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Balducci L, Falandry C, Silvio Monfardini. Senotherapy, cancer, and aging. J Geriatr Oncol 2024; 15:101671. [PMID: 37977898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2023.101671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to highlight the effects of senotherapy on the prevention and treatment of cancer in older individuals. The aim of senotherapy is to eliminate senescent cells. These cells express the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). With production of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and different type of proteases, the SASP is responsible for aging-associated disability and diseases. All mammalian cells experience senescence. The main agents of aging include fibroblasts and adipose cells. Senescent tumor cells may undergo genomic reprogramming and re-enter cell cycle with a stem cell phenotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a Medline search for the following key words: senotherapy, senolysis, senomorphic agents. We provide a narrative review of the finding. RESULTS Different agents may eliminate senescent cells from cell cultures and murine models. These include metformin, rapamycin, desatinib, quercitin, fisetin, ruloxitinib, and BCL2 inhibitors. A randomized controlled study of metformin in 3,000 patients aged 65-79 without glucose intolerance aiming to establish whether senotherapy may prevent or reverse disability and aging associated diseases, including cancer, is ongoing. Senotherapy prolongs the life span and decreases the incidence of cancer in experimental animal models, as well as delays and reverses disability. Senescent tumor cells are found prior to treatment and after chemotherapy and radiation. These elements may be responsible for tumor recurrence and treatment refractoriness. DISCUSSION Senotherapy may have substantial effects on cancer management including decreased incidence and aggressiveness of cancer, improved tolerance of antineoplastic treatment, and prevention of relapse after primary treatment. Senotherapy may ameliorate several complications of cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Falandry
- Service de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitaliser Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France; Laboratoire CarMeN, Inserm U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, France.
| | - Silvio Monfardini
- Director Oncopaedia Project European School of Oncology. Director Emeritus Division of Medical Oncology Istituto Oncologico Veneto, Padova., Italy.
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Qi Q, Wang Q, Li Y, Silva DZ, Ruiz MEL, Ouyang R, Liu B, Miao Y. Recent Development of Rhenium-Based Materials in the Application of Diagnosis and Tumor Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062733. [PMID: 36985704 PMCID: PMC10051626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhenium (Re) is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer due to its unique physical and chemical properties. Re has more valence electrons in its outer shell, allowing it to exist in a variety of oxidation states and to form different geometric configurations with many different ligands. The luminescence properties, lipophilicity, and cytotoxicity of complexes can be adjusted by changing the ligand of Re. This article mainly reviews the development of radionuclide 188Re in radiotherapy and some innovative applications of Re as well as the different therapeutic approaches and imaging techniques used in cancer therapy. In addition, the current application and future challenges and opportunities of Re are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Qi
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Q.Q.); (Q.W.); (R.O.)
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Q.Q.); (Q.W.); (R.O.)
| | - Yuhao Li
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Q.Q.); (Q.W.); (R.O.)
- USST-UH International Joint Laboratory for Tumor Diagnosis and Energy Treatment, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (M.E.L.R.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (D.Z.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Dionisio Zaldivar Silva
- USST-UH International Joint Laboratory for Tumor Diagnosis and Energy Treatment, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (M.E.L.R.); (B.L.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Havana 10400, Cuba
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (D.Z.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Maria Eliana Lanio Ruiz
- USST-UH International Joint Laboratory for Tumor Diagnosis and Energy Treatment, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (M.E.L.R.); (B.L.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Havana 10400, Cuba
| | - Ruizhuo Ouyang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Q.Q.); (Q.W.); (R.O.)
- USST-UH International Joint Laboratory for Tumor Diagnosis and Energy Treatment, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (M.E.L.R.); (B.L.)
| | - Baolin Liu
- USST-UH International Joint Laboratory for Tumor Diagnosis and Energy Treatment, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (M.E.L.R.); (B.L.)
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Q.Q.); (Q.W.); (R.O.)
- USST-UH International Joint Laboratory for Tumor Diagnosis and Energy Treatment, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (M.E.L.R.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (D.Z.S.); (Y.M.)
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Llamas-Ramos I, Alvarado-Omenat JJ, Rodrigo-Reguilón M, Llamas-Ramos R. Quality of Life and Side Effects Management in Cancer Treatment-A Cross Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1708. [PMID: 36767073 PMCID: PMC9914572 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer disease is a world problem which is increasing in its prevalence. Oncology patients have a multitude of symptoms derived from the treatments and from the disease itself that affect their quality of life to a greater or lesser extent. The aim of this study has been to discover the physical and psychological symptoms related to chemotherapy treatment in Spanish cancer patients in order to improve their quality of life. Symptoms from the previous week were taken into account and the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale was used to measure the frequency, severity and associated distress of 32 symptoms. A total of 246 chemotherapy patients at the University Day Hospital in Salamanca completed the scale once while receiving chemotherapy treatment. A 95% confidence interval was considered. The most prevalent symptoms were a lack of energy (76.4%), anxiety (66.7%) and a dry mouth (60.6%). Lung cancer was the most prevalent cancer in men (26%) and breast cancer was the most prevalent cancer in women (72%). There is no consensus on which is the most prevalent symptom in this population and more studies will need to be carried out to determine the best treatment protocols. Symptom's prevalence knowledge could improve the patients' care to prevent or avoid complications and to improve the cancer patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Llamas-Ramos
- Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, C/Donantes de Sangre s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- University Hospital of Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente, 182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | - Rocío Llamas-Ramos
- Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, C/Donantes de Sangre s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Penning Y, El Asmar A, Moreau M, Raspé J, Dal Lago L, Pepersack T, Donckier V, Liberale G. Evaluation of the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) tool as a predictor of postoperative complications following major oncological abdominal surgery in geriatric patients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264790. [PMID: 35239731 PMCID: PMC8893608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The concept of frailty extends beyond chronological age. Identifying frailty using a two-step approach, starting with the use of a screening tool (G8) followed by comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), may be useful in guiding treatment decisions and follow-up. This study evaluated the association between G8 and CGA, and the risk of 90-day postoperative complications risk, in oncogeriatric patients. Methods Data on geriatric patients with major oncological abdominal surgery was retrospectively collected from our hospital records between 2016 and 2019. Patients with an impaired G8 screening score, who subsequently underwent CGA geriatric screening, were included. Postoperative complications were classified using the Clavien-Dindo classification (CD), and the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI). The association between the individual components of the geriatric assessment tools and the 90-day postoperative complications risk was analyzed. Results One hundred and twelve patients, aged ≥ 70 years, operated for an intra-abdominal tumor with curative intent, were included. Seventy-six patients (67.9%) presented with an impaired G8, out of whom sixty-six (58.9%) had a CGA performed. On univariate analysis, altered nutritional status assessed by the Mini-Nutritional Assessment-Short Form was the only variable associated with higher postoperative total complication rate (p = 0.01). Patients with an impaired G8 had significantly more postoperative complications and higher 1-year mortality rates than patients with normal G8. Fifteen patients (13.4%) had grade III-IVb complications. A CCI > 50 was recorded in 16 patients (14.3%). All-cause 90-day postoperative mortality was 10.7%. Conclusion Identifying an altered preoperative nutritional status, as part of the CGA, in patients screening positive for frailty, is a potentially modifiable risk factor that can enhance preoperative management and optimize treatment decision making. G8 may be a predictive factor for postoperative complications in oncogeriatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Penning
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antoine El Asmar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Michel Moreau
- Data Centre and Statistics Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Raspé
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lissandra Dal Lago
- Department of Medicine, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Pepersack
- Department of Medicine, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Donckier
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gabriel Liberale
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Gurba A, Taciak P, Sacharczuk M, Młynarczuk-Biały I, Bujalska-Zadrożny M, Fichna J. Gold (III) Derivatives in Colon Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:724. [PMID: 35054907 PMCID: PMC8775370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in men and the second in women. Standard patterns of antitumor therapy, including cisplatin, are ineffective due to their lack of specificity for tumor cells, development of drug resistance, and severe side effects. For this reason, new methods and strategies for CRC treatment are urgently needed. Current research includes novel platinum (Pt)- and other metal-based drugs such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), iridium (Ir), or ruthenium (Ru). Au(III) compounds are promising drug candidates for CRC treatment due to their structural similarity to Pt(II). Their advantage is their relatively good solubility in water, but their disadvantage is an unsatisfactory stability under physiological conditions. Due to these limitations, work is still underway to improve the formula of Au(III) complexes by combining with various types of ligands capable of stabilizing the Au(III) cation and preventing its reduction under physiological conditions. This review summarizes the achievements in the field of stable Au(III) complexes with potential cytotoxic activity restricted to cancer cells. Moreover, it has been shown that not nucleic acids but various protein structures such as thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) mediate the antitumor effects of Au derivatives. The state of the art of the in vivo studies so far conducted is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gurba
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (M.S.); (M.B.-Z.)
