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Badr AM, Sherif IO, Mahran YF, Attia HA. Role of Renin-Angiotensin System in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver. THE RENIN ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM IN CANCER, LUNG, LIVER AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023:179-197. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-23621-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
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Chang JG, Tien N, Chang YC, Lin ML, Chen SS. Oxidative Stress-Induced Unscheduled CDK1-Cyclin B1 Activity Impairs ER-Mitochondria-Mediated Bioenergetic Metabolism. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061280. [PMID: 34064109 PMCID: PMC8224302 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting the activities of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial-dependent metabolic reprogramming is considered one of the most promising strategies for cancer treatment. Here, we present biochemical subcellular fractionation, coimmunoprecipitation, gene manipulation, and pharmacologic evidence that induction of mitochondria-localized phospho (p)-cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) (Thr 161)-cyclin B1 complexes by apigenin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells impairs the ER-mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox regulation of calcium (Ca++) homeostasis through suppressing the B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2)/BCL-2/B-cell lymphoma-extra large (BCL-xL)-modulated anti-apoptotic and metabolic functions. Using a specific inducer, inhibitor, or short hairpin RNA for acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) demonstrated that enhanced lipid raft-associated ASM activity confers alteration of the lipid composition of lipid raft membranes, which leads to perturbation of protein trafficking, and induces formation of p110α free p85α-unphosphorylated phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 complexes in the lipid raft membranes, causing disruption of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt)-GTP-ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1)-mediated signaling, thus triggering the p-CDK1 (Thr 161))-cyclin B1-mediated BCL-2 (Thr 69/Ser 87)/BCL-xL (Ser 62) phosphorylation and accompanying impairment of ER-mitochondria-regulated bioenergetic, redox, and Ca++ homeostasis. Inhibition of apigenin-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by a ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine blocked the lipid raft membrane localization and activation of ASM and formation of ceramide-enriched lipid raft membranes, returned PI3K-Akt-GTP-Rac1-modulated CDK1-cyclin B1 activity, and subsequently restored the BCL-2/BCL-xL-regulated ER-mitochondrial bioenergetic activity. Thus, this study reveals a novel molecular mechanism of the pro-apoptotic activity of ASM controlled by oxidative stress to modulate the ER-mitochondrial bioenergetic metabolism, as well as suggests the disruption of CDK1-cyclin B1-mediated BCL-2/BCL-xL oncogenic activity by triggering oxidative stress-ASM-induced PI3K-Akt-GTP-Rac1 inactivation as a therapeutic approach for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Gowth Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404394, Taiwan; (J.-G.C.); (N.T.)
| | - Ni Tien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404394, Taiwan; (J.-G.C.); (N.T.)
| | - Yi-Chih Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan;
| | - Meng-Liang Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404394, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-L.L.); (S.-S.C.); Tel.: +886-42-205-3366 (ext. 7211) (M.-L.L.); +886-42-239-1647 (ext. 7057) (S.-S.C.)
| | - Shih-Shun Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 406053, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-L.L.); (S.-S.C.); Tel.: +886-42-205-3366 (ext. 7211) (M.-L.L.); +886-42-239-1647 (ext. 7057) (S.-S.C.)
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Zheng P, Cui N. Msi1 inhibits cervical cancer cell apoptosis by downregulating BAK through AKT signaling. J Cancer 2021; 12:2422-2429. [PMID: 33758618 PMCID: PMC7974892 DOI: 10.7150/jca.52950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Musashi-1 (Msi1) is an RNA binding protein that functions as a regulator in multiple carcinomas. Our previous study demonstrated that Msi1 could promote the proliferation of cervical cancer cells by targeting the cell cycle proteins P21, P27 and P53. However, the mechanisms by which Msi1 affects the survival of cervical cancer cells, such as apoptosis, are still unclear. In this study, we found that the expression of Msi1 inhibited cervical cancer cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the expression of Msi1 downregulated the expression of PTEN, while AKT signaling was activated, which resulted in a reduction in the proapoptotic protein BAK. In addition, rescue the expression of BAK in Msi1 expressing cervical cancer cells induced the increase of apoptosis cells. These findings indicate that Msi1 regulates cervical cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting PTEN and activating AKT signaling, which leads to the downregulation of BAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.,Section of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yanru Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.,Section of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - PengSheng Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.,Section of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Nan Cui
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.,Section of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
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Renoprotective effects of Gushen Jiedu capsule on diabetic nephropathy in rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2040. [PMID: 32029775 PMCID: PMC7005167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gushen Jiedu capsule (GSJD) is a formula that has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the mechanism underlying the protective effects of GSJD on DN is still unclear. This study was performed to clarify the therapeutic effects of GSJD on DN and its underlying mechanisms. High-fat diet- and streptozotocin-induced DN rats were treated with or without GSJD suspension by gavage for 8 weeks, and biochemical changes in blood and urine were analysed. Kidneys were isolated for histological, TUNEL and Western blot analysis. Compared to the DN group, the GSJD-treated groups exhibited decreased urinary albumin, ameliorated renal dysfunction, including serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, and attenuated total cholesterol, triglyceride and total protein levels. However, there were no significant effects of GSJD on body weight, fasting blood glucose or albuminuria. Histology showed that GSJD could retard the progression of DN and decrease the apoptosis rate from 52% to less than 20%. Western blot analysis showed that GSJD could regulate the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by downregulating the expression of Bax and upregulating the expression of BCL-2 in the kidneys of DN rats. Moreover, the Akt pathway, an upstream signalling pathway of the BCL-2 family, was also ameliorated by GSJD. Further, the podocyte foot process markers podocin and nephrin were upregulated by GSJD in DN rats. This study demonstrated that GSJD might play a renoprotective role by inhibiting apoptosis and regulating the mitochondrial apoptotic and Akt pathways during pathological changes in DN.
