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da Silva LSL, de Freitas Batalhão D, dos Santos Carvalho A, Bohn L, Ramos NC, Abdalla PP. Nutritional status, health risk behaviors, and eating habits are correlated with physical activity and exercise of brazilian older hypertensive adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2382. [PMID: 36536331 PMCID: PMC9762644 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional status, health risk behaviors, eating habits, and other comorbidities (such as diabetes) may be associated with recommended amounts of physical activity (PA) and exercise (EX) in healthy older adults. However, these associations are still unclear for older hypertensive adults, who require greater care from health professionals. The purpose of this study was to associate the nutritional status, health risk behaviors, eating habits, and the presence of diabetes with recommended amounts of physical activity and exercise practice of older hypertensive adults. METHODS Ten thousand seven hundred eighty-nine older hypertensive adults (70.9 ± 7.4 years) from the VIGITEL telephone survey were classified according to PA levels (insufficiently active/sufficiently active) and EX practice (non-practitioners/practitioners). Binary logistic regression was used to observe the odds ratio (OR) between independent variables (nutritional status [body mass index], sociodemographic characteristics [age/sex/years of study], risk behaviors [screen time/alcohol/tobacco consumption], eating habits [minimally/ultra-processed foods consumption score], and the presence of diabetes) with recommended amounts of PA/EX (dependent variable). RESULTS Highest nutritional status (ORPA = 0.975 [95%-CI: 0.965 - 0.985]; OREX = 0.981[95%-CI: 0.972 - 0.991]), age (ORPA = 0.955 [95%-CI: 0.949 - 0.961]; OREX = 0.980[95%-CI: 0.975 - 0.986]), screen time (ORPA = 0.909[95%-CI: 0.835 - 0.990]), alcohol consumption (ORPA = 0.683[95%-CI: 0.621 - 0.758]; OREX = 0.702[95%-CI: 0.637 - 0.779]), tobacco (ORPA = 0.601 [95%-CI: 0.492 - 0.736]; OREX = 0.464[95%-CI: 0.384 - 0.562]) ultra-processed foods consumption score (ORPA = 0.896[95%-CI: 0.871 - 0.921]; OREX = 0.886[95%-CI: 0.863 - 0.909]) and having diabetes (ORPA = 0.780[95%-CI: 0.708 - 0.859]; OREX = 0.831[95%-CI: 0.759 - 0.909]) reduced the odds of being sufficiently active/practicing exercise (p < 0.05). Male sex (ORPA = 1.633[95%-CI: 1.491 - 1.789]; OREX = 1.247[95%-CI: 1.140 - 1.363]), years of study (ORPA = 1.026[95%-CI: 1.018 - 1.035]; OREX = 1.050[95%-CI: 1.041 - 1.058]), and minimally processed foods consumption score increased the odds of being sufficiently active/practicing exercise (ORPA = 1.132[95%-CI: 1.109 - 1.155]; OREX = 1.167[95%-CI: 1.145 - 1.191], respectively; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Nutritional status, health risk behaviors, eating habits, and the presence of diabetes were associated with the odds of older hypertensive adults complying with PA and EX recommendations. The results may help health professionals understand how these factors are associated with the changes of older hypertensive adults participating in physical activity and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Santos Lopes da Silva
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue nº 3900, University Campus - Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto-SP, 14030-680 Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniel de Freitas Batalhão
- grid.412401.20000 0000 8645 7167Physical Education Department, Paulista University, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Anderson dos Santos Carvalho
- grid.412401.20000 0000 8645 7167Physical Education Department, Paulista University, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Lucimere Bohn
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Faculty of Sports (FADEUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Research Center for Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal ,grid.164242.70000 0000 8484 6281Faculdade de Psicologia, Educação e Desporto, University Lusófona of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nilo César Ramos
- grid.254313.20000 0000 8738 9661Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC USA
| | - Pedro Pugliesi Abdalla
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Rea JNM, Broczek KM, Cevenini E, Celani L, Rea SAJ, Sikora E, Franceschi C, Fortunati V, Rea IM. Insights Into Sibling Relationships and Longevity From Genetics of Healthy Ageing Nonagenarians: The Importance of Optimisation, Resilience and Social Networks. Front Psychol 2022; 13:722286. [PMID: 35602748 PMCID: PMC9121911 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.722286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how to “Age Longer and Age Well” is a priority for people personally, for populations and for government policy. Approximately ten percent of nonagenarians reach 90 years and beyond in good condition and seem to have a combination of both age-span and health-span. However, the factors which contribute to human longevity remain challenging. Culture is a shared system of learning ideas, feelings, and survival strategies. It has a strong influence on each person’s psychological development, behavior, values and beliefs. Nonagenarians have rich life experiences that can teach us much about aging well; they are rich reservoirs of genetic, lifestyle and psychological information which can help understanding about how to live longer and better. Sibling or trio nonagenarians are important sources of family beliefs and behaviors upon which individual personalities may have been built. Their personal family histories and narratives are powerful tools that help to determine familial traits, beliefs