| | - Przemysław Taciak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (M.S.); (M.B.-Z.)
| | - Mariusz Sacharczuk
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (M.S.); (M.B.-Z.)
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Izabela Młynarczuk-Biały
- Department for Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrożny
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (M.S.); (M.B.-Z.)
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
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Ivanova S. Comparative assessment of clinical trials, indications, pharmacokinetic parameters and side effects of approved platinum drugs. PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e78813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum complexes are among the most commonly applied anticancer agents. The aim of current work is collection, analysing and comparative estimation of clinical trials and pharmacological indications of currently approved for application platinum detivatives: Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin, Nedaplatin (Japan), Lobaplatin (China), Heptaplatin (North Korea), and Satraplatin. The other aim of the study includes the summarizing of the hystoric data for the stages of the developlement of these drugs, and the comparison of pharmacokimetic parameters, side effecs and the dose-liniting factors of the drugs. The observational study on pharmacokinetic parameters shows that protein binding decreases in order: 95% (Cisplatn); 90% (Oxaliplatin); 50% (Nedaplatin); low (Carboplatin). For every of Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin have been reported more than 1000 clinical trials; for Lobaplatin, Nedaplatin, Satraplatin - about 10 trials. The differenses in dose-limiting effects are: neuro-, nephro-, ototoxicity (Cisplatin); neurotoxicity (Oxaliplatin); nephrotoxicity (Heptaplatin); myelosuppression: thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, leukopenia (Carboplatin, Nedaplatin, Satraplatin).
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Paderi A, Fancelli S, Caliman E, Pillozzi S, Gambale E, Mela MM, Doni L, Mazzoni F, Antonuzzo L. Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Elderly Patients: An Observational Study. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:3259-3267. [PMID: 34449588 PMCID: PMC8395507 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28050283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has completely changed the treatment of solid tumors. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) seem to be an appealing alternative to chemotherapy, especially in elderly patients, due to a more tolerable toxicity profile, they can lead to a peculiar variety of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). However, data on tolerability and outcome of ICIs in the elderly are lacking due to poor accrual in clinical trials of these patients. METHODS We performed a retro-prospective analysis on patients treated with single agent anti-PD-L1/PD-1 at the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, from March 2016 to March 2020. Data on the treatment responses, type and severity of irAEs, as well as the corticosteroids (CCS) dosage used for irAEs and the discontinuation rate, were described per each patient, according to two different age-based cohorts of patients (< or ≥70 years). RESULTS We reported a lower incidence of all-grade toxicity in elderly compared to younger patients (64.9% vs. 44.9%, p = 0.018). The two age-cohorts showed a different profile of irAEs. Endocrine irAEs were significantly higher in younger patients (39.7% vs. 21.7%, p = 0.002), while dermatologic toxicities were more common in the older group (35.0% vs. 11.3%, p = 0.047). Use of CCS and treatment discontinuation rate do not differ significantly between the two age groups. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that treatment with ICIs in elderly populations is safe and feasible. Patients over 70 years are more prone to develop skin irAEs, while younger patients are more subject to experience endocrine toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Paderi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (S.F.); (E.C.); (S.P.); (E.G.); (M.M.M.); (L.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Sara Fancelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (S.F.); (E.C.); (S.P.); (E.G.); (M.M.M.); (L.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Enrico Caliman
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (S.F.); (E.C.); (S.P.); (E.G.); (M.M.M.); (L.D.); (F.M.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Pillozzi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (S.F.); (E.C.); (S.P.); (E.G.); (M.M.M.); (L.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Gambale
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (S.F.); (E.C.); (S.P.); (E.G.); (M.M.M.); (L.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Marinella Micol Mela
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (S.F.); (E.C.); (S.P.); (E.G.); (M.M.M.); (L.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Laura Doni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (S.F.); (E.C.); (S.P.); (E.G.); (M.M.M.); (L.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesca Mazzoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (S.F.); (E.C.); (S.P.); (E.G.); (M.M.M.); (L.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Antonuzzo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (S.F.); (E.C.); (S.P.); (E.G.); (M.M.M.); (L.D.); (F.M.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Lu L, Ma L, Zhang X, Susanne Mullins C, Linnebacher M. Analyzing non-cancer causes of death of colorectal carcinoma patients in the US population for the years 2000-2016. Cancer Med 2021; 10:2740-2751. [PMID: 33314795 PMCID: PMC8026921 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment and patient survival improved greatly. Consequently an increased incidence of non-cancer-related deaths is observed. This study analyzed the causes of non-cancer death for people suffering from CRC based on the year of diagnosis, follow-up time, and patient's age. METHODS The data from patients diagnosed with CRC in the years 2000-2016 were taken from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 database. Patients were categorized according to: death from CRC, non-CRC cancer, and non-cancer. Constituent ratios and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated to describe the death causes distribution and relative death risks. RESULTS Between 2000 and 2016, a stable and rapid drop for the original diagnosis as death cause for CRC patients was observed (70.19% to 49.35%). This was coupled to an increase in non-cancer-associated death reasons (23.38% to 40.00%). The most common non-cancer death cause was heart disease, especially for elderly patients. However, deaths from accidents and adverse effects were frequent in younger CRC patients. Patients died from septicemia more often within the first follow-up year; however, a 6-fold increase in death from Alzheimer's disease was found for after at least 180 months follow-up time. The SMRs of all 25 non-cancer death causes initially decreased in all CRC subgroups, followed by an increase with follow-up times. Gradually decreasing SMR values were observed with increasing age of CRC patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings could help modify and sharpen preventive measures and clinical management and raise physician's awareness to potential non-CRC death risk factors for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Molecular Oncology and ImmunotherapyRostock University Medical CenterRostockGermany
| | - Li Ma
- Department of EpidemiologyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xianbin Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryShenzhen University General Hospital & Carson International Cancer Research CentreShenzhenChina
| | - Christina Susanne Mullins
- Department of General Surgery, Molecular Oncology and ImmunotherapyRostock University Medical CenterRostockGermany
| | - Michael Linnebacher
- Department of General Surgery, Molecular Oncology and ImmunotherapyRostock University Medical CenterRostockGermany