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Lv M, Shao S, Zhang Q, Zhuang X, Qiao T. Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid Exerts the Anti-Cancer Effects via Cell Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis Induction and Autophagy Suppression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:733-744. [PMID: 32158225 PMCID: PMC6986255 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s236346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) is a triterpenoid, which is the main component of boswellic acid from Boswellia Serrata, a medicinal plant that has shown immense potential in anti-cancer therapy. This study aims to explore the roles and molecular mechanisms of AKBA on cell behavior in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Materials and Methods The effects of AKBA on the cell viability in A549, H460, H1299, and BEAS-2B cells were determined by the CCK-8 assay. The colony formation assay was used to identify the effects of AKBA on cell proliferation. Potential roles of AKBA in regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy in A549 were evaluated by flow cytometry, Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunofluorescence (IF). Results AKBA reduced cell viability in A549, H460, H1299, and BEAS-2B. In A549 cells, AKBA suppressed the clone formation, arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, induced cellular apoptosis. We found that AKBA suppressed the formation of autolysosome, and decreased the expression levels of Beclin-1, LC3A/B-I, and LC3A/B-II proteins. Furthermore, AKBA also inhibited the expression levels of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway proteins. Conclusion AKBA exerts the anti-cancer effects via cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, and autophagy suppression in NSCLC cells. This body of evidence supports the potential of AKBA as a promising drug in the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghe Lv
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Shali Shao
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Xibing Zhuang
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiankui Qiao
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
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Recent advances in α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds as mitochondrial toxins. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111687. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Downregulation of miR-144 by triptolide enhanced p85α-PTEN complex formation causing S phase arrest of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 855:137-148. [PMID: 31059711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Selective pharmacologic targeting of cell cycle regulators is a potent anti-cancer therapeutic strategy. Here, we show that caspase-3-mediated p21 cleavage involves p53 independent of triptolide (TPL)-induced S phase arrest in human type 1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. Coimmunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that TPL causes S phase cell cycle arrest by suppressing the formation of cyclin A-phosphor (p)-cyclin-dependent kinas 2 (CDK2) (Thr 39) complexes. Ectopic expression of constitutively active protein kinase B1 (Akt1) blocks the induction of S phase arrest and the suppression of cyclin A expression and CDK2 Thr 39 phosphorylation by TPL. Expression of the phosphomimetic mutant CDK2 (T39E) rescues the cells from TPL-induced S phase arrest, whereas phosphorylation-deficient CDK2 (T39A) expression regulates cell growth with significant S phase arrest and enhances TPL-triggered S phase arrest. Treatment with TPL induces an increase in the formation of complexes between unphosphorylated phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN) and p85α in the plasma membrane. Decreased microRNA (miR)-144 expression and increased PTEN expression after TPL treatment were demonstrated, and TPL-enhanced p85α-PTEN complexes and inhibitory effects on Akt (Ser 473) phosphorylation and S phase arrest were suppressed by ectopic PTEN short hairpin RNA or miR-144 expression. Knockdown of endogenous miR-144 by miR-144 Trap upregulated PTEN expression and accordingly enhanced p85α-PTEN complex formation and S phase arrest. Collectively, the effect of TPL on S phase arrest in human NPC cells is likely to enhance the p85α-PTEN interaction in the plasma membrane by suppressing miR-144 expression, resulting in the attenuation of cyclin A-p-CDK2 (Thr 39) complex formation via Akt inactivation.
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8
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Cao X, Song LN, Zhang YC, Li Q, Shi TT, Yang FY, Yuan MX, Xin Z, Yang JK. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated pathway to preserve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3123. [PMID: 30604460 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous works indicated that the stress on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) affected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, there is no clear evident on the effect of the regulation of ER stress by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the prevention of NAFLD. METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with thapsigargin (Tg) or palmitic acid (PA). We analysed ACE2 expression using Western-blotting analyses. ER stress-related proteins were detected in ACE2 knockout mice and Ad-ACE2-treated db/db mice by immunofluorescence or Western-blotting analyses. In ACE2-overexpression HepG2 cells, the triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and glycogen content were detected by assay kits. Meanwhile, the expression of hepatic lipogenic proteins (ACCα, SREBP-1c, FAS, and LXRα), enzymes for gluconeogenesis (PEPCK, G6Pase, and IRS2), and IKKβ/NFκB/IRS1/Akt pathway were analysed by Western-blotting analyses. RESULTS ACE2 was significantly increased in Tg/PA-induced cultured hepatocytes. Additionally, ACE2 knockout mice displayed elevated levels of ER stress, while Ad-ACE2-treated db/db mice showed reduced ER stress in liver. Furthermore, activation of ACE2 can ameliorate ER stress, accompanied by decreased TG content, increased intracellular glycogen, and downregulated expression of hepatic lipogenic proteins and enzymes for gluconeogenesis in Tg/PA-induced hepatocytes. As a consequence of anti-ER stress, the activation of ACE2 led to improved glucose and lipid metabolism through the IKKβ/NFκB/IRS1/Akt pathway. CONCLUSIONS This is the first time documented that ACE2 had a notable alleviating role in ER stress-induced hepatic steatosis and glucose metabolism via the IKKβ/NFκB/IRS1/Akt-mediated pathway. This study may further provide insight into a novel underlying mechanism and a strategy for treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Physiology and Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Li-Ni Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Chen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Xia Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Xin
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Kui Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Citrate-Induced p85α⁻PTEN Complex Formation Causes G 2/M Phase Arrest in Human Pharyngeal Squamous Carcinoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092105. [PMID: 31035650 PMCID: PMC6539620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrate is a key intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and acts as an allosteric signal to regulate the production of cellular ATP. An elevated cytosolic citrate concentration inhibits growth in several types of human cancer cells; however, the underlying mechanism by which citrate induces the growth arrest of cancer cells remains unclear. The results of this study showed that treatment of human pharyngeal squamous carcinoma (PSC) cells with a growth-suppressive concentration of citrate caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. A coimmunoprecipitation study demonstrated that citrate-induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase was associated with stabilizing the formation of cyclin B1-phospho (p)-cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) (Thr 161) complexes. The citrate-induced increased levels of cyclin B1 and G2/M phase arrest were suppressed by the caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CMK and caspase-3 cleavage of mutant p21 (D112N). Ectopic expression of the constitutively active form of protein kinase B (Akt1) could overcome the induction of p21 cleavage, cyclin B1-p-CDK1 (Thr 161) complexes, and G2/M phase arrest by citrate. p85α-phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN) complex-mediated inactivation of Akt was required for citrate-induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest because PTEN short hairpin RNA or a PTEN inhibitor (SF1670) blocked the suppression of Akt Ser 473 phosphorylation and the induction of cyclin B1-p-CDK1 (Thr 161) complexes and G2/M phase arrest by citrate. In conclusion, citrate induces G2/M phase arrest in PSC cells by inducing the formation of p85α-PTEN complexes to attenuate Akt-mediated signaling, thereby causing the formation of cyclin B1-p-CDK1 (Thr 161) complexes.
