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Kulesza M, Kicman A, Motyka J, Guszczyn T, Ławicki S. Importance of Metalloproteinase Enzyme Group in Selected Skeletal System Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17139. [PMID: 38138968 PMCID: PMC10743273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue is a dynamic structure that is involved in maintaining the homeostasis of the body due to its multidirectional functions, such as its protective, endocrine, or immunological role. Specialized cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) are responsible for the remodeling of specific bone structures, which alters the biomechanical properties of the tissue. Imbalances in bone-forming elements lead to the formation and progression of bone diseases. The most important family of enzymes responsible for bone ECM remodeling are matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-enzymes physiologically present in the body's tissues and cells. The activity of MMPs is maintained in a state of balance; disruption of their activity is associated with the progression of many groups of diseases, including those of the skeletal system. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of MMPs in bone physiology and the pathophysiology of bone tissue and describes their role in specific skeletal disorders. Additionally, this work collects data on the potential of MMPs as bio-markers for specific skeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kulesza
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15269 Bialystok, Poland; (M.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Aleksandra Kicman
- Department of Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15267 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Joanna Motyka
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15269 Bialystok, Poland; (M.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Tomasz Guszczyn
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15274 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Ławicki
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15269 Bialystok, Poland; (M.K.); (J.M.)
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The Potential In Vitro Inhibitory Effects of Neurokinin-1 Receptor (NK-1R) Antagonist, Aprepitant, in Osteosarcoma Cell Migration and Metastasis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8082608. [PMID: 36177059 PMCID: PMC9514929 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8082608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma, the most frequent osteogenic malignancy, has become a serious public health challenge due to its high morbidity rates and metastatic potential. Recently, the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) is proved to be a promising target in cancer therapy. This study is aimed at determining the effect of aprepitant, a safe and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved NK-1R antagonist, on osteosarcoma cell migration and metastasis, and to explore its underlying mechanism of action. Methods Colorimetric MTT assay was employed to assess cell viability and cytotoxicity. A wound-healing assay was used to examine migration ability. The desired genes' protein and mRNA expression levels were measured by western blot assay and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. Gelatinase activity was also measured by zymography. Results We found that aprepitant inhibited MG-63 osteosarcoma cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. We also observed that aprepitant inhibited the migrative phenotype of osteosarcoma cells and reduced the expression levels and activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9). Aprepitant also reduced the expression of an angiogenic factor, VEGF protein, and NF-κB as an important transcriptional regulator of metastasis-related genes. Conclusion Collectively, our observations indicate that aprepitant modulates the metastatic behavior of human osteosarcoma cells, which may be applied to an effective therapeutic approach for patients with metastatic osteosarcoma.
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Zhou J, Liu T, Wang W. Prognostic significance of matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression in osteosarcoma: A meta-analysis of 16 studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13051. [PMID: 30383677 PMCID: PMC6221749 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is significant in the progression of osteosarcoma (OS) via increasing tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Although previous reports indicate the prognostic value of MMP-9 in OS, there is still a great degree on inconsistency between studies. Here we report a comprehensive evaluation of the value of MMP-9 in metastasis of OS by conducting a meta-analysis of published studies. METHODS The quantity of the studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale (NOS). Sixteen studies with a total of 816 patients with OS were examined and we calculated the pooled odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) (95% CI) to evaluate that the positive expression of MMP-9 predicts neoplasm metastasis and poor survival in OS. RESULTS The results of Meta-analysis indicated that patients with positive expression of MMP-9 were significantly associated with neoplasm metastasis (OR = 4.69, 95% CI: 3.05-7.21, P <.001) and poor survival in OS with the pooled OR of 7.19 (95% CI 4.32-11.98, P <.001) when compared to their counterparts with a negative expression of MMP-9. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that the pooled OR was stable. It doesn't significantly change when a single study was removed. CONCLUSIONS The results of meta-analysis indicated that MMP-9 may be a prognostic biomarker guiding the clinical therapy for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital
- Department of Sports Medicine Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital
| | - Wanchun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital
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Manders DB, Kishore HA, Gazdar AF, Keller PW, Tsunezumi J, Yanagisawa H, Lea J, Word RA. Dysregulation of fibulin-5 and matrix metalloproteases in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14251-14267. [PMID: 29581841 PMCID: PMC5865667 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibulin 5 (FBLN5) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that suppresses matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9), angiogenesis and epithelial cell motility. Here, we investigated the regulation and function of FBLN5 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). FBLN5 mRNA was down-regulated 5-fold in EOC relative to benign ovary. Not surprisingly, MMP9 mRNA and enzyme activity were increased significantly, and inversely correlated with FBLN5 gene expression. FBLN5 degradation products of 52.8 and 41.3 kDa were increased substantially in EOC. We identified two candidate proteases (serine elastase and MMP-7, but not MMP-9) that cleave FBLN5. MMP-7, but not neutrophil elastase, gene expression was increased dramatically in EOC. Recombinant FBLN5 significantly inhibited adhesion of EOC cells to both laminin and collagen I. Finally, using immunohistochemistry, we found immunoreactive FBLN5 within tumor macrophages throughout human EOC tumors. This work indicates that FBLN5 is degraded in EOC most likely by proteases enriched in macrophages of the tumor microenvironment. Proteolysis of FBLN5 serves as a mechanism to promote cell adhesion and local metastasis of ovarian cancer cells. Promotion of a stable ECM with intact FBLN5 in the tumor matrix may serve as a novel therapeutic adjunct to prevent spread of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin B Manders