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Arora I, Sharma M, Sun LY, Tollefsbol TO. The Epigenetic Link between Polyphenols, Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091094. [PMID: 32962067 PMCID: PMC7565986 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process mainly categorized by a decline in tissue, cells and organ function and an increased risk of mortality. Recent studies have provided evidence that suggests a strong association between epigenetic mechanisms throughout an organism’s lifespan and age-related disease progression. Epigenetics is considered an evolving field and regulates the genetic code at several levels. Among these are DNA changes, which include modifications to DNA methylation state, histone changes, which include modifications of methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination and phosphorylation of histones, and non-coding RNA changes. As a result, these epigenetic modifications are vital targets for potential therapeutic interventions against age-related deterioration and disease progression. Dietary polyphenols play a key role in modulating these modifications thereby delaying aging and extending longevity. In this review, we summarize recent advancements linking epigenetics, polyphenols and aging as well as critical findings related to the various dietary polyphenols in different fruits and vegetables. In addition, we cover studies that relate polyphenols and their epigenetic effects to various aging-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, diabetes, osteoporosis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itika Arora
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (I.A.); (M.S.); (L.Y.S.)
| | - Manvi Sharma
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (I.A.); (M.S.); (L.Y.S.)
| | - Liou Y. Sun
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (I.A.); (M.S.); (L.Y.S.)
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Trygve O. Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (I.A.); (M.S.); (L.Y.S.)
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1802 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1675 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-934-4573; Fax: +1-205-975-6097
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Stabilization of telomere by the antioxidant property of polyphenols: Anti-aging potential. Life Sci 2020; 259:118341. [PMID: 32853653 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a form of a gradual loss of physiological integrity that results in impaired cellular function and ultimately increased vulnerability to disease and death. This process is a significant risk factor for critical age-related disorders such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurological conditions. Several mechanisms contribute to aging, most notably progressive telomeres shortening, which can be counteracted by telomerase enzyme activity and increasing in this enzyme activity associated with partly delaying the onset of aging. Individual behaviors and environmental factors such as nutrition affect the life-span by impact the telomerase activity rate. Healthy eating habits, including antioxidant intakes, such as polyphenols, can have a positive effect on telomere length by this mechanism. In this review, after studying the underlying mechanisms of aging and understanding the relationships between telomeres, telomerase, and aging, it has been attempted to explain the effect of polyphenols on reversing the oxidative stress and aging process.
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Lee J, Noh J, Jeong JY. Oncological outcomes of omitting sentinel lymph node biopsy in elderly patients with breast cancer. Asian J Surg 2020; 43:1090-1092. [PMID: 32727675 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyeon Lee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeongju Noh
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ji Yun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.
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Keshvari M, Nejadtaghi M, Hosseini-Beheshti F, Rastqar A, Patel N. Exploring the role of circadian clock gene and association with cancer pathophysiology. Chronobiol Int 2019; 37:151-175. [PMID: 31791146 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1681440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Most of the processes that occur in the mind and body follow natural rhythms. Those with a cycle length of about one day are called circadian rhythms. These rhythms are driven by a system of self-sustained clocks and are entrained by environmental cues such as light-dark cycles as well as food intake. In mammals, the circadian clock system is hierarchically organized such that the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus integrates environmental information and synchronizes the phase of oscillators in peripheral tissues.The circadian system is responsible for regulating a variety of physiological and behavioral processes, including feeding behavior and energy metabolism. Studies revealed that the circadian clock system consists primarily of a set of clock genes. Several genes control the biological clock, including BMAL1, CLOCK (positive regulators), CRY1, CRY2, PER1, PER2, and PER3 (negative regulators) as indicators of the peripheral clock.Circadian has increasingly become an important area of medical research, with hundreds of studies pointing to the body's internal clocks as a factor in both health and disease. Thousands of biochemical processes from sleep and wakefulness to DNA repair are scheduled and dictated by these internal clocks. Cancer is an example of health problems where chronotherapy can be used to improve outcomes and deliver a higher quality of care to patients.In this article, we will discuss knowledge about molecular mechanisms of the circadian clock and the role of clocks in physiology and pathophysiology of concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Keshvari
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Mahdieh Nejadtaghi
- Department of Medical Genetics, faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Rastqar
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Niraj Patel
- Centre de Recherche CERVO, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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13
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Mongiat-Artus P, Paillaud E, Caillet P, Albrand G, Neuzillet Y. [Geriatric specificities of prostate cancer]. Prog Urol 2019; 29:828-839. [PMID: 31771767 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the epidemiology of prostate cancer (PCa) and its natural history in the elderly patient. To propose adaptations of geriatric evaluation specific to PCa. Recall therapeutic options and the treatment options specific to elderly patients. METHOD Bibliographic research from the Medline bibliographic database (NLM Pubmed tool) and Embase, as well as on the websites of scientific societies of geriatrics, from the National Cancer Institute using the following keywords: elderly, geriatrics, prostate cancer, diagnosis, treatment. RESULTS The median age at diagnosis for PCa is 69 years old, making PCa the very type of cancer of the elderly. The specific mortality of the disease increases with age. This translates two of its characteristics. First, a diagnosis at higher grade and stage is more common in older patients than in younger patients. Secondly, use of curative therapeutic options is less common in elderly patients than in younger patients. SIOG recommends a specific geriatric assessment for patients with PCa, which may be useful, but the need for an initial detection of cognitive disorders is open to criticism. There is no therapeutic trial, if only prospective, dedicated to elderly patients with PCa. However, decision-making in the elderly patient with PCa must pursue two goals: first, the respect of the expectations specific to each patient and secondly, the search for the global clinical benefit; goals that should not be restricted to elderly patients. CONCLUSION PCa in the elderly patient follow the current guidelines for diagnostic and for treatment. Compliance with these guidelines should eliminate both the late diagnosis and the under-treatment actually observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mongiat-Artus
- Service d'urologie et unité de chirurgie et d'anesthésie ambulatoires, université Paris Diderot - université de Paris, Inserm UMR_S1165, hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France.