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Chen K, Lin ZW, He SM, Wang CQ, Yang JC, Lu Y, Xie XB, Li Q. Metformin inhibits the proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes through IGF-IR/PI3K/AKT/m-TOR pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108875. [PMID: 31028998 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which synovial fibroblast-like cells (FLSs) play an important role in RA development and is known to be lack of effective therapy. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies are greatly needed for treatment of RA. Metformin, a first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, has been reported to inhibit the proliferation of a variety of tumor cells. In this study, we demonstrated that metformin could inhibit the RA-FLS proliferation in dose- and time-dependent manner. Our cell viability MTT test and 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine incorporation assay showed that metformin inhibited the RA-FLSs proliferation with a time- and concentration-dependent increase. More importantly, metformin induced G2/M cell cycle phase arrest in RA-FLS via the IGF-IR/PI3K/AKT/ m-TOR pathway and inhibited m-TOR phosphorylation through both the IGF-IR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways thereby further upregulating and down-regulating p70s6k and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation, respectively; however, metformin was found not to induce apoptosis in RA-FLSs. In summary, these results demonstrate that metformin can effectively inhibit RA-FLS proliferation through inducing cell cycle and upregulating and down-regulating p70s6k and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation. Moreover, IGF-IR/PI3K/AKT m-TOR signaling pathway can be regulated by metformin. Our results indicate that metformin may provide a new way of thinking for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China; Department of Orthopedics, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, 516002, China
| | - Zhao-Wei Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
| | - Sheng-Mao He
- Department of orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Cheng-Qiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
| | - Jian-Cheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China.
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Abbas SH, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Shoman ME, Montano MM, Hassan HA. New quinoline/chalcone hybrids as anti-cancer agents: Design, synthesis, and evaluations of cytotoxicity and PI3K inhibitory activity. Bioorg Chem 2018; 82:360-377. [PMID: 30428415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of quinoline-chalcone hybrids was designed as potential anti-cancer agents, synthesized and evaluated. Different cytotoxic assays revealed that compounds experienced promising activity. Compounds 9i and 9j were the most potent against all the cell lines tested with IC50 = 1.91-5.29 µM against A549 and K-562 cells. Mechanistically, 9i and 9j induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in both A549 and K562 cells. Moreover, all PI3K isoforms were inhibited non selectively with IC50s of 52-473 nM when tested against the two mentioned compounds with 9i being most potent against PI3K-γ (IC50 = 52 nM). Docking of 9i and 9j showed a possible formation of H-bonding with essential valine residues in the active site of PI3K-γ isoform. Meanwhile, Western blotting analysis revealed that 9i and 9j inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, as well as GSK-3β in both A549 and K562 cells, suggesting the correlation of blocking PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway with the above antitumor activities. Together, our findings support the antitumor potential of quinoline-chalcone derivatives for NSCLC and CML by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar H Abbas
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Amer Ali Abd El-Hafeez
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt; Pharmacology Department, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Pharmacotherapy Department, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Mai E Shoman
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Monica M Montano
- Pharmacology Department, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Heba A Hassan
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
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High Concentration of Glucose Increases Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Apoptosis Induced by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway in Rabbit Corneal Epithelial Cells. J Ophthalmol 2018; 2018:8234906. [PMID: 30116634 PMCID: PMC6079449 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8234906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of high concentration of glucose on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in rabbit corneal epithelial cells (RECEs) and explore whether the increased ROS initiates the apoptosis process of RECEs through oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Methods RECEs were treated by different concentrations of glucose for a while, and then the production of ROS was detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of PERK, p-PERK, Akt, p-Akt, and CHOP were determined by western blot, and the cell viability was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Flow cytometry was used to detect the early apoptosis rate. Meanwhile, the effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an active oxygen inhibitor, on the experimental results were observed. Results Compared with the normal glucose concentration group, the fluorescence intensity of ROS in the high concentration (1 mM glucose) of glucose group was significantly increased (P < 0.05). NAC-inhibited ROS production was induced by high concentration of glucose (P < 0.05).Western blot demonstrated that the expressions of the p-PERK and CHOP increased significantly (P < 0.05), the p-Akt expression decreased (P < 0.05), and the PERK and Akt expressions did not change significantly in the high concentration of glucose group compared to the normal concentration group. CCK-8 results revealed that compared with the normal concentration of glucose group, the cell activity of the high concentration of glucose group decreased. For the cells in the high concentration of glucose group, the cell survival rate of NAC-treated cells was higher than that of untreated (P < 0.05). The flow cytometry results indicated that the early apoptosis rate of the cells in the high concentration of glucose group increased in contrast with that in the normal concentration of glucose group (P < 0.05). Treating the cells in the high concentration of glucose group with NAC could reduce the cell apoptosis resulted from high glucose (P < 0.05). Conclusions High concentration of glucose may induce the formation of ROS which leads to oxidative stress and ER stress in RECEs and even leads to cell apoptosis. The reactive oxygen inhibitor, NAC, can play a protective character in the high concentration of glucose environment. These results might provide theoretical basis for the study of the diabetes-related dry eye.
