Effect of nitric oxide on physical development and erythropoiesis in the offspring of rats with impaired uteroplacental circulation

Cardioprotective Activity of Pharmacological Agents Affecting NO Production and Bioavailability in the Early Postnatal Period after Intrauterine Hypoxia in Rats

Intrauterine hypoxia in newborns leads to a multifaceted array of alterations that exert a detrimental impact on the cardiovascular system. The aim of this research was to assess the cardioprotective effects of modulators of the nitric oxide (NO) system, including L-arginine, Thiotriazoline, Angiolin, and Mildronate, during the early postnatal period following intrauterine hypoxia. Methods: The study involved 50 female white rats. Pregnant female rats were given a daily intraperitoneal dose of 50 mg/kg of sodium nitrite starting on the 16th day of pregnancy. A control group of pregnant rats received saline instead. The resulting offspring were divided into the following groups: Group 1-intact rats; Group 2-rat pups subjected to prenatal hypoxia (PH) and daily treated with physiological saline; and Groups 3 to 6-rat pups exposed to prenatal hypoxia and treated daily from the 1st to the 30th day after birth. Nitrotyrosine levels, eNOS, iNOS, and NO metabolites were evaluated using ELISA; to measure the expression levels of iNOS mRNA and eNOS mRNA, a PCR test was utilized. Results: Angiolin enhances the expression of eNOS mRNA and boosts eNOS activity in the myocardium of rats with ischemic conditions. Arginine and particularly Thiotriazoline exhibited a consistent impact in restoring normal parameters of the cardiac nitroxidergic system following PH. Mildronate notably raised iNOS mRNA levels and notably reduced nitrotyrosine levels, providing further support for its antioxidative characteristics.

Activity of Heme Synthesis Enzymes in the Bone Marrow and Liver of August and Wistar Rats During the Neonatal Period and After Acute Postnatal Hypoxia

Activity of heme synthesis enzymes in newborn August and Wistar rats was studied after acute hypoxic hypoxia. Daily production of erythrocytes and activities of aminolevulinate synthase, aminolevulinate dehydratase, and heme synthetase were measured in the bone marrow (15-30 min after birth and on days 1 and 3 of life) and liver (day 3 after birth). Hypoxia was followed by a decrease in activity of heme synthesis enzymes in the liver (especially in August rats) and reduction of the daily erythrocyte production (especially in Wistar rats). Our results suggest that the response of heme synthesis enzymes to hypoxic exposure in newborn rats is genetically determined. The observed changes are more pronounced in Wistar rats.