| | - E Paillaud
- Service de gériatrie, unité d'onco-gériatrie et UCOG - Paris-Ouest, université René-Descartes - université de Paris, EA 7376 épidémiologie clinique et vieillissement, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - P Caillet
- Service de gériatrie, hôpital Henri-Mondor, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | - G Albrand
- Service de gériatrie et UCOG - IR, AuRA Ouest-Guyane, centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, hospices civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Y Neuzillet
- Service d'urologie, université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
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14
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Golubev AG, Anisimov VN. Aging and cancer: Is glucose a mediator between them? Oncotarget 2019; 10:6758-6767. [PMID: 31827719 PMCID: PMC6887572 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging can increase cancer incidence because of accumulated mutations that initiate cancer and via compromised body control of premalignant lesions development into cancer. Relative contributions of these two factors are debated. Recent evidence suggests that the latter is rate limiting. In particular, hyperglycemia caused by compromised body control of blood glucose may be a factor of selection of somatic mutation-bearing cells for the ability to use glucose for proliferation. High glucose utilization in aerobic glycolysis is a long known characteristic of cancer. The new evidence adds to the concepts that have been being developed starting from mid-1970ies to suggest that age-related shifts in glucose and lipid metabolism increase the risk of cancer and compromise prognoses for cancer patients and to propose antidiabetic biguanides, including metformin, for cancer prevention and as an adjuvant means of cancer treatment aimed at the metabolic rehabilitation of patients. The new evidence is consistent with several effects of glucose contributing to aging and acting synergistically to enhance carcinogenesis. Glucose can affect (i) separate cells (via promoting somatic mutagenesis and epigenetic instability), (ii) cell populations (via being a factor of selection of phenotypic variants in cell populations for higher glucose consumption and, ultimately, for high aerobic glycolysis); (iii) cell microenvironment (via modification of extracellular matrix proteins), and (iv) the systemic levels (via shifting the endocrine regulation of metabolism toward increasing blood lipids and body fat, which compromise immunological surveillance and promote inflammation). Thus, maintenance of youthful metabolic characteristics must be important for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey G. Golubev
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology, N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | - Vladimir N. Anisimov
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology, N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint Petersburg 197758, Russia
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15
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Rožman P. How Could We Slow or Reverse the Human Aging Process and Extend the Healthy Life Span with Heterochronous Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Rejuvenation Res 2019; 23:159-170. [PMID: 31203790 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2018.2164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The senescence of the immune system contributes considerably to the age-related diseases that are the main causes of death after the age of 65. In this study, we present an appealing option for the prevention of immune senescence and slowing or reversing the aging process, which can be achieved by heterochronous autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haHSCT), where healthy autologous bone marrow stem cells are collected from donors while young, cryopreserved and stored for a long period, and reinfused at a later time when indicated. After reinfusion and homing, these young HSCs could participate in normal hemato- and immunopoiesis and improve several immune functions by expanding the immune- as well as hematopoietic cell repertoire. Several animal studies have already confirmed the feasibility of this procedure, which extended the longevity of the treated animals. If translated to human medicine, haHSCT could prevent or mitigate age-related immune defects and extend the healthy life span. In this review, we describe the concept of haHSCT, recent studies that confirm its feasibility, and discuss the further research needed to translate this heterochronous methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Primož Rožman
- Immunohaematology Department, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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16
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Fulop T, Witkowski JM, Olivieri F, Larbi A. The integration of inflammaging in age-related diseases. Semin Immunol 2018; 40:17-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Rožman P. The potential of non-myeloablative heterochronous autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for extending a healthy life span. GeroScience 2018; 40:221-242. [PMID: 29948868 PMCID: PMC6060192 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-018-0027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex multifactorial process, a prominent component being the senescence of the immune system. Consequently, immune-related diseases develop, including atherosclerosis, cancer, and life-threatening infections, which impact on health and longevity. Rejuvenating the aged immune system could mitigate these diseases, thereby contributing to longevity and health. Currently, an appealing option for rejuvenating the immune system is heterochronous autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haHSCT), where healthy autologous bone marrow/peripheral blood stem cells are collected during the youth of an individual, cryopreserved, and re-infused when he or she has reached an older age. After infusion, young hematopoietic stem cells can reconstitute the compromised immune system and improve immune function. Several studies using animal models have achieved substantial extension of the life span of animals treated with haHSCT. Therefore, haHSCT could be regarded as a potential procedure for preventing age-related immune defects and extending healthy longevity. In this review, the pros, cons, and future feasibility of this approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Primož Rožman
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Šlajmerjeva 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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18
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Two-Step Senescence-Focused Cancer Therapies. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:723-737. [PMID: 29776716 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Damaged cells at risk of neoplastic transformation can be neutralized by apoptosis or engagement of the senescence program, which induces permanent cell-cycle arrest and a bioactive secretome that is implicated in tumor immunosurveillance. While from an evolutionary perspective senescence is beneficial in that it protects against malignancies, the accumulation of senescent cells in tissues and organs with aging and at sites of various pathologies is largely detrimental. Because induction of senescence in cancer cells is emerging as a therapeutic concept, it will be important to consider these detrimental effects, including tumor-promoting properties that may drive the formation of secondary tumors or cancer relapse. In this review we discuss the complex relationship between senescence and cancer, and highlight important considerations for therapeutics.