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Hung KC, Lin ML, Hsu SW, Lee CC, Huang RY, Wu TS, Chen SS. Suppression of Akt-mediated HDAC3 expression and CDK2 T39 phosphorylation by a bichalcone analog contributes to S phase retardation of cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 829:141-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Qiao F, Ge H, Ma X, Zhang Y, Zuo Z, Wang M, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Bovine uterus-derived exosomes improve developmental competence of somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos. Theriogenology 2018; 114:199-205. [PMID: 29653387 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes widely exist in various tissues and body fluids, including blood, tissue fluid, and urine. In the present study, exosomes were first isolated from the early luteal phase uterus and confirmed through morphological examination, immunofluorescence (IF) staining of special membrane antigen, and Western blot. The effects of exosomes on the developmental competence of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos were investigated. Transmission electron microscopy results showed that the isolated exsomes were spherical particles with a 50 nm-150 nm diameter. Immunostaining showed that the surface of these isolated particles were CD9 positive, which was confirmed using Western blot. Supplementing SCNT embryos with these isolated exsomes on day 4 of culture significantly increased the blastocyst formation rate (31% vs. 34%, 40.3%, and 34.3%) and hatching rate (30.3% vs. 33.3%, 40.7%, and 35%) in comparison with the non-supplementation (control), and day 3 and day 5 supplementation groups. Blastocysts from the exsome supplementation groups showed higher inner cell mass/trophectoderm cell ratio (48% vs 37.9%) and lower apoptosis index (2.1% vs 6.5%) than the control group. The gene expression analysis of the blastocysts also showed that the exsomes supplementation significantly enhanced the expression levels of IFNT and acrogranin and decreased the expression levels of HSP70, BAX and BIP. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the early luteal phase uterus secretes exosomes, which might play important roles in the development of SCNT embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Hui Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Zhenzi Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Mengyun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
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Wu MH, Chiou HL, Lin CL, Lin CY, Yang SF, Hsieh YH. Induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction dependent apoptosis signaling pathway in human renal cancer cells by norcantharidin. Oncotarget 2017; 9:4787-4797. [PMID: 29435141 PMCID: PMC5797012 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies reported that norcantharidin (NCTD) has anti-tumor effects. We investigated the antitumor effects and underlying mechanism of NCTD on human renal cancer in vitro and in vivo. NCTD significantly decreased renal cancer cell viability by induction of apoptosis, as determined by the MTT assay and annexin V/PI staining. NCTD treatment of 786-O and A-498 cells altered the expression of caspase family proteins and PARP. Moreover, NCTD induced mitochondrial depolarization, which was accompanied by an increased level of Bax and decreased levels of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. NCTD induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by increasing the expression of Grp78, p-elF2α, ATF4, and CHOP. Pretreatment with an ER stress inhibitor (salubrinal) significantly attenuated the effect of NCTD. NCTD also induced activation of the AKT pathway in 786-O and A-498 cells. Overexpression of AKT partly reversed the effect of NCTD on apoptosis. NCTD treatment led to decreased expression of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, and increased expression of Bax, cleaved-caspase-9, cleaved-PARP, and p-elF2α. Our in vivo studies demonstrated that NCTD significantly inhibited tumor growth in a nude mouse xenograft model. Taken together, our results suggest that NCTD is a potential anti-tumor agent for treatment of renal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hua Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory, Chung-Kang Branch, Cheng-Ching General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Chiou
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Liang Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Lin
- Division Of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lin ML, Chen SS. Activation of Casein Kinase II by Gallic Acid Induces BIK-BAX/BAK-Mediated ER Ca ++-ROS-Dependent Apoptosis of Human Oral Cancer Cells. Front Physiol 2017; 8:761. [PMID: 29033852 PMCID: PMC5627504 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of the generation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium (Ca++)-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) by gallic acid (GA) has been implicated in the mitochondrial apoptotic death of human oral cancer (OC) cells, but the molecular mechanism by which GA causes ER Ca++ release of OC cells to undergo cell death remains unclear. Here, we report that GA-induced phosphorylation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2)-interacting killer (BIK) (threonine (Thr) 33/Serine (Ser) 35) and p53 (Ser 15 and Ser 392), Bcl-2-associated x protein (BAX)/BCL-2 antagonist killer 1 (BAK) oligomerization on the ER and mitochondria, rising of cytosolic Ca++ and ROS, cytochrome c (Cyt c) release from the mitochondria, Ψm loss, and apoptosis were suppressed in cells co-treated with a specific inhibitor of casein kinase II (CK II) (4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole). Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated suppression of BIK inhibited GA-induced oligomeric complex of BAX/BAK in the ER and mitochondria, increase of cytosolic Ca++ and ROS, and apoptosis, but did not attenuate the increase in the level of Ser 15-phosphated p53 induced by GA. Blockade of p53 expression by short hairpin RNA suppressed BAX/BAK oligomerization and ER Ca++–ROS-associated apoptosis induced by GA but did not affect GA-induced phospho-BIK (Thr 33/Ser 35) levels. Induction of mitochondrial Cyt c release and ROS generation, increased cytosolic Ca++ level, and apoptosis by GA was attenuated by expression of the BAX or BAK siRNA. Over-expression of BCL-2 (but not BCL-XL) inhibited formation of ER oligomeric BAX/BAK by GA. Our results demonstrated that activation of the CK II by GA is required for the BIK-mediated ROS-dependent apoptotic activity of ER-associated BAX/BAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Liang Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shun Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
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Kutkowska J, Strzadala L, Rapak A. Synergistic activity of sorafenib and betulinic acid against clonogenic activity of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:2265-2272. [PMID: 28846180 PMCID: PMC5666031 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly selective multi‐targeted agent sorafenib is an inhibitor of a number of intracellular signaling kinases with anti‐proliferative, anti‐angiogenic and pro‐apoptotic effects in various types of tumors, including human non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Betulin displays a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological properties, including anticancer and chemopreventive activity. Combination of drugs with different targets is a logical approach to overcome multilevel cross‐stimulation among key signaling pathways in NSCLC progression. NSCLC cell lines, A549, H358 and A427, with different KRAS mutations, and normal human peripheral blood lymphocyte cells, were treated with sorafenib and betulinic acid alone and in combination. We examined the effect of different combined treatments on viability (MTS test), proliferation and apoptotic susceptibility based on flow cytometry, alterations in signaling pathways by western blotting and colony‐forming ability. The combination of sorafenib with betulinic acid had a strong effect on the induction of apoptosis of different NSCLC cell lines. In addition, this combination was not toxic for human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Combination treatment changed the expression of proteins involved in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and induced apoptotic death by caspase activation. Importantly, combination treatment with low drug concentrations tremendously reduced the colony‐forming ability of A549, H358 and A427 cells, as compared to both compounds alone. In this study, we showed that combination therapy with low concentrations of sorafenib and betulinic acid had the capacity to induce high levels of cell death and abolish clonogenic activity in some NSCLC cell lines regardless of KRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Kutkowska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy Polish Academy of Science, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Leon Strzadala