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Hari Annavarapu Kishore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Green Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Adi F Gazdar
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Patrick W Keller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Green Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jun Tsunezumi
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Current address: Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jayanthi Lea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Green Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ruth Ann Word
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Green Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Kunz P, Sähr H, Lehner B, Fischer C, Seebach E, Fellenberg J. Elevated ratio of MMP2/MMP9 activity is associated with poor response to chemotherapy in osteosarcoma. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:223. [PMID: 26979530 PMCID: PMC4793522 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are crucially involved in the regulation of multiple stages of cancer progression. Elevated MMP levels have been associated with the development of metastases and poor prognosis in several types of cancer. However, the role of MMPs in osteosarcoma and their prognostic value is still unclear. Available data are conflicting, most likely due to different technical approaches. We hypothesized that in contrast to total mRNA or protein levels frequently analyzed in previous studies the enzymatic activities of MMPs and their inhibitors the tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are closer related to their biological functions. We therefore aimed to evaluate the reliability of different zymography techniques for the quantification of MMP and TIMP activities in osteosarcoma biopsies in order to investigate their distribution, possible regulation and prognostic value. Methods All analyses were done using cryo-conserved osteosarcoma pretreatment biopsies (n = 18). Gene and protein expression of MMPs and TIMPs were analyzed by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Overall MMP activity was analyzed by in situ zymography, individual MMP activities were analyzed by gelatin zymography. Reverse zymography was used to detect and quantify TIMP activities. Results Strong overall MMP activities could be detected in osteosarcoma pretreatment biopsies with MMP2 and MMP9 as predominant active MMPs. In contrast to total RNA or protein expression MMP2 and MMP9 activities showed significant quantitative differences between good and poor responders. While MMP9 activity was high in the good responder group and significantly decreased in the poor responder group, MMP2 activity showed a reverse distribution. Likewise, significant differences were detected concerning the activity of TIMPs resulting in a negative correlation of TIMP1 activity with MMP2 activity (p = 0.044) and negative correlations of TIMP2 and TIMP3 with MMP9 activity (p = 0.007 and p = 0.006). Conclusion In contrast to mRNA or protein levels MMP and TIMP activities showed significant differences between the analyzed good and poor responder groups. A shift from MMP9 to predominant MMP2 activity is associated with poor response to chemotherapy suggesting that the ratio of MMP2/MMP9 activity might be a valuable and easily accessible marker to predict the response to chemotherapy in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Kunz
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery/Spinal Cord Injury Center; Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiner Sähr
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery/Spinal Cord Injury Center; Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Lehner
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery/Spinal Cord Injury Center; Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Fischer
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery/Spinal Cord Injury Center; Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Seebach
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery/Spinal Cord Injury Center; Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Fellenberg
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery/Spinal Cord Injury Center; Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Teng Z, Chen J, Li Y, Chen Z, Li Z, Zhang Z. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression and survival of patients with osteosarcoma: a meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2015; 26. [PMID: 26239566 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have evaluated the effect of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression on the overall survival of patients with osteosarcoma, but the results remain conflicting. To examine the prognostic significance of MMP-9 expression in osteosarcoma risk, we conducted this meta-analysis to systematically review the published studies. We searched the commonly used electronic databases updated to September 2013 for relevant studies which evaluated the correction between MMP-9 expression and survival of patients with osteosarcoma. Overall, a total of eight studies including 437 cases were screened out. No significant heterogeneity was observed between studies. The MMP-9 was expressed in 73.9% (323/437) of cases, and the results showed that MMP-9 expression was associated with increased mortality rate of osteosarcoma during the follow-up (risk ratio = 2.79, 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.96-3.97, P < 0.00001). By ethnicity analysis, a significant correction was also found between MMP-9 expression and osteosarcoma risk among Asian and non-Asian population (P < 0.001), indicating that MMP-9 was an indicator of prognosis of osteosarcoma. In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicated that MMP-9 expression might be a biomarker of poor prognosis for patients with osteosarcoma. However, the prognostic value of MMP-9 on survival of osteosarcoma patients still needs further large-scale trials to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei
| | - Z Teng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, People's Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, Yunnan
| | - J Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei
| | - Y Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei
