of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou, China
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical medical college of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical medical college of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical medical college of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou, China
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12
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Lin JJ, Wang RYL, Chen JC, Chiu CC, Liao MH, Wu YJ. Cytotoxicity of 11-epi-Sinulariolide Acetate Isolated from Cultured Soft Corals on HA22T Cells through the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111787. [PMID: 27801783 PMCID: PMC5133788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds from soft corals have been increasingly used for their antitumor therapeutic properties. This study examined 11-epi-sinulariolide acetate (11-epi-SA), an active compound isolated from the cultured soft coral Sinularia flexibilis, to determine its potential antitumor effect on four hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Cell viability was investigated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and the results demonstrated that 11-epi-SA treatment showed more cytotoxic effect toward HA22T cells. Protein profiling of the 11-epi-SA-treated HA22T cells revealed substantial protein alterations associated with stress response and protein synthesis and folding, suggesting that the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) play roles in 11-epi-SA-initiated apoptosis. Moreover, 11-epi-SA activated caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death, suggesting that mitochondria-related apoptosis genes were involved in programmed cell death. The unfolded protein response signaling pathway-related proteins were also activated on 11-epi-SA treatment, and these changes were accompanied by the upregulated expression of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein (GADD153) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP), the genes encoding transcription factors associated with growth arrest and apoptosis under prolonged ER stress. Two inhibitors, namely salubrinal (Sal) and SP600125, partially abrogated 11-epi-SA-related cell death, implying that the protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)–activating transcription factor (ATF) 6–CHOP or the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α)–c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)–cJun signal pathway was activated after 11-epi-SA treatment. In general, these results suggest that 11-epi-SA exerts cytotoxic effects on HA22T cells through mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Jie Lin
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Robert Y L Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkuo 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Jiing-Chuan Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hui Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
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13
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Wu YJ, Wong BS, Yea SH, Lu CI, Weng SH. Sinularin Induces Apoptosis through Mitochondria Dysfunction and Inactivation of the pI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Gastric Carcinoma Cells. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14080142. [PMID: 27472346 PMCID: PMC4999903 DOI: 10.3390/md14080142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinularin is an active compound isolated from the cultured soft coral Sinularia flexibilis. In this study, we investigated the effects of sinularin on two human gastric cancer cell lines, AGS and NCI-N87. Our results demonstrated that sinularin suppressed the proliferation of gastric cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis. In addition, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, the release of cytochrome C, the activation of Bax, Bad and caspase-3/9, and the suppression of p-Bad, Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 were observed in the cells treated with sinularin. This finding suggests that sinularin-induced apoptosis is associated with mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and occurs through caspase-dependent pathways. Furthermore, sinularin inhibited the phosphoinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mechanistic target of the rapamycin signaling pathway. Taken together, our results show that sinularin-induced apoptosis is mediated by activation of the caspase cascade and mitochondrial dysfunction. Our findings suggest that sinularin merits further evaluation as a chemotherapeutic agent for human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
| | - Bing-Sang Wong
- Antai Medical Care Cooperation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 92842, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Hao Yea
- Yu Jun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Kaoshiun 91202, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-I Lu
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
| | - Shun-Hsiang Weng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
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14
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Liu Z, Luo Q, Guo C. Bim and VDAC1 are hierarchically essential for mitochondrial ATF2 mediated cell death. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:34. [PMID: 25852302 PMCID: PMC4387661 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATF2 mediated cytochrome c release is the formation of a channel with some unknown factors larger than that of the individual proteins. BHS-only proteins (BH3s), such as Bim, could induce BAX and VDAC, forming a new channel. According to this facts, we can speculated that there is possible signal relationship with BH3s and ATF2, which is associated with mitochondrial-based death programs. METHODS The growth inhibitory effects of mitochondrial ATF2 were tested in cancer cell lines B16F10, A549, EG7, and LL2. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. The effects of ATF2 and levels of apoptosis regulatory proteins were measured by Western blotting. The interaction of proteins were evaluated by immunoprecipitation analysis. The in vivo antitumor activity of mitochondrial ATF2 were tested in xenograft B16F10 models. RESULTS Genotoxic stress enabled mitochondrial ATF2 accumulation, perturbing the HK1-VDAC1 complex, increasing mitochondrial permeability, and promoting apoptosis. ATF2 inhibition strongly reduced the conformational activation of Bim, suggesting that Bim acts downstream of ATF2. Although Bim downregulation had no effect on ATF2 activation, Bim knockdown abolished VDAC1 activation; the failure of VDAC1 activation in Bim-depleted cells could be reversed by the BH3-only protein mimic ABT-737. We also demonstrate that silencing of ATF2 in B16F10 cells increases both the incidence and prevalence of tumor xenografts in vivo, whereas stably mitochondrial ATF2 transfection inhibited B16F10 tumor xenografts growth. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results show that ATF2 is a component of the apoptosis machinery that involves a hierarchical contribution of ATF2, Bim, and VDAC1. Our data offer new insight into the mechanism of mitochondrial ATF2 in mitochondrial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Liu
