1
|
Painter D, Fasoli F, Sulpizio S. The Impact of Stimuli Length and Analytic Method on Auditory 'Gaydar' Research. J Voice 2024; 38:246.e1-246.e14. [PMID: 34763997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This research investigates voice-based categorization of speakers' sexual orientation, the so-called 'auditory gaydar', while considering stimuli length and the type of measures assessing gaydar judgments. In Study 1 (N = 80), heterosexual individuals listened to gay and heterosexual male speakers in short (single word), medium (single sentence), or long (two sentences) recordings. Next, they guess the speakers' sexual orientation on a Kinsey-like and binary choice. Participants were overall inaccurate in recognizing gay speakers when gaydar judgments were provided on a binary choice. Gay speakers were rated as more gay on a Kinsey-like scale than their heterosexual counterparts, but only when short and medium recordings were listened to. Study 2 (N = 149) examined gaydar accuracy for both male and female speakers by using the same procedure. Gaydar judgments were overall inaccurate for gay and lesbian speakers. For male speakers, a difference between the perceived sexual orientation of gay and heterosexual speakers emerged when stimuli were long. For female speakers, such a difference occurred only in the short and medium recording conditions. Study 3 (N = 137) examined gaydar judgments for male and female speakers when stimuli length was manipulated as the number of words progressively presented in a sentence: short (article), medium (article + first word), long (sentence) stimulus. Overall, gaydar judgments were inaccurate. Gay and lesbian (vs. heterosexual) speakers tended to be rated as more gay on the Kinsey-like scale in the medium stimulus condition. These findings suggest that gaydar judgments can be influenced by the type of measure and stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Painter
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Fasoli
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
| | - Simone Sulpizio
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Valentova JV, Fořt J, Freudenfeld P, Varella MAC, Amaral BH, Havlíček J. Different Subgroups of Homosexuality: Great Ideas, Little Evidence, Promising Future. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:3013-3018. [PMID: 36719491 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02548-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslava Varella Valentova
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Sao Paulo, Professor Mello Moraes Avenue 1721, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jakub Fořt
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Freudenfeld
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marco Antonio Correa Varella
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Sao Paulo, Professor Mello Moraes Avenue 1721, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Henrique Amaral
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Sao Paulo, Professor Mello Moraes Avenue 1721, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jan Havlíček
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Morandini JS, Beckman-Scott D, Madill C, Dar-Nimrod I. BIDAR: Can Listeners Detect if a Man Is Bisexual from His Voice Alone? JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2023; 60:611-623. [PMID: 36897003 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2023.2182267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has identified a range of perceptual voice and speech features that differ between gay and straight men, enabling listeners to determine if a man is gay or straight at a rate better than chance from his voice alone. To date, no published studies have examined if bisexual men's voices differ from gay and straight men's voices with regard to perceived masculinity-femininity - nor whether listeners can identify a bisexual man based only on his voice. In the present study, we examined if listeners could identify bisexual men's sexual identities from voice recordings. Seventy participants (N= 70) rated 60 voice recordings of a sample of 20 gay, 20 bisexual, and 20 straight Australian men on perceived sexual orientation and degree of masculinity-femininity. Participants could correctly categorize the sexual orientations of the gay and straight speakers at rates greater than chance, but bisexual men were only identified at chance. Bisexual voices were consistently misperceived as being the most exclusively female attracted, and, contrary to expectations, were perceived as the most masculine sounding of all the speakers. Together, these findings suggest that while the voices of bisexual men in our sample were perceived as more masculine and female attracted, listeners do not associate this impression with bisexuality, and thus cannot identify bisexual men from their voices. Consequently, while bisexual men appear to be at lower risk of facing voice-based identification and discrimination than gay men, they may be often misperceived as being straight.