| | - Z Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, General Hospital of Jizhong Energy Fengfeng Group, Handan, Hebei, China
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Liu F, Zhang Q. Questions about XY Wen et al. entitled "Matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression and survival of patients with osteosarcoma: a meta-analysis". Tumour Biol 2015; 36:557-8. [PMID: 25663465 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
XY Wen et al. published an article entitled "Matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression and survival of patients with osteosarcoma: a meta-analysis" in Tumor Biology last year. The investigators demonstrated that high MMP2 expression was associated with poor prognosis in osteosarcoma. After reading these articles, we have some questions about the data extraction and processing in the meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxiao Liu
- Shandong University, No. 44, West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China,
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Zhang Q, Li J, Liu F, Li Z. Comments on Li H et al. "A systematic review of matrix metalloproteinase 9 as a biomarker of survival in patients with osteosarcoma". Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5-6. [PMID: 25416443 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2857-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With great interest, we read the article "A systematic review of matrix metalloproteinase 9 as a biomarker of survival in patients with osteosarcoma" (by Li H et al.). This article suggests that high expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is associated with a poor prognosis for patients with osteosarcoma [1]. The result is encouraging. Nevertheless, some flaws existed in this meta-analysis that we would like to point out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital Shandong University, No.107, West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China,
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Kushlinskii NE, Timofeev YS, Solov’ev YN, Gerstein ES, Lyubimova NV, Bulycheva IV. Components of the RANK/RANKL/OPG System, IL-6, IL-8, IL-16, MMP-2, and Calcitonin in the Sera of Patients with Bone Tumors. Bull Exp Biol Med 2014; 157:520-3. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-014-2605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li H, Zhang K, Liu LH, Ouyang Y, Bu J, Guo HB, Xiao T. A systematic review of matrix metalloproteinase 9 as a biomarker of survival in patients with osteosarcoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5487-91. [PMID: 24577891 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) plays an important role in the progression of several types of cancer by increasing tumor growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis and is associated with poor disease prognosis. The possible prognostic value of MMP-9 in osteosarcoma has also been examined, but due to inconsistent results between studies, it has not been possible to draw firm conclusions. To clarify this issue, we conducted a meta-analysis of published studies to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the effect of high MMP-9 expression on the survival outcomes of osteosarcoma patients. Seven studies with a total of 339 patients with osteosarcoma were examined. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) was calculated to evaluate the effect of MMP-9 expression on overall survival. Meta-analysis showed that patients with high MMP-9 expression were significantly associated with lower overall survival when compared to their counterparts with low or undetectable MMP-9 expression (OR=6.13, 95 % CI 3.45-10.89, P<0.001). Sensitivity analysis suggested the pooled OR was stable and not significantly changed when a single study was removed. The results from the systematic review and meta-analysis show that MMP-9 is an effective biomarker for predicting survival of patients with osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
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Letter regarding Wen X.Y. et al. entitled "Matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression and survival of patients with osteosarcoma: a meta-analysis". Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5053. [PMID: 24449508 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1658-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression and survival of patients with osteosarcoma: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:845-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Human matrix metalloproteinases: an ubiquitarian class of enzymes involved in several pathological processes. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 33:119-208. [PMID: 22100792 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to the M10 family of the MA clan of endopeptidases. They are ubiquitarian enzymes, structurally characterized by an active site where a Zn(2+) atom, coordinated by three histidines, plays the catalytic role, assisted by a glutamic acid as a general base. Various MMPs display different domain composition, which is very important for macromolecular substrates recognition. Substrate specificity is very different among MMPs, being often associated to their cellular compartmentalization and/or cellular type where they are expressed. An extensive review of the different MMPs structural and functional features is integrated with their pathological role in several types of diseases, spanning from cancer to cardiovascular diseases and to neurodegeneration. It emerges a very complex and crucial role played by these enzymes in many physiological and pathological processes.
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Correlation of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors with hypoxia and angiogenesis in premenopausal patients with adenocarcinoma of the breast. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:969-74. [PMID: 21620816 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to correlate the expression of proteins regulating invasion and angiogenesis in patients with adenocarcinoma of the breast. DESIGN AND METHOD Seventy-five premenopausal breast cancer patients histologically categorized as grades I, II and III were chosen for the study. We analyzed the expression of MMP-2, and -9 and their inhibitors TIMP-2 and RECK together with HIF-1α and VEGF in tumor, adjacent tissues and serum samples by immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis. RESULTS The breast tumors analyzed in the present study were characterized by increased expression of MMP-2, -9, HIF-1α and VEGF with differential expression patterns of TIMP-2 and downregulation of RECK. CONCLUSIONS The simultaneous analysis of the expression of these molecular markers is important to understand the intricate network between key molecules involved in invasion and angiogenesis that eventually determines the clinical course of the disease.
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