- Laboratory of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014 P. R. China
| | - Qianfu Luo
- Laboratory of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014 P. R. China
| | - Chunbao Guo
- Laboratory of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014 P. R. China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, P. R. China
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15
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ZNF667/Mipu1 is a novel anti-apoptotic factor that directly regulates the expression of the rat Bax gene in H9c2 cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111653. [PMID: 25397408 PMCID: PMC4232351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
ZNF667/Mipu1, a C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factor, was suggested to play an important role in oxidative stress. However, none of the target genes or potential roles of ZNF667 in cardiomyocytes have been elucidated. Here, we investigated the functional role of ZNF667 in H9c2 cell lines focusing on its molecular mechanism by which it protects the cells from apoptosis. We found that ZNF667 inhibited the expression and the promoter activity of the rat proapoptotic gene Bax gene, and at the same time prevented apoptosis of H9c2 cells, induced by H2O2 and Dox. Western immunoblotting analysis revealed that ZNF667 also inhibited Bax protein expression, accompanied by attenuation of the mitochondrial translocation of Bax protein, induced by H2O2. EMSA and target detection assay showed that the purified ZNF667 fusion proteins could interact with the Bax promoter sequence in vitro, and this interaction was dependent upon the ZNF667 DNA binding sequences or its core sequence in the promoter. Furthermore, ChIP assay demonstrated that a stimulus H2O2 could enhance the ability of ZNF667 protein binding to the promoter. Finally, a reporter gene assay showed that ZNF667 could repress the activity of the Bax gene promoter, and the repression was dependent upon its binding to the specific DNA sequence in the promoter. Our work demonstrates that ZNF667 that confers cytoprotection is a novel regulator of the rat Bax gene, mediating the inhibition of the Bax mRNA and protein expression in H9c2 cardiomyocytes in response to H2O2 treatment.
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16
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Chen KH, Hsu HH, Lee CC, Yen TH, Ko YC, Yang CW, Hung CC. The AMPK agonist AICAR inhibits TGF-β1 induced activation of kidney myofibroblasts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106554. [PMID: 25188319 PMCID: PMC4154690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of interstitial myofibroblasts and excessive production of extracellular matrix proteins are common pathways that contribute to chronic kidney disease. In a number of tissues, AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) activation has been shown to inhibit fibrosis. Here, we examined the inhibitory effect of the AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), on renal fibrosis invivo and TGF-β1-induced renal fibroblasts activation invitro. A unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model was induced in male BALB/c mice. Mice with UUO were administered AICAR (500 mg/Kg/day) or saline intraperitoneally 1 day before UUO surgery and daily thereafter. Both kidneys were harvested 7 days after surgery for further analysis. For the in vitro studies, NRK-49F rat fibroblasts were pre-incubated with AICAR before TGF-β1 stimulation. The inhibitory effects of AICAR on signaling pathways down-stream of TGF-β1 were analyzed. In UUO model mice, administration of AICAR attenuated extracellular matrix protein deposition and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), type I collagen and fibronectin. Pre-incubation of NRK-49F cells with AICAR inhibited TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast activation. Silencing of AMPKα1 by siRNA or by blocking AMPK activation with Compound C diminished the inhibitory effect of AICAR. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of AICAR on TGF-β1-mediated myofibroblast activation were associated with down-regulation of ERK 1/2 and STAT3. Our results suggest that AICAR reduces tubulointerstitial fibrosis in UUO mice and inhibits TGF-β1-induced kidney myofibroblast activation. AMPK activation by AICAR may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hsing Chen
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Hao Hsu
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Lee
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hai Yen
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Ko
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Yang
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Hung
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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17
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Russe OQ, Möser CV, Kynast KL, King TS, Olbrich K, Grösch S, Geisslinger G, Niederberger E. LPS inhibits caspase 3-dependent apoptosis in RAW264.7 macrophages induced by the AMPK activator AICAR. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 447:520-5. [PMID: 24732361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated kinase is a cellular energy sensor which is activated in stages of increased ATP consumption. Its activation has been associated with a number of beneficial effects such as decreasing inflammatory processes and the disease progress of diabetes and obesity, respectively. Furthermore, AMPK activation has been linked with induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer and vascular cells, indicating that it might have a therapeutic impact for the treatment of cancer and atherosclerosis. However, the impact of AMPK on the proliferation of macrophages, which also play a key role in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and in inflammatory processes, has not been focused so far. We have assessed the influence of AICAR- and metformin-induced AMPK activation on cell viability of macrophages with and without inflammatory stimulation, respectively. In cells without inflammatory stimulation, we found a strong induction of caspase 3-dependent apoptosis associated with decreased mTOR levels and increased expression of p21. Interestingly, these effects could be inhibited by co-stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) but not by other proinflammatory cytokines suggesting that AICAR induces apoptosis via AMPK in a TLR4-pathway dependent manner. In conclusion, our results revealed that AMPK activation is not only associated with positive effects but might also contribute to risk factors by disturbing important features of macrophages. The fact that LPS is able to restore AMPK-associated apoptosis might indicate an important role of TLR4 agonists in preventing unfavorable cell death of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Quintus Russe