Collapse
|
4
|
Fasoli F, Maass A, Berghella L. Who Has a Better Auditory Gaydar? Sexual Orientation Categorization by Heterosexual and Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2023; 70:876-899. [PMID: 35007490 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2021.2004796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people are supposed to be better at gaydar than heterosexual. Across two studies we examined auditory gaydar performed by LGB and heterosexual listeners. In Study 1 participants (n = 127) listened to male and female speakers (n = 10) and judged their sexual orientation on a binary choice (gay/lesbian vs. heterosexual). In Study 2, participants (n = 192) judged speakers' (n = 31) sexual orientation on a Kinsey-like scale (1 = exclusively heterosexual, 7 = exclusively gay/lesbian). Results showed gaydar judgments differences in relative terms that did not indicate an overall gaydar accuracy. Moreover, LGB participants were not better at gaydar than heterosexual participants but rather showed a shift in criterion when making auditory gaydar judgments, namely they report a weaker straight categorization bias. Overall, these findings contribute to the understanding of sexual orientation categorization among heterosexual majority and LGB minority groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Fasoli
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Centro de Investigação E Intervenção Social, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (Iscte-iul), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anne Maass
- Dipartimento Di Psicologia Dello Sviluppo E Della Socializzazione, Università Di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Luna Berghella
- Dipartimento Di Psicologia Dello Sviluppo E Della Socializzazione, Università Di Padova, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chan ASW, Wu D, Lo IPY, Ho JMC, Yan E. Diversity and Inclusion: Impacts on Psychological Wellbeing Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Communities. Front Psychol 2022; 13:726343. [PMID: 35572280 PMCID: PMC9105225 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.726343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For scholars, practitioners, and legislators concerned about sexual minority adolescents, one of the main goals is to create more positive and inclusive learning environments for this minority group. Numerous factors, such as repeated patterns of homophobic bullying by classmates and others in school, have been a significant barrier to achieving this goal. In addition, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) adolescents encounter substantial inequality across a broad spectrum of wellbeing and education consequences. Compared with their heterosexual counterparts, LGBTQ adolescents experience more anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts, antisocial behavior, poorer academic performance, less school attachment and protection, and a weaker desire to finish their studies. Such discrepancies based on gender and sexuality were linked to more maltreatment encountered by LGBTQ adolescents. It is crucial to recognize the backgrounds and expectations of LGBTQ adolescents to offer them the best resources. To overcome the inequality and obstacles faced by these LGBTQ adolescents, it is essential to examine tools and techniques that can be utilized. This study examined the literature that explains why society fails to provide enough support to LGBTQ students. Specifically, mechanisms explaining how LGBTQ adolescents interact with others in the learning environment and how such discrepancies arise will be examined. Following that, violence and prejudice, which are fundamental causes of psychological problems among LGBTQ adolescents, will be explored. This review paper thus provides supportive strategies for schools to develop more inclusive learning environments for LGBTQ adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Siu Wing Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Iris Po Yee Lo
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jacqueline Mei Chi Ho
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Elsie Yan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vytniorgu R. Effeminate Gay Bottoms in the West: Narratives of Pussyboys and Boiwives on Tumblr. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2022:1-22. [PMID: 35285776 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2022.2048167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent discussions of gay male bottom identity have been cautious about positioning bottoms in relation to a gendered identity, and thereby colluding with stereotypes about gay bottoms being effeminate and effeminate gays being bottoms. In wider LGBTQ media in Europe and North America there is an effort to destigmatize effeminate gay men in a dating culture that privileges "masc4masc." While this is welcome, it obscures the existence of effeminate gay bottom fantasies that are gender stratified and which insist on a connection between sex role preference, sex object choice, and gender presentation. This paper analyses sexual fantasy narratives on the social media platform, Tumblr, and interrogates a deep structure of gender-stratified male androphilia that finds thematic similarities in non-Western settings, where "egalitarian" or Western "gay" expressions of male same-sex unions compete with traditional "heterogender" forms. It concludes by reaffirming the need to consider gender positionality among gay bottoms' narratives in Western contexts, and for further research on Western gay men to recognize the heterogeneity of gay identities and experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Vytniorgu
- Wellcome Centre for Cultures and Environments of Health (Department of English and Film), University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fasoli F, Hegarty P, Frost DM. Stigmatization of 'gay-sounding' voices: The role of heterosexual, lesbian, and gay individuals' essentialist beliefs. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 60:826-850. [PMID: 33469995 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Voice-based sexual orientation (SO) judgements can prompt group-based discrimination. However, the relationships between stigmatization and essentialist beliefs about vocal cues to SO have not been researched. Two studies examined heterosexuals' and gay men's and lesbian women's essentialist beliefs about voice as a cue of SO to uncover essentialist beliefs' role in the perpetration and experience of stigma. In Study 1 (N = 363), heterosexual participants believed voice was a better cue to SO for men than for women, and participants' belief in the discreteness, immutability, and controllability of 'gay-sounding' voices was correlated with higher avoidant discrimination towards gay-sounding men. In Study 2 (N = 147), endorsement of essentialist beliefs about voice as a SO cue was associated with self-perceptions of sounding gay amongst gay men and lesbians. Sexual minority participants, especially gay men, who believed that they sounded gay reported more anticipation of rejection and engaged in vigilance in response. Essentialist beliefs about vocal cues to SO are relevant to explaining both the perpetration of stigma by heterosexuals and the experience of stigma for lesbians and gay men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Fasoli
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Peter Hegarty
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - David M Frost
- Social Research Institute, University College London, UK
| |
Collapse
|