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy Polish Academy of Science, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Rapak
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy Polish Academy of Science, Wroclaw, Poland
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Wang J, Li Y, Ma F, Zhou H, Ding R, Lu B, Zou L, Li J, Lu R. Inhibitory effect of Par-4 combined with cisplatin on human Wilms' tumor cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317716689. [PMID: 28720068 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317716689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms' tumor is associated with a high treatment success rate, but there is still a risk of recurrence. Cisplatin, which is one of the chemotherapeutic agents used for its treatment, is associated with a very high rate of resistance. Par-4 (prostate apoptosis response 4) is a tumor suppressor, which is capable of sensitizing tumor cells to chemotherapy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether combined treatment with Par-4 and cisplatin is effective for inhibiting growth of Wilms' tumor. Wilms' tumor and control cell samples were collected and analyzed by immunofluorescence assay and immunohistochemistry. Total proteins extracted from cultured cells were analyzed using western blotting and flow cytometry. In addition, a mouse xenograft model was established. We discovered significantly low expression of Par-4 in the tumor tissue, which was positively correlated with high expression of GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein 78). In addition, we found that ectopic Par-4 co-localized with cell surface GRP78 and induced high expression of the endoplasmic reticulum proteins ATF4 and BAX, which activated the endoplasmic reticulum apoptosis pathway. Moreover, treatment with ectopic Par-4 and cisplatin suppressed xenograft growth in nude mice. In conclusion, our results showed that Par-4 overexpression and cisplatin had a synergistic effect on SK-NEP-1 cells, as a result of which cell growth was inhibited and cellular apoptosis was induced. Thus, in vitro and in vivo upregulation of Par-4 expression is indispensable for the trafficking of GRP78 to the cell membrane and subsequent apoptosis of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- 1 Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunjie Li
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangfang Ma
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huifeng Zhou
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Ding
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Binbin Lu
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zou
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junxia Li
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rugang Lu
- 1 Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Qu P, Qing S, Liu R, Qin H, Wang W, Qiao F, Ge H, Liu J, Zhang Y, Cui W, Wang Y. Effects of embryo-derived exosomes on the development of bovine cloned embryos. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174535. [PMID: 28350875 PMCID: PMC5370134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The developmental competence of in vitro cultured (IVC) embryos is markedly lower than that of their in vivo counterparts, suggesting the need for optimization of IVC protocols. Embryo culture medium is routinely replaced three days after initial culture in bovine, however, whether this protocol is superior to continuous nonrenewal culture method under current conditions remains unclear. Using bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos as the model, our results showed that compared with routine renewal treatment, nonrenewal culture system significantly improved blastocyst formation, blastocyst quality (increased total cell number, decreased stress and apoptosis, enhanced Oct-4 expression and ratio of ICM/TE), as well as following development to term. Existence and function of SCNT embryo-derived exosomes were then investigated to reveal the cause of impaired development induced by culture medium replacement. Exosomes were successfully isolated through differential centrifugation and identified by both electron microscopy and immunostaining against exosomal membrane marker CD9. Supplementation of extracted exosomes into freshly renewed medium significantly rescued not only blastocyst formation and quality (in vitro development), but also following growth to term (in vivo development). Notably, ratio of ICM/TE and calving rate were enhanced to a similar level as that in nonrenewal group. In conclusion, our results for the first time indicate that 1: bovine SCNT embryos can secrete exosomes into chemically defined culture medium during IVC; 2: secreted exosomes are essential for SCNT blastocyst formation, blastocyst quality, and following development to term; 3: removal of exosomes induced by culture medium replacement impairs SCNT embryo development, which can be avoided by nonrenewal culture procedure or markedly recovered by exosome supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Suzhu Qing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Hongyu Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Fang Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Hui Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (WC); (YW)
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YZ); (WC); (YW)
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YZ); (WC); (YW)
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Hepatoprotective Effect of Quercetin on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inflammation after Intense Exercise in Mice through Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and Nuclear Factor-Kappa B. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8696587. [PMID: 27504150 PMCID: PMC4967689 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8696587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying intense exercise-induced liver damage and its potential treatments remain unclear. We explored the hepatoprotection and mechanisms of quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, in strenuous exercise-derived endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and inflammation. Intense exercise (28 m/min at a 5° slope for 90 min) resulted in the leakage of aminotransferases in the BALB/C mice. The hepatic ultrastructural malformations and oxidative stress levels were attenuated by quercetin (100 mg/kg·bw). Intense exercise and thapsigargin- (Tg-) induced ERS (glucose-regulated protein 78, GRP78) and inflammatory cytokines levels (IL-6 and TNF-α) were decreased with quercetin. Furthermore, quercetin resulted in phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) induction, Ca2+ restoration, and blockade of the activities of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and especially NF-κB (p65 and p50 nuclear translocation). A PI3K inhibitor abrogated the protection of quercetin on ERS and inflammation of mouse hepatocytes. SP600125 (JNK inhibitor), AEBSF (ATF6 inhibitor), and especially PDTC (NF-κB inhibitor) enhanced the quercetin-induced protection against Tg stimulation. Collectively, intense exercise-induced ERS and inflammation were attenuated by quercetin. PI3K/Akt activation and JNK, ATF6, and especially NF-κB suppression were involved in the protection. Our results highlight a novel preventive strategy for treating ERS and inflammation-mediated liver damage induced by intense exercise using natural phytochemicals.
