2
|
Ojukwu E, Hirani S, Sotindjo T, McKay E, Okedo-Alex I, Magagula P, Pashaei A, Agudosi GM. The Impact of Intersectional Discrimination and Stigma on HIV Care for African, Caribbean, and Black Women Living With HIV During the COVID-19 Pandemic in British Columbia: A Descriptive Study. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2024; 35:175-188. [PMID: 38427789 PMCID: PMC11037459 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT African, Caribbean, and Black women living with HIV (ACB WWH) in British Columbia experience discrimination on the basis of their race, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, and HIV status. The various forms of stigma that ACB WWH experience intersect to create a uniquely marginalized experience that has negative consequences for quality of life and overall well-being. Eighteen semistructured interviews were completed with ACB WWH in British Columbia. Interviews were conducted by phone, Zoom, or in-person at the participant's request. Participants consistently reported experiences of various forms of discrimination. There was additional stigmatization due to COVID-19 pandemic that negatively influenced the lives of ACB WWH. Interventions and resources are needed to support ACB WWH in navigating how to work through the multifaceted impacts of intersectional stigmatization. Efforts are needed to identify ways to continue the delivery of resources like social support groups throughout future pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saima Hirani
- Emmanuela Ojukwu, PhD, RN, is an Assistant Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Saima Hirani, PhD, is an Assistant Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Tatiana Sotindjo, MD, FRCPC, is an Adolescent Medicine Specialist Physician, Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Emily McKay, BSN, RN, MSN is Nursing Graduate, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Ijeoma Okedo-Alex, MBBS, MSC, MPH, FMCPH, is a Public Health Physician, (1) School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia; (2) African Institute for Health Policy and Health Systems, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Nigeria
- Patience Magagula, BSN, is a Director, Afro-Canadian Positive Network of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Ava Pashaei, BSN, MSN, is a PhD Student of Nursing, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Ginikachukwu Marylinda Agudosi, MSN, CRNP, is a MD Candidate, Trinity School of Medicine (MS-3), Warner Robins, Georgia, USA
| | - Tatiana Sotindjo
- Emmanuela Ojukwu, PhD, RN, is an Assistant Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Saima Hirani, PhD, is an Assistant Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Tatiana Sotindjo, MD, FRCPC, is an Adolescent Medicine Specialist Physician, Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Emily McKay, BSN, RN, MSN is Nursing Graduate, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Ijeoma Okedo-Alex, MBBS, MSC, MPH, FMCPH, is a Public Health Physician, (1) School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia; (2) African Institute for Health Policy and Health Systems, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Nigeria
- Patience Magagula, BSN, is a Director, Afro-Canadian Positive Network of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Ava Pashaei, BSN, MSN, is a PhD Student of Nursing, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Ginikachukwu Marylinda Agudosi, MSN, CRNP, is a MD Candidate, Trinity School of Medicine (MS-3), Warner Robins, Georgia, USA
| | - Emily McKay
- Emmanuela Ojukwu, PhD, RN, is an Assistant Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Saima Hirani, PhD, is an Assistant Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Tatiana Sotindjo, MD, FRCPC, is an Adolescent Medicine Specialist Physician, Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Emily McKay, BSN, RN, MSN is Nursing Graduate, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Ijeoma Okedo-Alex, MBBS, MSC, MPH, FMCPH, is a Public Health Physician, (1) School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia; (2) African Institute for Health Policy and Health Systems, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Nigeria
- Patience Magagula, BSN, is a Director, Afro-Canadian Positive Network of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Ava Pashaei, BSN, MSN, is a PhD Student of Nursing, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Ginikachukwu Marylinda Agudosi, MSN, CRNP, is a MD Candidate, Trinity School of Medicine (MS-3), Warner Robins, Georgia, USA
| | - Ijeoma Okedo-Alex
- Emmanuela Ojukwu, PhD, RN, is an Assistant Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Saima Hirani, PhD, is an Assistant Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Tatiana Sotindjo, MD, FRCPC, is an Adolescent Medicine Specialist Physician, Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Emily McKay, BSN, RN, MSN is Nursing Graduate, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Ijeoma Okedo-Alex, MBBS, MSC, MPH, FMCPH, is a Public Health Physician, (1) School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia; (2) African Institute for Health Policy and Health Systems, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Nigeria
- Patience Magagula, BSN, is a Director, Afro-Canadian Positive Network of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Ava Pashaei, BSN, MSN, is a PhD Student of Nursing, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Ginikachukwu Marylinda Agudosi, MSN, CRNP, is a MD Candidate, Trinity School of Medicine (MS-3), Warner Robins, Georgia, USA
| | - Patience Magagula
- Emmanuela Ojukwu, PhD, RN, is an Assistant Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Saima Hirani, PhD, is an Assistant Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Tatiana Sotindjo, MD, FRCPC, is an Adolescent Medicine Specialist Physician, Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Emily McKay, BSN, RN, MSN is Nursing Graduate, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Ijeoma Okedo-Alex, MBBS, MSC, MPH, FMCPH, is a Public Health Physician, (1) School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia; (2) African Institute for Health Policy and Health Systems, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Nigeria
- Patience Magagula, BSN, is a Director, Afro-Canadian Positive Network of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Ava Pashaei, BSN, MSN, is a PhD Student of Nursing, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Ginikachukwu Marylinda Agudosi, MSN, CRNP, is a MD Candidate, Trinity School of Medicine (MS-3), Warner Robins, Georgia, USA
| | - Ava Pashaei
- Emmanuela Ojukwu, PhD, RN, is an Assistant Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Saima Hirani, PhD, is an Assistant Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Tatiana Sotindjo, MD, FRCPC, is an Adolescent Medicine Specialist Physician, Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Emily McKay, BSN, RN, MSN is Nursing Graduate, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Ijeoma Okedo-Alex, MBBS, MSC, MPH, FMCPH, is a Public Health Physician, (1) School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia; (2) African Institute for Health Policy and Health Systems, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Nigeria
- Patience Magagula, BSN, is a Director, Afro-Canadian Positive Network of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Ava Pashaei, BSN, MSN, is a PhD Student of Nursing, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Ginikachukwu Marylinda Agudosi, MSN, CRNP, is a MD Candidate, Trinity School of Medicine (MS-3), Warner Robins, Georgia, USA
| | - Ginikachukwu Marylinda Agudosi
- Emmanuela Ojukwu, PhD, RN, is an Assistant Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Saima Hirani, PhD, is an Assistant Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Tatiana Sotindjo, MD, FRCPC, is an Adolescent Medicine Specialist Physician, Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Emily McKay, BSN, RN, MSN is Nursing Graduate, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Ijeoma Okedo-Alex, MBBS, MSC, MPH, FMCPH, is a Public Health Physician, (1) School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia; (2) African Institute for Health Policy and Health Systems, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Nigeria
- Patience Magagula, BSN, is a Director, Afro-Canadian Positive Network of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Ava Pashaei, BSN, MSN, is a PhD Student of Nursing, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Ginikachukwu Marylinda Agudosi, MSN, CRNP, is a MD Candidate, Trinity School of Medicine (MS-3), Warner Robins, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|