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Al-Qudah MA, Saleh AM, Alhawsawi NL, Al-Jaber HI, Rizvi SA, Afifi FU. Composition, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activities of the Essential Oils from Fresh and Air-Dried Aerial Parts of Pallenis spinosa. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 28544513 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the chemical composition, antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of essential oils extracted from the aerial parts of fresh (F-PSEO) and air-dried (D-PSEO) Pallenis spinosa. The composition of the oils was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry, the antioxidant activity by free radical scavenging and metal chelating assays, and their cytotoxicity by a flow cytometry analysis. The primary components in both oils were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygentated sesquiterpenes. F-PSEO contained 36 different compounds; α-cadinol (16.48%), germacra-1(10),5-diene-3,4-diol (14.45%), γ-cadinene (12.03%), and α-muurolol (9.89%) were the principal components. D-PSEO contained 53 molecules; α-cadinol (19.26%), δ-cadinene (13.93%), α-muurolol (12.88%), and germacra-1(10),5-diene-3,4-diol (8.41%) constituted the highest percentages. Although both oils exhibited a weak radical scavenging and chelating activity, compared to α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid, D-PSEO showed a 2-fold greater antioxidant activity than F-PSEO. Furthermore, low doses of F-PSEO were able to inhibit the growth of leukemic (HL-60, K562, and Jurkat) and solid tumor cells (MCF-7, HepG2, HT-1080, and Caco-2) with an IC50 range of 0.25 - 0.66 μg/ml and 0.50 - 2.35 μg/ml, respectively. F-PSEO showed a ca. 2 - 3-fold stronger cytotoxicity against the tested cells than D-PSEO. The potent growth inhibitory effect of the plant essential oil encourages further studies to characterize the molecular mechanisms of its cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Al-Qudah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 560, Irbid, 22163, Jordan
| | - Ayman M Saleh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Mail Code 6610, P.O. Box 9515, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif L Alhawsawi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Mail Code 6610, P.O. Box 9515, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala I Al-Jaber
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, 11134, Jordan
| | - Syed A Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Fatma U Afifi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, P.O. Box 926592, Amman, Jordan
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