and social behaviors which may help establish factors important in the siblings’ longevity. Using purposefully selected subjects, recruited to the Genetics of Healthy Ageing (GeHA) project in four European countries, this research used the simple life story and qualitative research methods to analyze contrasting and distinctive questions about the interface between the psychological and social worlds as presented in the nonagenarian siblings’ insights about their longevity. Their stories aimed to give better understanding about which psychological aspects of their common life journey and the degree of emotional support in their sibling relationships may have supported their paths to longevity. The most universal finding in each of the four European countries was that nonagenarians demonstrated high positivity, resilience and coping skills and were supported in social networks. Around this theme, nonagenarians reported “being happy,” “always cheerful,” “never melancholy” and having a contentment with a “rich life” and family relationships which fits with accumulating evidence that life satisfaction comes from a perceived self-efficacy and optimism. Most sibling relationships in this study, when analyzed according to the Gold classification, fit the “congenial” or “loyal” relationship type – demonstrating a healthy respect for the others’ opinion without overt dependence, which may help individual coping and survival mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Nicola M. Rea
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elisa Cevenini
- CIG-Interdepartmental Centre ‘L. Galvani’, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Celani
- CIG-Interdepartmental Centre ‘L. Galvani’, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Ewa Sikora
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- CIG-Interdepartmental Centre ‘L. Galvani’, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vita Fortunati
- CIG-Interdepartmental Centre ‘L. Galvani’, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Maeve Rea
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Irene Maeve Rea,
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Pancani S, Lombardi G, Sofi F, Gori AM, Boni R, Castagnoli C, Paperini A, Pasquini G, Vannetti F, Molino Lova R, Macchi C, Cecchi F. Predictors of Mortality in 433 Nonagenarians Inside the Mugello Study: A 10 Years Follow-Up Study. J Aging Health 2022; 34:1071-1080. [PMID: 35499248 DOI: 10.1177/08982643221091653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to identify the predictors of mortality in a cohort of nonagenarians inside the "Mugello study" after 10 years follow-up. METHODS Information on sociodemographic data, cognitive and functional status, lifestyle, medical history, and drug use was collected from 433 non-selected participants aged 90-99 years, living in the Mugello area (Italy). Participants were followed over 10 years and their dates of death were retrieved from the municipal registers. Cox regression analysis was used to determine significant potential prognostic factors. RESULTS The mortality rate was 96.5%. Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that a lower cognitive status was significantly associated with higher mortality as well as a poorer functional status, a higher comorbidity, and a higher number of drugs consumption. DISCUSSION Impaired cognitive function, loss of functional independence, higher comorbidity, and higher drugs intake were the stronger predictors of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francesco Sofi
- 9360IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 9300University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Gori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 9300University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Atherothrombotic Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Boni
- 9360IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudio Macchi
- 9360IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 9300University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Cecchi
- 9360IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 9300University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Di Zazzo A, Coassin M, Surico PL, Bonini S. Age-related ocular surface failure: A narrative review. Exp Eye Res 2022; 219:109035. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Soliman AM, Das S, Mahakkanukrauh P. Inflammatory Molecular Mediators and Pathways Involved in Vascular Aging and Stroke: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:5522-5542. [PMID: 34488579 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210901122359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases with aging and it is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The main cardiovascular pathologies include atherosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, hypertension and stroke. Chronic inflammation is one of the significant contributors to the age-related vascular diseases. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of the persistent inflammatory conditions occurring in the blood vessels as well as the signaling pathways involved. Herein, we performed an extant search of literature involving PubMed, ISI, WoS and Scopus databases for retrieving all relevant articles with the most recent findings illustrating the potential role of various inflammatory mediators along with their proposed activated pathways in the pathogenesis and progression of vascular aging. We also highlight the major pathways contributing to age-related vascular disorders. The outlined molecular mechanisms, pathways and mediators of vascular aging represent potential drug targets that can be utilized to inhibit and/or slow the pathogenesis and progression of vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro M Soliman