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Wen L, Han F, Shi Y, Li X. Role of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Pathway in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Model Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 59:471-82. [PMID: 27112439 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0755-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies revealed that patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have a smaller than normal medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and PTSD rats [single prolonged stress, (SPS)] have an increased mPFC neuron apoptosis, which are related to the severity of PTSD symptoms. Three signalling pathways [protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1)] in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) play a critical role in resisting apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the three branches of ER signalling are involved in SPS-induced mPFC neuron apoptosis. We used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to detect morphological changes in ER and fluorescence spectrophotometry to detect the concentration of intracellular calcium in mPFC. We used molecular biological techniques to detect the expression levels of three branch signalling pathways of ER: phosphorylated PERK (p-PERK)/phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A (p-eIF2a), ATF6a/X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), and IRE1a. In addition, the ER molecular chaperone 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and the ER-related apoptosis factors caspase family and Bax also were examined. Apoptosis neurons were detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling. The results showed that the concentration of calcium in mPFC was increased in SPS rats. Using TEM, we found that mPFC neurons in SPS rats showed an expanded ER and chromatin margination. The increased expressions of p-PERK/p-eIF2a, ATF6a/XBP1, and IRE1 in response to SPS were also observed, although the degrees of increase were different. In addition, the protein and mRNA expression of GRP78 was increased in SPS rats; the upregulation of ER-related apoptosis factors and apoptosis neurons after SPS stimulation was observed. These results suggested that the three signalling pathways of unfolded protein response were involved in PTSD-induced, ER-dependent apoptosis in mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wen
- PTSD Lab, Department of histology and embryology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning province, China, 110122
| | - Fang Han
- PTSD Lab, Department of histology and embryology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning province, China, 110122.
| | - Yuxiu Shi
- PTSD Lab, Department of histology and embryology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning province, China, 110122
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- PTSD Lab, Department of histology and embryology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning province, China, 110122
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Yang F, Tang XY, Liu H, Jiang ZW. Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway sensitizes breast cancer cells to endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2113-20. [PMID: 26796921 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induces ER stress which is observed in many human diseases, including breast cancer. Cellular adaptation to ER stress is mediated by the unfolded protein response (UPR), which aims at restoring ER homeostasis. Higher levels of GRP78 expression indicates constitutive activation of the UPR in breast cancer leading to breast cancer cells that are relatively resistant to ER stress-induced apoptosis. Tunicamycin (TM), an ER stress inducer, constitutively activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), and (MEK)/ERK pathway which plays a role in upregulation of GRP78 by ER stress in that inhibition of MEK by U0126 reduces the levels of GRP78 and blocks its upregulation by TM. Inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway by U0126 sensitizes breast cancer cells to TM-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of GRP78 by siRNA knockdown enhances TM- and U0126-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. This sensitization of breast cancer cells to TM-induced apoptosis by inhibition of MEK/ERK and GRP78 is caspase-dependent, at least in part, by activation of caspase-4. These results seem to indicate that GRP78 has potential as a chemotherapeutical target and have important implications for new treatment strategies in breast cancer by combination with agents that induce ER stress with inhibitors of the MEK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Yang
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Yan Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Wen Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
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Tang R, Xu X, Yang W, Yu W, Hou S, Xuan Y, Tang Z, Zhao S, Chen Y, Xiao X, Huang W, Guo W, Li M, Deng W. MED27 promotes melanoma growth by targeting AKT/MAPK and NF-κB/iNOS signaling pathways. Cancer Lett 2016; 373:77-87. [PMID: 26797421 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitors of BRAF and MEK targeting MAPK signaling pathway provide a comparatively effective therapeutic strategy for melanoma caused by BRAF mutation. However, melanoma, especially metastatic melanoma, has become one of the most threatening malignancies. Thus, the identification of exact molecular mechanisms and the key components involved in such mechanisms is urgently needed in order to provide new therapeutic options for patients with melanoma. Here, we identified MED27 as a potential melanoma target and explored its role and the associated molecular mechanism involved in melanoma progression. MED27 was found to be highly expressed in melanoma cells and tumor tissues. Its silencing led to melanoma cell proliferation inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction accompanied by the inactivation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling and the activation of Bax/Cyto-C/Caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway. In addition, silencing of MED27 led to the decrease of iNOS expression through inhibiting the activation of a serial of upstream key proteins of NF-κB signaling pathway and the translocation of p50/p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus. MED27 was also found to be able to interact with NF-κB and p300 and to be acetylated by p300. Furthermore, the results in a xenograft tumor model indicated that melanoma progression was effectively suppressed by MED27 knockdown accompanied by the down-regulation of p-AKT, p-ERK, p-MEK1/2, MMP-9, Bcl-2 and iNOS expressions in the tumor tissues. Taken together, our study not only demonstrated the new function of MED27 as an oncogenic protein and the associated molecular mechanisms involved in melanoma progression, but also provided a possibility for the development of MED27 as a new anticancer target in melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Tang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Xu
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wendan Yu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuai Hou
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Xuan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhipeng Tang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shilei Zhao
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiangsheng Xiao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlin Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Targeted Drug for Tumors of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Double Bioproduct Inc., Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Man Li
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Targeted Drug for Tumors of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Double Bioproduct Inc., Guangzhou, China.