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19
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Kochi M, Hinoi T, Niitsu H, Ohdan H, Konishi F, Kinugasa Y, Kobatake T, Ito M, Inomata M, Yatsuoka T, Ueki T, Tashiro J, Yamaguchi S, Watanabe M. Risk factors for postoperative pneumonia in elderly patients with colorectal cancer: a sub-analysis of a large, multicenter, case-control study in Japan. Surg Today 2018; 48:756-764. [PMID: 29594413 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-018-1653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Postoperative pneumonia affects the length of stay and mortality after surgery in elderly patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to determine the risk factors of postoperative pneumonia in elderly patients with CRC, and to evaluate the impact of laparoscopic surgery on elderly patients with CRC. METHODS We retrospectively investigated 1473 patients ≥ 80 years of age who underwent surgery for stage 0-III CRC between 2003 and 2007. Using a multivariate analysis, we determined the risk factors for pneumonia occurrence from each baseline characteristic. RESULTS Among all included patients, 26 (1.8%) experienced postoperative pneumonia, and restrictive respiratory impairment, obstructive respiratory impairment, history of cerebrovascular events, and open surgery were determined as risk factors (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 2.78 [1.22-6.20], 2.71 [1.22-6.30], 3.60 [1.37-8.55], and 3.57 [1.22-15.2], respectively). Furthermore, postoperative pneumonia was more frequently accompanied by increasing cumulative numbers of these risk factors (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.763). CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic surgery may be safely performed in elderly CRC patients, even those with respiratory impairment and a history of cerebrovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Kochi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takao Hinoi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan. .,Department of Surgery, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chu-goku Cancer Center, 3-1, Aoyama-cho, Kure-shi, Hiroshima, 737-0023, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Niitsu
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Fumio Konishi
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Ohmiya-ku, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Nerima Hikarigaoka Hospital, 2-11-1 Hikarigaoka, Nerima, Tokyo, 179-0072, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kinugasa
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takaya Kobatake
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, 160 Koh, Umemotomachi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 791-0280, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Masafumi Inomata
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hazama-cho, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yatsuoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, 780 Komuro, Inamachi, Kita-Adachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological and General Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueki
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hamanomachi Hospital, 3-3-1 Nagahama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka, 810-8539, Japan
| | - Jo Tashiro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
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20
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Cortese F, Klokov D, Osipov A, Stefaniak J, Moskalev A, Schastnaya J, Cantor C, Aliper A, Mamoshina P, Ushakov I, Sapetsky A, Vanhaelen Q, Alchinova I, Karganov M, Kovalchuk O, Wilkins R, Shtemberg A, Moreels M, Baatout S, Izumchenko E, de Magalhães JP, Artemov AV, Costes SV, Beheshti A, Mao XW, Pecaut MJ, Kaminskiy D, Ozerov IV, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Zhavoronkov A. Vive la radiorésistance!: converging research in radiobiology and biogerontology to enhance human radioresistance for deep space exploration and colonization. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14692-14722. [PMID: 29581875 PMCID: PMC5865701 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While many efforts have been made to pave the way toward human space colonization, little consideration has been given to the methods of protecting spacefarers against harsh cosmic and local radioactive environments and the high costs associated with protection from the deleterious physiological effects of exposure to high-Linear energy transfer (high-LET) radiation. Herein, we lay the foundations of a roadmap toward enhancing human radioresistance for the purposes of deep space colonization and exploration. We outline future research directions toward the goal of enhancing human radioresistance, including upregulation of endogenous repair and radioprotective mechanisms, possible leeways into gene therapy in order to enhance radioresistance via the translation of exogenous and engineered DNA repair and radioprotective mechanisms, the substitution of organic molecules with fortified isoforms, and methods of slowing metabolic activity while preserving cognitive function. We conclude by presenting the known associations between radioresistance and longevity, and articulating the position that enhancing human radioresistance is likely to extend the healthspan of human spacefarers as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cortese
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dmitry Klokov
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreyan Osipov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Jakub Stefaniak
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology and Gerontology, Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jane Schastnaya
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles Cantor
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Aliper
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, D. Rogachev Federal Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Mamoshina
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Computer Science Department, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Igor Ushakov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alex Sapetsky
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Quentin Vanhaelen
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Irina Alchinova
- Laboratory of Physicochemical and Ecological Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute for Space Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Karganov
- Laboratory of Physicochemical and Ecological Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Canada Cancer and Aging Research Laboratories, Ltd., Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ruth Wilkins
- Environmental and Radiation and Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrey Shtemberg
- Laboratory of Extreme Physiology, Institute of Medical and Biological Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marjan Moreels
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, (SCK·CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, (SCK·CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Cancer Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Artem V. Artemov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Afshin Beheshti
- Wyle Laboratories, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiao Wen Mao
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Michael J. Pecaut
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Dmitry Kaminskiy
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
- Deep Knowledge Life Sciences, London, UK
| | - Ivan V. Ozerov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Chu SK, Yang HC. Interethnic DNA methylation difference and its implications in pharmacoepigenetics. Epigenomics 2017; 9:1437-1454. [PMID: 28882057 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This is the first systematic study to examine the population differentiation effect of DNA methylation on the treatment response and drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion in multiple tissue types and cancer types. MATERIALS & METHODS We analyzed the whole methylome and transcriptome data of primary tumor tissues of four cancer types (breast, colon, head & neck and uterine corpus) and lymphoblastoid cell lines for African and European ancestry populations. RESULTS Ethnicity-associated CpG sites exhibited similar methylation patterns in the two studied populations, but the patterns differed between tumor tissues and lymphoblastoid cell lines. Ethnicity-associated CpG sites may have triggered gene expression, influenced drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, and showed tumor-specific patterns of methylation and gene regulation. CONCLUSION Ethnicity should be carefully accounted for in future pharmacoepigenetics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Kai Chu
- Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chou Yang
- Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.,Instutite of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
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22
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Identification of exposure to environmental chemicals in children and older adults using human biomonitoring data sorted by age: Results from a literature review. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 220:282-298. [PMID: 28159478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human biomonitoring (HBM) provides the tools for exposure assessment by direct measurements of biological specimens such as blood and urine. HBM can identify new chemical exposures, trends and changes in exposure, establish distribution of exposure among the general population, and identify vulnerable groups and populations with distinct exposures such as children and older adults. The objective of this review is to demonstrate the use of HBM to identify environmental chemicals that might be of concern for children or older adults due to higher body burden. To do so, an extensive literature search was performed, and using a set of defined criteria, ten large-scale, cross-sectional national HBM programs were selected for data review and evaluation. A comparative analysis of the age-stratified data from these programs and other relevant HBM studies indicated twelve chemicals/classes of chemicals with potentially higher body burden in children or older adults. Children appear to have higher body burden of bisphenol A (BPA), some phytoestrogens, perchlorate, and some metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzene. On the other hand, older adults appear to have higher body burden of heavy metals and organochlorine pesticides. For perfluoroalkyl substances, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, parabens, and phthalates, both children and older adults have higher body burden depending on the specific biomarkers analyzed, and this might be due to the exposure period and/or sources from different countries. Published data from the DEMOCOPHES project (a pilot study to harmonize HBM efforts across Europe) also showed elevated exposures to BPA and some phthalate metabolites in children across several European countries. In summary, age-stratified HBM data can provide useful knowledge of identifying environmental chemicals that might be of concern for children and older adults, which, combined with additional efforts to identify potential sources of exposure, could assist policy makers in prioritizing their actions in order to reduce chemical exposure and potential risks of adverse health effects.