- Department of Biological Sciences-Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3. Canada
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human & Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.C. 123, Al Khoud, Muscat. Oman
| | - Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh
- Department of Anatomy & Excellence center of Osteology Research and Training, Cadaveric Surgical and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200. Thailand
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Miller HA, Dean ES, Pletcher SD, Leiser SF. Cell non-autonomous regulation of health and longevity. eLife 2020; 9:62659. [PMID: 33300870 PMCID: PMC7728442 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As the demographics of the modern world skew older, understanding and mitigating the effects of aging is increasingly important within biomedical research. Recent studies in model organisms demonstrate that the aging process is frequently modified by an organism’s ability to perceive and respond to changes in its environment. Many well-studied pathways that influence aging involve sensory cells, frequently neurons, that signal to peripheral tissues and promote survival during the presence of stress. Importantly, this activation of stress response pathways is often sufficient to improve health and longevity even in the absence of stress. Here, we review the current landscape of research highlighting the importance of cell non-autonomous signaling in modulating aging from C. elegans to mammals. We also discuss emerging concepts including retrograde signaling, approaches to mapping these networks, and development of potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary A Miller
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Elizabeth S Dean
- Molecular & Integrative Physiology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Scott D Pletcher
- Molecular & Integrative Physiology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Scott F Leiser
- Molecular & Integrative Physiology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
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7
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Molino Lova R, Vassalle C, Masini E, Del Ry S, Cabiati M, Pasquini G, Macchi C. Relationship between inflammatory parameters and cardiovascular and lifestyle factors in the Mugello study oldest old. Biomark Med 2018; 12:1115-1124. [PMID: 30203672 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore possible inter-relationships of various biomarkers of inflammation and lifestyle and other cardiovascular risk factors (age, gender, smoking history, hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, alteration of circadian rhythms, body mass index, calf circumference, thigh circumference, abdominal circumference) in the Mugello study oldest old. METHODS In 399 noninstitutionalized nonagenarians (291 women), whole blood cells, mean platelet volume, C-reactive protein, uric acid, gamma-glutamyl transferase were assessed. RESULTS Aging resulted as the only independent determinant for uric acid (<0.05), and abdominal circumference for C-reactive protein. Female gender (<0.01), and thigh circumference (<0.05) remained as determinants for mean platelet volume, age (<0.01), and male gender (<0.01) for gamma-glutamyl transferase, and Type 2 diabetes (≤0.01) and alteration of circadian rhythms (<0.05) for whole blood cells. CONCLUSION Several inflammatory parameters remain associated with adverse lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors even among nonagenarians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Silvia Del Ry
- Italian National Research Council, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Pisa, Italy
| | - Manuela Cabiati
- Italian National Research Council, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Pisa, Italy
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8
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Rea IM, Gibson DS, McGilligan V, McNerlan SE, Alexander HD, Ross OA. Age and Age-Related Diseases: Role of Inflammation Triggers and Cytokines. Front Immunol 2018; 9:586. [PMID: 29686666 PMCID: PMC5900450 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 677] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine dysregulation is believed to play a key role in the remodeling of the immune system at older age, with evidence pointing to an inability to fine-control systemic inflammation, which seems to be a marker of unsuccessful aging. This reshaping of cytokine expression pattern, with a progressive tendency toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype has been called "inflamm-aging." Despite research there is no clear understanding about the causes of "inflamm-aging" that underpin most major age-related diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and aging itself. While inflammation is part of the normal repair response for healing, and essential in keeping us safe from bacterial and viral infections and noxious environmental agents, not all inflammation is good. When inflammation becomes prolonged and persists, it can become damaging and destructive. Several common molecular pathways have been identified that are associated with both aging and low-grade inflammation. The age-related change in redox balance, the increase in age-related senescent cells, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and the decline in effective autophagy that can trigger the inflammasome, suggest that it may be possible to delay age-related diseases and aging itself by suppressing pro-inflammatory molecular mechanisms or improving the timely resolution of inflammation. Conversely there may be learning from molecular or genetic pathways from long-lived cohorts who exemplify good quality aging. Here, we will discuss some of the current ideas and highlight molecular pathways that appear to contribute to the immune imbalance and the cytokine dysregulation, which is associated with "inflammageing" or parainflammation. Evidence of these findings will be drawn from research in cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurological inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Maeve Rea