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24
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Lu HL, Chen SS, Hsu WT, Lu YC, Lee CC, Wu TS, Lin ML. Suppression of phospho-p85α-GTP-Rac1 lipid raft interaction by bichalcone analog attenuates cancer cell invasion. Mol Carcinog 2016; 55:2106-2120. [PMID: 26756739 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The p85α subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) acts as a key regulator of cell proliferation and motility, which mediates signals that confer chemoresistance to many human cancer cells. Using small interfering RNAs against matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and the MMP-2 promoter-driven luciferase assay, we showed that the new synthetic bichalcone analog TSWU-CD4 inhibits the invasion of human cancer cells by down-regulating MMP-2 expression. Treatment with TSWU-CD4 inhibited MMP-2 expression and cell invasion, which were restored by ectopic wild type (wt) p85α or a constitutively active form of MAPK kinase 3 (CA MKK3), CA MKK6, or CA p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The attenuated formation of lipid raft-associated phospho (p)-p85α-GTP-Rac1 complexes, protein kinase B (Akt) Ser 473 phosphorylation, and cell invasion by TSWU-CD4 was reversed by overexpression of wt p85α or the p85α Brc-homology (BH) domain. The ectopic expression of CA Rac1L61 (but not wt Rac1) could overcome the suppression of Ser 473 phosphorylation, lipid raft association of Akt, the interaction between GTP-bound Rac1 and p85α in lipid rafts, and cell invasion by TSWU-CD4. The involvement of Akt activity in the functions of NF-κB-mediated MMP-2 was further confirmed through the attenuation of Akt phosphorylation signaling using the Akt-specific inhibitor MK-2206 and ectopic expression of NF-κB p65. Collectively, the inhibitory effect of TSWU-CD4 on cancer cell invasion was likely to suppress the p-p85α-GTP-Rac1 interaction in lipid rafts by targeting the p85α BH domain, which resulted in the suppression of MMP-2 expression via the PI3K-Akt-mediated ERK-MKK3/MKK6-p38 MAPK-NF-κB signaling pathway. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Li Lu
- Division of Laboratory, Armed Force Taichung General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shun Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tung Hsu
- Division of Laboratory, Armed Force Taichung General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Cheng Lu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chun Lee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Liang Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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25
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Lindblom R, Higgins G, Coughlan M, de Haan JB. Targeting Mitochondria and Reactive Oxygen Species-Driven Pathogenesis in Diabetic Nephropathy. Rev Diabet Stud 2015; 12:134-56. [PMID: 26676666 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2015.12.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is one of the major microvascular complications of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Approximately 30% of patients with diabetes experience renal complications. Current clinical therapies can only mitigate the symptoms and delay the progression to end-stage renal disease, but not prevent or reverse it. Oxidative stress is an important player in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The activity of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/NS), which are by-products of the diabetic milieu, has been found to correlate with pathological changes observed in the diabetic kidney. However, many clinical studies have failed to establish that antioxidant therapy is renoprotective. The discovery that increased ROS/NS activity is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, cellular senescence, and cell death calls for a refined approach to antioxidant therapy. It is becoming clear that mitochondria play a key role in the generation of ROS/NS and their consequences on the cellular pathways involved in apoptotic cell death in the diabetic kidney. Oxidative stress has also been associated with necrosis via induction of mitochondrial permeability transition. This review highlights the importance of mitochondria in regulating redox balance, modulating cellular responses to oxidative stress, and influencing cell death pathways in diabetic kidney disease. ROS/NS-mediated cellular dysfunction corresponds with progressive disease in the diabetic kidney, and consequently represents an important clinical target. Based on this consideration, this review also examines current therapeutic interventions to prevent ROS/NS-derived injury in the diabetic kidney. These interventions, mainly aimed at reducing or preventing mitochondrial-generated oxidative stress, improving mitochondrial antioxidant defense, and maintaining mitochondrial integrity, may deliver alternative approaches to halt or prevent diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runa Lindblom
- Glycation, Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gavin Higgins
- Glycation, Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melinda Coughlan
- Glycation, Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Judy B de Haan
- Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Ha TS, Park HY, Seong SB, Ahn HY. Angiotensin II induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in podocyte, which would be further augmented by PI3-kinase inhibition. Clin Hypertens 2015; 21:13. [PMID: 26893923 PMCID: PMC4750790 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-015-0018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Angiotensin II (Ang II) contributes to the pathological process of vascular structures, including renal glomeruli by hemodynamic and nonhemodynamic direct effects. On renal effects, Ang II plays an important role in the development of proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis by the modification of podocyte molecules and cell survival. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Ang II on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in podocytes. METHODS We cultured mouse podocytes with increasing doses of Ang II and evaluated ER stress markers by Western blotting. RESULTS Ang II increased Bip protein, an ER chaperone, in a dose-dependent manner at 24 h, which was ameliorated by losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. Ang II also increased ER stress markers, such as phospho-PERK, phospho-eIF2α, and ATF4 proteins of podocyte, significantly in a dose-dependent manner at 24 h. Increased phospho-PERK and ATF4 proteins were further augmented by phosphoinositide 3 (PI3)-kinase inhibitor, LY294002, which suggested that Ang II could induce podocyte ER stress of PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 axis via PI3-kinase pathway. DISCUSSION These studies suggest that Ang II could induce podocyte ER stress of PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 axis via PI3-kinase pathway, which would contribute to the development of podocyte injury induced by Ang II, and the augmentation of PI3-kinase would be a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Sun Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 361-240 South Korea