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23
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Zhang GM, Guo XX, Ma XB, Zhang GM. Reference Intervals of Alpha-Fetoprotein and Carcinoembryonic Antigen in the Apparently Healthy Population. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:4875-4880. [PMID: 27941709 PMCID: PMC5156556 DOI: 10.12659/msm.901861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to calculate 95% reference intervals and double-sided limits of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) according to the CLSI EP28-A3 guideline. Material/Methods Serum AFP and CEA values were measured in samples from 26 000 healthy subjects in the Shuyang area receiving general health checkups. The 95% reference intervals and upper limits were calculated by using MedCalc. Results We provided continuous reference intervals from 20 years old to 90 years old for AFP and CEA. The reference intervals were: AFP, 1.31–7.89 ng/ml (males) and 1.01–7.10 ng/ml (females); CEA, 0.51–4.86 ng/ml (males) and 0.35–3.45ng/ml (females). AFP and CEA were significantly positively correlated with age in both males (r=0.196 and r=0.198) and females (r=0.121 and r=0.197). Conclusions Different races or populations and different detection systems may result in different reference intervals for AFP and CEA. Continuous reference intervals of age changes are more accurate than age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Ming Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Shuyang People's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Shuyang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xu-Xiao Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Bo Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Shuyang People's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Shuyang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Guo-Ming Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Shuyang People's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Shuyang, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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Van Lancker A, Beeckman D, Verhaeghe S, Van Den Noortgate N, Van Hecke A. Symptom clustering in hospitalised older palliative cancer patients: A cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud 2016; 61:72-81. [PMID: 27294861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate detection of symptoms is essential in palliative care. Identification of clustering of symptom is valuable to develop target interventions. This area is largely understudied in older palliative cancer patients. OBJECTIVES To identify symptom clustering in older palliative cancer patients, and patient groups based on the clustering of symptoms, and to evaluate the difference in functional dependence and experiencing life as not meaningful between the identified patient groups. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Geriatric and non-geriatric wards of seven acute care hospitals. PARTICIPANTS 400 palliative cancer patients aged 65 years and older. METHODS Symptoms were collected using a validated instrument which assesses physical, psychological, functional, social, and existential symptoms by means of a structured interview with a researcher. An agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis was used to analyse the data. RESULTS The cluster analysis revealed five groups of symptoms: (1) urological and gastrointestinal symptoms, and their treatment complications, (2) psychological and existential symptoms, (3) pain, constipation, sleeplessness and airway problems, (4) functionality problems, and (5) fatigue-related symptoms. Three patient groups were identified: (1) symptom-free group, (2) physical discomfort group, and (3) physical and psychological discomfort group. In the last group, significant more patients had a geriatric risk profile and less of them received chemotherapy. Patients in this group were more often functionally dependent and experienced their life as not meaningful. CONCLUSION Five groups of symptoms were identified. Three patient groups were identified which reported different levels of functionality and experiencing life as meaningful. Healthcare professionals should be triggered to detect symptom clusters and be alert to the presence of the other symptoms in the cluster when identifying one symptom. They should also be alert to patients with a geriatric risk profile because of their higher risk of experiencing physical and psychological symptoms and the influence these symptoms have on being functionally dependent and experiencing life as not meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Van Lancker
- University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dimitri Beeckman
- University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Verhaeghe
- University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ann Van Hecke
- University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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The Evaluation of More Lymph Nodes in Colon Cancer Is Associated with Improved Survival in Patients of All Ages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155608. [PMID: 27196666 PMCID: PMC4873179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Improvement in survival of patients with colon cancer is reduced in elderly patients compared to younger patients. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the removal of ≥ 12 lymph nodes can explain differences in survival rates between elderly and younger patients diagnosed with colon cancer. Methods In a population-based cohort study, all patients (N = 41,074) diagnosed with colon cancer stage I to III from 2003 through 2010 from the Netherlands Cancer Registry were included. Age groups were defined as < 66, 66–75 and > 75 years of age. Main outcome measures were overall and relative survival, the latter as a proxy for disease specific survival. Results Over an eight years time period there was a 41.2% increase in patients with ≥ 12 lymph nodes removed, whereas the percentage of patients with the presence of lymph node metastases remained stable (35.7% to 37.5%). After adjustment for patient and tumour characteristics and adjuvant chemotherapy, it was found that for patients in which ≥ 12 lymph nodes were removed compared to patients with < 12 lymph nodes removed, there was a statistically significant higher overall survival (< 66: HR: 0.858 (95% CI, 0.789–0.933); 66–75: HR: 0.763 (95% CI, 0.714–0.814); > 75: HR: 0.734 (95% CI, 0.700–0.771)) and relative survival (< 66: RER: 0.783 (95% CI, 0.708–0.865); 66–75: RER: 0.672 (95% CI, 0.611–0.739); > 75: RER: 0.621 (95% CI, 0.567–0.681)) in all three age groups. Conclusions The removal of ≥ 12 lymph nodes is associated with an improvement in both overall and relative survival in all patients. This association was stronger in the elderly patient. The biology of this association needs further clarification.
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van Eechoud I, Grypdonck M, Leman J, Van Den Noortgate N, Deveugele M, Verhaeghe S. Balancing truth-telling: relatives acting as translators for older adult cancer patients of Turkish or northwest African origin in Belgium. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2016; 26. [DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. van Eechoud
- Department of Social Work and Diversity & Intercultural Mediation of the University Hospital Ghent; Ghent Belgium
- Department of Public Health; University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - M. Grypdonck
- Department of Public Health; University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - J. Leman
- Department of Social Sciences; KULeuven; Leuven Belgium
| | | | - M. Deveugele
- Department of Family Practice and Primary Health Care; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - S. Verhaeghe
- Department of Public Health; University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
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Red meat consumption is associated with an increased overall cancer risk: a prospective cohort study in Korea. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:238-47. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514000683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death, and the dietary pattern in Korea is changing rapidly from a traditional Korean diet to a Westernised diet. In the present study, we investigated the effects of dietary factors on cancer risk with a prospective cohort study. Among 26 815 individuals who participated in cancer screening examinations from September 2004 to December 2008, 8024 subjects who completed a self-administered questionnaire concerning demographic and lifestyle factors, and a 3 d food record were selected. As of September 2013, 387 cancer cases were identified from the National Cancer Registry System, and the remaining individuals were included in the control group. The hazard ratio (HR) of cancer for the subjects older than or equal to 50 years of age was higher (HR 1·80, 95 % CI 1·41, 2·31; P< 0·0001) than that for the other subjects. Red meat consumption, Na intake and obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were positively associated with overall cancer incidence in men (HR 1·41, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·94; P= 0·0382), gastric cancer (HR 2·34, 95 % CI 1·06, 5·19; P= 0·0365) and thyroid cancer (HR 1·56, 95 % CI 1·05, 2·31; P= 0·0270), respectively. Participants who had at least three dietary risk factors among the high intakes of red meat and Na, low intakes of vegetables and fruits, and obesity suggested by the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research at baseline tended to have a higher risk of cancer than the others (HR 1·26, 95 % CI 0·99, 1·60; P= 0·0653). In summary, high intakes of red meat and Na were significant risk factors of cancer among Koreans.
