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Ottewell P, Wilson C. Bone-Targeted Agents in Breast Cancer: Do We Now Have All the Answers? BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019; 13:1178223419843501. [PMID: 31555046 PMCID: PMC6751527 DOI: 10.1177/1178223419843501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The bone-targeted agents (BTAs), bisphosphonates and denosumab, have an established role in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer bone disease and the prevention of cancer-treatment-induced bone loss. Evidence in support of their ability to improve survival in early breast cancer now indicates that the bisphosphonates are effective in postmenopausal women (naturally or chemically induced), but denosumab does not have similar benefits when added to standard adjuvant therapy. In postmenopausal women with early breast cancer, the choice of BTA may differ depending on the indication for treatment; for fracture prevention in low disease recurrence risk patients, denosumab may be favoured (in comparison with placebo) to maintain bone health, and when disease recurrence prevention is a priority in higher risk patients, bisphosphonates may be favoured. The reason for the lack of efficacy of BTAs in premenopausal/perimenopausal patients still remains unanswered and will need preclinical research to evaluate novel treatment combinations with BTAs in this patient group. This review covers the past, present, and future indications for BTAs in both metastatic and early breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Ottewell
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Caroline Wilson
- Weston Park Cancer Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
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Santin JR, da Silva GF, Pastor MVD, Broering MF, Nunes R, Braga RC, de Sousa ITS, Stiz DS, da Silva KABS, Stoeberl LC, Corrêa R, Filho VC, Dos Santos CEM, Quintão NLM. Biological and Toxicological Evaluation of N-(4methyl-phenyl)-4-methylphthalimide on Bone Cancer in Mice. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:667-676. [PMID: 30734686 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190207130732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was recently demonstrated that the phthalimide N-(4-methyl-phenyl)-4- methylphthalimide (MPMPH-1) has important effects against acute and chronic pain in mice, with a mechanism of action correlated to adenylyl cyclase inhibition. Furthermore, it was also demonstrated that phthalimide derivatives presented antiproliferative and anti-tumor effects. Considering the literature data, the present study evaluated the effects of MPMPH-1 on breast cancer bone metastasis and correlated painful symptom, and provided additional toxicological information about the compound and its possible metabolites. METHODS In silico toxicological analysis was supported by in vitro and in vivo experiments to demonstrate the anti-tumor and anti-hypersensitivity effects of the compound. RESULTS The data obtained with the in silico toxicological analysis demonstrated that MPMPH-1 has mutagenic potential, with a low to moderate level of confidence. The mutagenicity potential was in vivo confirmed by micronucleus assay. MPMPH-1 treatments in the breast cancer bone metastasis model were able to prevent the osteoclastic resorption of bone matrix. Regarding cartilage, degradation was considerably reduced within the zoledronic acid group, while in MPMPH-1, chondrocyte multiplication was observed in random areas, suggesting bone regeneration. Additionally, the repeated treatment of mice with MPMPH-1 (10 mg/kg, i.p.), once a day for up to 36 days, significantly reduces the hypersensitivity in animals with breast cancer bone metastasis. CONCLUSION Together, the data herein obtained show that MPMPH-1 is relatively safe, and significantly control the cancer growth, allied to the reduction in bone reabsorption and stimulation of bone and cartilage regeneration. MPMPH-1 effects may be linked, at least in part, to the ability of the compound to interfere with adenylylcyclase pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R Santin
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí/SC, CEP 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Gislaine F da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí/SC, CEP 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Maria V D Pastor
- Biomedicine Course, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí/SC, CEP 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Milena F Broering
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí/SC, CEP 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Roberta Nunes
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí/SC, CEP 88302-901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dorimar S Stiz
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí/SC, CEP 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Kathryn A B S da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí/SC, CEP 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Luis C Stoeberl
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí/SC, CEP 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Rogério Corrêa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí/SC, CEP 88302-901, Brazil
| | - Valdir C Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí/SC, CEP 88302-901, Brazil
| | | | - Nara L M Quintão
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí/SC, CEP 88302-901, Brazil
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