Mycobacterium vaccae Lysate Induces Anti-Allergic Immune Response In Vitro

Microbiome as an immune regulator in health, disease, and therapeutics

New discoveries in drugs and drug delivery systems are focused on identifying and delivering a pharmacologically effective agent, potentially targeting a specific molecular component. However, current drug discovery and therapeutic delivery approaches do not necessarily exploit the complex regulatory network of an indispensable microbiota that has been engineered through evolutionary processes in humans or has been altered by environmental exposure or diseases. The human microbiome, in all its complexity, plays an integral role in the maintenance of host functions such as metabolism and immunity. However, dysregulation in this intricate ecosystem has been linked with a variety of diseases, ranging from inflammatory bowel disease to cancer. Therapeutics and bacteria have an undeniable effect on each other and understanding the interplay between microbes and drugs could lead to new therapies, or to changes in how existing drugs are delivered. In addition, targeting the human microbiome using engineered therapeutics has the potential to address global health challenges. Here, we present the challenges and cutting-edge developments in microbiome-immune cell interactions and outline novel targeting strategies to advance drug discovery and therapeutics, which are defining a new era of personalized and precision medicine.

Reparative and Immunomodulatory Potential of Low-Molecular-Weight Fractions of Secondary Metabolites of Bacillus sp

The experiment was performed on male BALB/c mice with modeled skin wound. Two chromatographic fractions of secondary metabolites of permafrost bacteria Bacillus sp., that represent a mixture of polyethylene-polypropylene glycols oligomers with a molecular weight from 900 to 1350 Da were used as therapeutic agents. Application of the test substances on the wound surface and their parenteral administration significantly accelerated wound epithelialization in comparison with untreated control, activated metabolic processes, and improved humoral immunity. In in vitro experiments, the fractions activated the synthesis of IFNγ and IL-4 by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We conclude that polyethylene-polypropylene glycol oligomers can be a part of effector molecules that determine the repair and immunomodulatory potential of secondary metabolites of permafrost microorganisms Bacillus sp.

Rapidly Growing Mycobacterium Species: The Long and Winding Road from Tuberculosis Vaccines to Potent Stress-Resilience Agents

Inflammatory diseases and stressor-related psychiatric disorders, for which inflammation is a risk factor, are increasing in modern Western societies. Recent studies suggest that immunoregulatory approaches are a promising tool in reducing the risk of suffering from such disorders. Specifically, the environmental saprophyte Mycobacterium vaccae National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC) 11659 has recently gained attention for the prevention and treatment of stress-related psychiatric disorders. However, effective use requires a sophisticated understanding of the effects of M. vaccae NCTC 11659 and related rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGMs) on microbiome–gut–immune–brain interactions. This historical narrative review is intended as a first step in exploring these mechanisms and provides an overview of preclinical and clinical studies on M. vaccae NCTC 11659 and related RGMs. The overall objective of this review article is to increase the comprehension of, and interest in, the mechanisms through which M. vaccae NCTC 11659 and related RGMs promote stress resilience, with the intention of fostering novel clinical strategies for the prevention and treatment of stressor-related disorders.