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Van Lancker A, Velghe A, Van Hecke A, Verbrugghe M, Van Den Noortgate N, Grypdonck M, Verhaeghe S, Bekkering G, Beeckman D. Prevalence of symptoms in older cancer patients receiving palliative care: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pain Symptom Manage 2014; 47:90-104. [PMID: 23764109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Symptom control is an essential part of palliative care and important to achieve optimal quality of life. Studies showed that patients with all types of advanced cancer suffer from diverse and often severe symptoms. Research focusing on older persons is scarce because this group is often excluded from studies. Consequently, it is unclear which symptoms older palliative care patients with cancer experience and what is the prevalence of these symptoms. To date, no systematic review has been performed on the prevalence of symptoms in older cancer patients receiving palliative care. OBJECTIVES The objective of this systematic review was to search and synthesize the prevalence figures of symptoms in older palliative care patients with cancer. METHODS A systematic search through multiple databases and other sources was conducted from 2002 until April 2012. The methodological quality was evaluated. All steps were performed by two independent reviewers. A meta-analysis was performed to pool the prevalence of symptoms. RESULTS Seventeen studies were included in this systematic review. Thirty-two symptoms were identified. The prevalence of these symptoms ranged from 3.5% to 77.8%. The most prevalent symptoms were fatigue, excretory symptoms, urinary incontinence, asthenia, pain, constipation, and anxiety and occurred in at least 50% of patients. CONCLUSION There is a high degree of uncertainty about the reported symptom prevalence because of small sample sizes, high heterogeneity among studies, and the extent of instrument validation. Research based on rigorous methods is needed to allow more conclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Van Lancker
- Nursing Science, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Anja Velghe
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Hecke
- Nursing Science, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Nursing Science, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Verbrugghe
- Nursing Science, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Mieke Grypdonck
- Nursing Science, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Verhaeghe
- Nursing Science, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geertruida Bekkering
- Belgian Interuniversity Collaboration of Evidence-Based Medicine (BICEP), Belgian Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Beeckman
- Nursing Science, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Prevention of neuromusculoskeletal frailty in slow-aging ames dwarf mice: longitudinal investigation of interaction of longevity genes and caloric restriction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72255. [PMID: 24155868 PMCID: PMC3796515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ames dwarf (Prop1df/df) mice are remarkably long-lived and exhibit many characteristics of delayed aging and extended healthspan. Caloric restriction (CR) has similar effects on healthspan and lifespan, and causes an extension of longevity in Ames dwarf mice. Our study objective was to determine whether Ames dwarfism or CR influence neuromusculoskeletal function in middle-aged (82 ± 12 weeks old) or old (128 ± 14 w.o.) mice. At the examined ages, strength was improved by dwarfism, CR, and dwarfism plus CR in male mice; balance/ motor coordination was improved by CR in old animals and in middle-aged females; and agility/ motor coordination was improved by a combination of dwarfism and CR in both genders of middle-aged mice and in old females. Therefore, extension of longevity by congenital hypopituitarism is associated with improved maintenance of the examined measures of strength, agility, and motor coordination, key elements of frailty during human aging, into advanced age. This study serves as a particularly important example of knowledge related to addressing aging-associated diseases and disorders that results from studies in long-lived mammals.
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Pallis AG, Hatse S, Brouwers B, Pawelec G, Falandry C, Wedding U, Lago LD, Repetto L, Ring A, Wildiers H. Evaluating the physiological reserves of older patients with cancer: the value of potential biomarkers of aging? J Geriatr Oncol 2013; 5:204-18. [PMID: 24495695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging of an individual entails a progressive decline of functional reserves and loss of homeostasis that eventually lead to mortality. This process is highly individualized and is influenced by multiple genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. This individualization and the diversity of factors influencing aging result in a significant heterogeneity among people with the same chronological age, representing a major challenge in daily oncology practice. Thus, many factors other than mere chronological age will contribute to treatment tolerance and outcome in the older patients with cancer. Clinical/comprehensive geriatric assessment can provide information on the general health status of individuals, but is far from perfect as a prognostic/predictive tool for individual patients. On the other hand, aging can also be assessed in terms of biological changes in certain tissues like the blood compartment which result from adaptive alterations due to past history of exposures, as well as intrinsic aging processes. There are major signs of 'aging' in lymphocytes (e.g. lymphocyte subset distribution, telomere length, p16INK4A expression), and also in (inflammatory) cytokine expression and gene expression patterns. These result from a combination of the above two processes, overlaying genetic predispositions which contribute significantly to the aging phenotype. These potential "aging biomarkers" might provide additional prognostic/predictive information supplementing clinical evaluation. The purpose of the current paper is to describe the most relevant potential "aging biomarkers" (markers that indicate the biological functional age of patients) which focus on the biological background, the (limited) available clinical data, and technical challenges. Despite their great potential interest, there is a need for much more (validated) clinical data before these biomarkers could be used in a routine clinical setting. This manuscript tries to provide a guideline on how these markers can be integrated in future research aimed at providing such data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios G Pallis
- European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Elderly Task Force, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sigrid Hatse
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LEO), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, and Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barbara Brouwers
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LEO), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, and Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Center for Medical Research, ZMF, University of Tübingen Medical School, Waldhörnlestr. 22, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claire Falandry
- Geriatrics Unit, Lyon Sud University Hospital, Pierre-Benite, France; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, Lyon Sud Medicine Faculty, Lyon University, Lyon, France
| | - Ulrich Wedding
- Jena University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Lissandra Dal Lago
- Medicine Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Lazzaro Repetto
- Dipartimento Oncologia, Ospedale di Sanremo, Via G Borea, 56, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
| | | | - Hans Wildiers
- European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Elderly Task Force, Brussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LEO), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, and Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
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Beheshti A, Sachs RK, Peluso M, Rietman E, Hahnfeldt P, Hlatky L. Age and space irradiation modulate tumor progression: implications for carcinogenesis risk. Radiat Res 2013; 179:208-20. [PMID: 23289386 DOI: 10.1667/rr3100.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Age plays a major role in tumor incidence and is an important consideration when modeling the carcinogenesis process or estimating cancer risks. Epidemiological data show that from adolescence through middle age, cancer incidence increases with age. This effect is commonly attributed to a lifetime accumulation of cellular, particularly DNA, damage. However, during middle age the incidence begins to decelerate and, for many tumor sites, it actually decreases at sufficiently advanced ages. We investigated if the observed deceleration and potential decrease in incidence could be attributed to a decreased capacity of older hosts to support tumor progression, and whether HZE [high atomic number (Z), high energy (E)] radiation differentially modulates tumor progression in young vs. middle-age hosts, issues that are relevant to estimating carcinogenesis risk for astronauts. Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells were injected into syngeneic mice (143 and 551 days old), which were then subject to whole-body (56)Fe irradiation (1 GeV/amu). Three findings emerged: (1) among unirradiated animals, substantial inhibition of tumor progression and significantly decreased tumor growth rates were seen for middle-aged mice compared to young mice, (2) whole-body (56)Fe irradiation inhibited tumor progression in both young and middle-aged mice (with greater suppression seen in case of young animals), with little effect on tumor growth rates, and (3) (56)Fe irradiation suppressed tumor progression in young mice to a degree that was not significantly different than transiting from young to middle-aged. Thus, (56)Fe irradiation acted similar to aging with respect to tumor progression. We further investigated the molecular underpinnings driving the radiation modulation of tumor dynamics in young and middle-aged mice. Through global gene expression analysis, the key players, FASN, AKT1 and the CXCL12/CXCR4 complex, were determined to be contributory. In sum, these findings demonstrated a reduced capacity of middle-aged hosts to support the progression phase of carcinogenesis and identify molecular factors that contribute to HZE radiation modulation of tumor progression as a function of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Beheshti
