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Yang R, Yang X, Zhang F. New Perspectives of Taxifolin in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2097-2109. [PMID: 36740800 PMCID: PMC10556370 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230203101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), and Huntington's disease (HD) are characterized by cognitive and motor dysfunctions and neurodegeneration. These diseases have become more severe over time and cannot be cured currently. Until now, most treatments for these diseases are only used to relieve the symptoms. Taxifolin (TAX), 3,5,7,3,4-pentahydroxy flavanone, also named dihydroquercetin, is a compound derived primarily from Douglas fir and Larix gemelini. TAX has been confirmed to exhibit various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-virus, and regulation of oxidative stress effects. In the central nervous system, TAX has been demonstrated to inhibit Aβ fibril formation, protect neurons and improve cerebral blood flow, cognitive ability, and dyskinesia. At present, TAX is only applied as a health additive in clinical practice. This review aimed to summarize the application of TAX in neurodegenerative diseases and the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms, such as suppressing inflammation, attenuating oxidative stress, preventing Aβ protein formation, maintaining dopamine levels, and thus reducing neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinxing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Fraga GA, Balogun SO, Pascqua ED, de Oliveira RG, Botelho G, Pavan E, da Rosa Lima T, Avila ETP, de Medeiros Amorim Krueger C, Filho VC, Damazo AS, de Oliveira Martins DT, Voltarelli FA. Heteropterys tomentosa A. Juss: Toxicological and adaptogenic effects in experimental models. Nutr Health 2018; 23:289-298. [PMID: 29214921 DOI: 10.1177/0260106017729908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The constant pursuit of improved athletic performance characterizes high-performance sport and the use of medicinal plants as dietary supplements is becoming widespread among athletes to enhance long-term endurance performance. AIM The present study evaluated the toxicity of Heteropterys tomentosa (HEHt) and its acute adaptogenic effects. METHODS The in vitro safety profile was evaluated on CHO-k1 cells using the alamar Blue assay, at concentrations ranging from 3.125 to 200 µg/mL. In vivo acute oral toxicity was conducted in male and female mice with oral administration of graded doses of HEHt from 400 to 2000 mg/kg. A subchronic oral toxicity study was completed by oral administration of HEHt (50, 200 or 1000 mg/kg) and vehicle for 30 days in male Wistar rats. Clinical observations and toxicological related parameters were determined. Blood was collected for biochemical and hematological analyses, while histological examinations were performed on selected organs. Thereafter, an adaptogenic test consisting of progressive loads until exhaustion was conducted in rats ( n = 5/group) orally pre-treated with the vehicle and HEHt (25, 100 or 400 mg/kg). RESULTS HEHt exhibited no cytotoxic effects on the CHO-k1 cells and, apparently, no acute toxicity in mice and no subchronic toxicity in rats. An ergogenic effect was observed only at the dose of 25 mg/kg compared with the vehicle in relation to time to exhaustion and exercise load ( p = .011 and .019, respectively). HEHt is safe at up to 400 mg/kg, contains astilbin and taxifolin as the major phytochemical compounds, and exhibited a potential adaptogenic effect. CONCLUSIONS These results justify its anecdotal usage as a tonic, show that the hydroethanolic maceration of the root does not cause toxicity, and provide scientific evidence of its potential as a source of new adaptogenic substance(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Géssica Alves Fraga
- 1 Graduate Program of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Sikiru Olaitan Balogun
- 2 Pharmacology Area, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.,3 Pharmacy Course, Northwest of Mato Grosso Faculty, Association of Higher Education of Juína (AJES), Juína, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Emilly Della Pascqua
- 1 Graduate Program of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Ruberlei Godinho de Oliveira
- 2 Pharmacology Area, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Botelho
- 2 Pharmacology Area, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Pavan
- 2 Pharmacology Area, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Thiago da Rosa Lima
- 4 Histology and Cell Biology Area, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Eudes Thiago Pereira Avila
- 1 Graduate Program of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Clarissa de Medeiros Amorim Krueger
- 5 Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and e Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research, University of the Valley of Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel Filho
- 5 Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and e Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research, University of the Valley of Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Amílcar Sabino Damazo
- 4 Histology and Cell Biology Area, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Domingos Tabajara de Oliveira Martins
- 2 Pharmacology Area, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Azevedo Voltarelli
- 1 Graduate Program of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Protective effect of polyphenols in an inflammatory process associated with experimental pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Br J Nutr 2016; 114:853-65. [PMID: 26334388 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515002597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols have been described to have a wide range of biological activities, and many reports, published during recent years, have highlighted the beneficial effects of phenolic compounds, illustrating their promising role as therapeutic tools in several acute and chronic disorders. The purpose of study was to evaluate, in an already-assessed model of lung injury caused by bleomycin (BLM) administration, the role of resveratrol and quercetin, as well as to explore the potential beneficial properties of a mango leaf extract, rich in mangiferin, and a grape leaf extract, rich in dihydroquercetin (DHQ), on the same model. Mice were subjected to intra-tracheal administration of BLM, and polyphenols were administered by oral route immediately after BLM instillation and daily for 7 d. Treatment with resveratrol, mangiferin, quercetin and DHQ inhibited oedema formation and body weight loss, as well as ameliorated polymorphonuclear infiltration into the lung tissue and reduced the number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, polyphenols suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and prevented oxidative and nitroxidative lung injury, as shown by the reduced nitrotyrosine and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase levels. The degree of apoptosis, as evaluated by Bid and Bcl-2 balance, was also suppressed after polyphenol treatment. Finally, these natural products down-regulated cyclo-oxygenase-2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylated expression and reduced NF-κBp65 translocation. Our findings confirmed the anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol and quercetin in BLM-induced lung damage, and highlight, for the first time, the protective properties of exogenous administration of mangiferin and DHQ on experimental pulmonary fibrosis.
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