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Christine V Möser
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Katharina L Kynast
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Tanya S King
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Katrin Olbrich
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Sabine Grösch
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Ellen Niederberger
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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18
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Zadra G, Photopoulos C, Tyekucheva S, Heidari P, Weng QP, Fedele G, Liu H, Scaglia N, Priolo C, Sicinska E, Mahmood U, Signoretti S, Birnberg N, Loda M. A novel direct activator of AMPK inhibits prostate cancer growth by blocking lipogenesis. EMBO Mol Med 2014; 6:519-38. [PMID: 24497570 PMCID: PMC3992078 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201302734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
5′AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) constitutes a hub for cellular metabolic and growth control, thus representing an ideal therapeutic target for prostate cancers (PCas) characterized by increased lipogenesis and activation of mTORC1 pathway. However, whether AMPK activation itself is sufficient to block cancer cell growth remains to be determined. A small molecule screening was performed and identified MT 63–78, a specific and potent direct AMPK activator. Here, we show that direct activation of AMPK inhibits PCa cell growth in androgen sensitive and castration resistant PCa (CRPC) models, induces mitotic arrest, and apoptosis. In vivo, AMPK activation is sufficient to reduce PCa growth, whereas the allelic loss of its catalytic subunits fosters PCa development. Importantly, despite mTORC1 blockade, the suppression of de novo lipogenesis is the underpinning mechanism responsible for AMPK-mediated PCa growth inhibition, suggesting AMPK as a therapeutic target especially for lipogenesis-driven PCas. Finally, we demonstrate that MT 63–78 enhances the growth inhibitory effect of AR signaling inhibitors MDV3100 and abiraterone. This study thus provides a rationale for their combined use in CRPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Zadra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Chen YJ, Su JH, Tsao CY, Hung CT, Chao HH, Lin JJ, Liao MH, Yang ZY, Huang HH, Tsai FJ, Weng SH, Wu YJ. Sinulariolide induced hepatocellular carcinoma apoptosis through activation of mitochondrial-related apoptotic and PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP pathway. Molecules 2013; 18:10146-61. [PMID: 23973991 PMCID: PMC6270604 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180910146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinulariolide, an active compound isolated from the cultured soft coral Sinularia flexibilis, has potent anti-microbial and anti-tumorigenesis effects towards melanoma and bladder cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of sinulariolide on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell growth and protein expression. Sinulariolide suppressed the proliferation and colony formation of HCC HA22T cells in a dose-dependent manner and induced both early and late apoptosis according to flow cytometry, Annexin V/PI stain and TUNEL/DAPI stain analyses. A mechanistic analysis demonstrated that sinulariolide-induced apoptosis was activated through a mitochondria-related pathway, showing up-regulation of Bax, Bad and AIF, and down- regulation of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, MCl-1 and p-Bad. Sinulariolide treatment led to loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c to the cytosol, and activation of both caspase-9 and caspase-3. Sinulariolide-induced apoptosis was significantly blocked by the caspase inhibitors Z-VAD-FMK and Z-DEVD-FMK. The increased expression of cleaved PARP also suggested that caspase-independent apoptotic pathway was involved. In the western blotting; the elevation of ER chaperones GRP78; GRP94; and CALR; as well as up-regulations of PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP; and diminished cell death with pre-treatment of eIF2α phosphatase inhibitor; salubrinal; implicated the involvement of ER stress-mediated PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP apoptotic pathway following sinulariolide treatment in hepatoma cells. The current study suggested sinulariolide-induced hepatoma cell cytotoxicity involved multiple apoptotic signal pathways. This may implicate that sinulariolide is a potential compound for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jen Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80761, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Chia-Yu Tsao
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Chun-Tzu Hung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yuan’s General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80249, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Hsiang-Hao Chao
- English Division of the Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02091, Poland; E-Mail:
| | - Jen-Jie Lin
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mails: (J.-J.L.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - Ming-Hui Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mails: (J.-J.L.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - Zih-Yan Yang
- Graduate Institute of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Han Hisang Huang
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mails: (H.H.H.); (F.-J.T.)
| | - Feng-Jen Tsai
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mails: (H.H.H.); (F.-J.T.)
| | - Shun-Hsiang Weng
- Department of Hospitality Management, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mails: (H.H.H.); (F.-J.T.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: or ; Tel.: +886-8-779-9821 (ext. 8613); Fax: +886-8-779-7821
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