- Center of Cancer Systems Biology, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02135, USA
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Fu L, Kettner NM. The circadian clock in cancer development and therapy. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2013; 119:221-82. [PMID: 23899600 PMCID: PMC4103166 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396971-2.00009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most aspects of mammalian function display circadian rhythms driven by an endogenous clock. The circadian clock is operated by genes and comprises a central clock in the brain that responds to environmental cues and controls subordinate clocks in peripheral tissues via circadian output pathways. The central and peripheral clocks coordinately generate rhythmic gene expression in a tissue-specific manner in vivo to couple diverse physiological and behavioral processes to periodic changes in the environment. However, with the industrialization of the world, activities that disrupt endogenous homeostasis with external circadian cues have increased. This change in lifestyle has been linked to an increased risk of diseases in all aspects of human health, including cancer. Studies in humans and animal models have revealed that cancer development in vivo is closely associated with the loss of circadian homeostasis in energy balance, immune function, and aging, which are supported by cellular functions important for tumor suppression including cell proliferation, senescence, metabolism, and DNA damage response. The clock controls these cellular functions both locally in cells of peripheral tissues and at the organismal level via extracellular signaling. Thus, the hierarchical mammalian circadian clock provides a unique system to study carcinogenesis as a deregulated physiological process in vivo. The asynchrony between host and malignant tissues in cell proliferation and metabolism also provides new and exciting options for novel anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loning Fu
- Department of Pediatrics/U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service/Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicole M. Kettner
- Department of Pediatrics/U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service/Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Berstein LM. Metformin in obesity, cancer and aging: addressing controversies. Aging (Albany NY) 2012; 4:320-9. [PMID: 22589237 PMCID: PMC3384433 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metformin, an oral anti-diabetic drug, is being considered increasingly for treatment and prevention of cancer, obesity as well as for the extension of healthy lifespan. Gradually accumulating discrepancies about its effect on cancer and obesity can be explained by the shortage of randomized clinical trials, differences between control groups (reference points), gender- and age-associated effects and pharmacogenetic factors. Studies of the potential antiaging effects of antidiabetic biguanides, such as metformin, are still experimental for obvious reasons and their results are currently ambiguous. Here we discuss whether the discrepancies in different studies are merely methodological or inherently related to individual differences in responsiveness to the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev M Berstein
- Laboratory of Oncoendocrinology, N.N.Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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35
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Reference intervals for serum alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen in Chinese Han ethnic males from the Fangchenggang Area Male Health and Examination Survey. Int J Biol Markers 2011; 26:65-71. [PMID: 21337313 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.2011.6364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We calculated upper 95% reference limits for serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) according to the CLSI/NCCLS C28-A3 guideline. MATERIAL AND METHODS Serum samples from 1400 healthy male subjects were collected from the Fangchenggang Area Male Health and Examination Survey (FAMHES). Serum AFP and CEA values were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay on COBAS 6000 system E601 (Elecsys module) immunoassay analyzers. RESULTS Serum AFP and CEA values were not normally distributed but log normally distributed. The upper 95% reference limits of the reference intervals were ≤ 4.76 IU/mL (nonparametric) or ≤ 4.56 IU/mL (parametric) for AFP and ≤ 5.57 ng/mL (nonparametric) or ≤ 5.82 ng/mL (parametric) for CEA. The distribution of AFP levels was found to be consistent between the non-smoking and smoking (p=0.740) and non-drinking and drinking groups (p=0.698). The distribution of serum CEA levels was significantly higher in the smoking than the non-smoking group (p<10⁵), whereas there was no significant difference in this respect between the non-drinking and drinking groups (p=0.147). A significant increase with age was found both for serum AFP and CEA levels, and the age-dependent reference intervals were calculated. CONCLUSIONS The reference intervals for serum AFP and CEA show a slight deviation compared to previously reported reference levels. Distinct reference intervals of serum CEA must be established for smoking and non-smoking populations. In addition, age-dependent reference intervals should be implemented in clinical laboratories.
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Anisimov VN, Khavinson VK, Mikhailova ON. Biogerontology in Russia: from past to future. Biogerontology 2010; 12:47-60. [PMID: 21053075 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-010-9307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents major steps of gerontology development in Russia. The issues of training in gerontology and geriatrics, institutional infrastructure within the Gerontological Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences and its activities have been considered therein. Some results of Russian researchers obtained during 2005-2010 have been summarized as well. Special attention is given to the prospects of gerontology in Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Anisimov
- Gerontological Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Abstract
Age-associated changes within an individual are inherently complex and occur at multiple levels of organismal function. The overall decline in function of various tissues is known to play a key role in both aging and the complex etiology of certain age-associated diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer. Continuing research highlights the dynamic capacity of polyphenols to protect against age-associated disorders through a variety of important mechanisms. Numerous lines of evidence suggest that dietary polyphenols such as resveratrol, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and curcumin have the capacity to mitigate age-associated cellular damage induced via metabolic production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, recently acquired evidence also demonstrates a likely role for these polyphenols as anticancer agents capable of preventing formation of new vasculature in neoplastic tissues. Polyphenols have also been shown to possess other anticancer properties such as specific cell-signaling actions that may stimulate the activity of the regulatory protein SIRT1. Additionally, polyphenolic compounds have demonstrated their inhibitory effects against chronic vascular inflammation associated with atherosclerosis. These increasingly well-documented results have begun to provide a basis for considering the use of polyphenols in the development of novel therapies for certain human diseases. And while the mechanisms by which these effects occur are yet to be fully understood, it is evident that further investigation may yield a potential use for polyphenols as pharmacological interventions against specific age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brannon L Queen
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Vogt G. Suitability of the clonal marbled crayfish for biogerontological research: a review and perspective, with remarks on some further crustaceans. Biogerontology 2010; 11:643-69. [PMID: 20582627 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-010-9291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This article examines the suitability of the parthenogenetic marbled crayfish for research on ageing and longevity. The marbled crayfish is an emerging laboratory model for development, epigenetics and toxicology that produces up to 400 genetically identical siblings per batch. It is easily cultured, has an adult size of 4-9 cm, a generation time of 6-7 months and a life span of 2-3 years. Experimental data and biological peculiarities like isogenicity, direct development, indeterminate growth, high regeneration capacity and negligible senescence suggest that the marbled crayfish is particularly suitable to investigate the dependency of ageing and longevity from non-genetic factors such as stochastic developmental variation, allocation of metabolic resources, damage and repair, caloric restriction and social stress. It is also well applicable to examine alterations of the epigenetic code with increasing age and to identify mechanisms that keep stem cells active until old age. As a representative of the sparsely investigated crustaceans and of animals with indeterminate growth and extended brood care the marbled crayfish may even contribute to evolutionary theories of ageing and longevity. Some relatives are recommended as substitutes for investigation of topics, for which the marbled crayfish is less suitable like genetics of ageing and achievement of life spans of decades under conditions of low food and low temperature. Research on ageing in the marbled crayfish and its relatives is of practical relevance for crustacean fisheries and aquaculture and may offer starting points for the development of novel anti-ageing interventions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Vogt
- Department of Zoology, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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