| | - Hye-Young Park
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 361-240 South Korea
| | - Su-Bin Seong
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 361-240 South Korea
| | - Hee Yul Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 361-240 South Korea
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27
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling in mammalian oocytes and embryos: life in balance. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 316:227-65. [PMID: 25805126 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes and embryos are exquisitely sensitive to a wide range of insults related to physical stress, chemical exposure, and exposures to adverse maternal nutrition or health status. Although cells manifest specific responses to various stressors, many of these stressors intersect at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where disruptions in protein folding and production of reactive oxygen species initiate downstream signaling events. These signals modulate mRNA translation and gene transcription, leading to recovery, activation of autophagy, or with severe and prolonged stress, apoptosis. ER stress signaling has recently come to the fore as a major contributor to embryo demise. Accordingly, agents that modulate or inhibit ER stress signaling have yielded beneficial effects on embryo survival and long-term developmental potential. We review here the mechanisms of ER stress signaling, their connections to mammalian oocytes and embryos, and the promising indications that interventions in this pathway may provide new opportunities for improving mammalian reproduction and health.
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28
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Huang LG, Li JP, Pang XM, Chen CY, Xiang HY, Feng LB, Su SY, Li SH, Zhang L, Liu JL. MicroRNA-29c Correlates with Neuroprotection Induced by FNS by Targeting Both Birc2 and Bak1 in Rat Brain after Stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2015; 21:496-503. [PMID: 25678279 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Studies showed fastigial nucleus stimulation (FNS) reduced brain damage, but the mechanisms of neuroprotection induced by FNS were not entirely understood; MicroRNAs are noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression in a posttranscriptional manner, but their functional consequence in response to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) remains unknown. We investigated the role of microRNA-29c in the neuroprotection induced by FNS in rat. METHODS The IR rat models were conducted 1 day after FNS. Besides, miR-29c antagomir (or agomir or control) was infused to the left intracerebroventricular 1 day before IR models were conducted. We detected differential expression of Birc2 mRNA (also Bak1mRNA and miR-29c) level among different groups by RT-qPCR. The differential expression of Birc2 protein (also Bak1 protein) level among different groups was surveyed via Western blot. The neuroprotective effects were assessed by infarct volume, neurological deficit, and apoptosis. RESULTS MiR-29c was decreased after FNS. Moreover, miR-29c directly bound to the predicted 3'-UTR target sites of Birc2 and Bak1 genes. Furthermore, over-expression of miR-29c effectively reduced Birc2 (also Bak1) mRNA and protein levels, increased infarct volume and apoptosis, and deteriorated neurological outcomes, whereas down-regulation played a neuroprotective role. CONCLUSIONS MiR-29c correlates with the neuroprotection induced by FNS by negatively regulating Birc2 and Bak1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Gang Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jin-Pin Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao-Min Pang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chun-Yong Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hui-Yao Xiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ling-Bo Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Sheng-You Su
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Sheng-Hua Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing-Li Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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29
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Qiao A, Wang Y, Xiang L, Wang C, He X. A novel triterpenoid isolated from apple functions as an anti-mammary tumor agent via a mitochondrial and caspase-independent apoptosis pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:185-191. [PMID: 25521501 DOI: 10.1021/jf5053546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel triterpenoid, named 3β-trans-cinnamoyloxy-2α-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (CHUA), was one of the main components of apple peels and showed potent in vitro antitumor activity against human tumor cells. In vivo antitumor experiments showed that CHUA could significantly inhibit the growth of mammary tumor in a nude mouse xenograft model at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day without body weight loss and mortality. In vitro, CHUA could induce apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells through the detection of DNA fragments and LDH activity. Simultaneously, mitochondrial transmembrane potential was markedly reduced and the release of cytochrome c was increased after CHUA treatment. It also up-regulated the expression ratio of mitochondrial Bax/Bcl-2 regulated by SIRT1 and p53. Interestingly, z-VAD-fmk and z-DEVD-fmk augmented cell death after CHUA treatment. Other protease(s) different from caspase-3 might be responsible for the degradation of PARP. These results suggested that the pro-apoptotic activity of CHUA may be adjusted by mitochondrial and caspase-independent pathways.
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