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, United Kingdom
- Care of Elderly Medicine, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - David S. Gibson
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria McGilligan
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E. McNerlan
- Regional Genetics Service, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - H. Denis Alexander
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Owen A. Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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9
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Häsler R, Venkatesh G, Tan Q, Flachsbart F, Sinha A, Rosenstiel P, Lieb W, Schreiber S, Christensen K, Christiansen L, Nebel A. Genetic interplay between human longevity and metabolic pathways - a large-scale eQTL study. Aging Cell 2017; 16:716-725. [PMID: 28421666 PMCID: PMC5506416 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human longevity is a complex phenotype influenced by genetic and environmental components. Unraveling the contribution of genetic vs. nongenetic factors to longevity is a challenging task. Here, we conducted a large‐scale RNA‐sequencing‐based expression quantitative trait loci study (eQTL) with subsequent heritability analysis. The investigation was performed on blood samples from 244 individuals from Germany and Denmark, representing various age groups including long‐lived subjects up to the age of 104 years. Our eQTL‐based approach revealed for the first time that human longevity is associated with a depletion of metabolic pathways in a genotype‐dependent and independent manner. Further analyses indicated that 20% of the differentially expressed genes are influenced by genetic variants in cis. The subsequent study of twins showed that the transcriptional activity of a third of the differentially regulated genes is heritable. These findings suggest that longevity‐associated biological processes such as altered metabolism are, to a certain extent, also the driving force of longevity rather than just a consequence of old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Häsler
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology; Kiel University; 24105 Kiel Germany
| | - Geetha Venkatesh
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology; Kiel University; 24105 Kiel Germany
| | - Qihua Tan
- The Danish Twin Registry; Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography; University of Southern Denmark; 5000 Odense Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Odense University Hospital; 5000 Odense Denmark
| | | | - Anupam Sinha
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology; Kiel University; 24105 Kiel Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology; Kiel University; 24105 Kiel Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology; Kiel University; 24105 Kiel Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology; Kiel University; 24105 Kiel Germany
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Twin Registry; Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography; University of Southern Denmark; 5000 Odense Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Odense University Hospital; 5000 Odense Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology; Odense University Hospital; 5000 Odense Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Twin Registry; Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography; University of Southern Denmark; 5000 Odense Denmark
| | - Almut Nebel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology; Kiel University; 24105 Kiel Germany
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Abstract
More and more people are living into the 90s or becoming centenarians. But, the gift of increased ‘age span’ seldom equates with an improved ‘health-span’. Governments across the world are expressing concern about the epidemic of chronic disease, and have responded by initiating policies that make prevention, reduction and treatment of chronic disease, a public health priority. But understanding, how to age long and well, with the avoidance of chronic disease and later life complex disease morbidity is challenging. While inherited genes have an undoubted role to play in the chance of maintaining good health or conversely a predilection to developing disease and chronic ill health, there is increasing evidence that behavioural and environmental life-style choices may contribute up to 50% of the variability of human lifespan. Physical exercise is readily available to everyone, and is a simple cheap and effective form of life-style intervention. Exercise appears to help maintain good health and to reduce the risk of developing chronic disease and ill health. Evidence suggests that physical activity improves well-being across many health domains through out life, continues to offer important health benefits in older age groups and tracks with a ‘healthy ageing’ profile. Although many of the molecular pathways remain to be fully identified, here we discuss how physical activity and exercise is understood to produce changes in the human epigenome, which have the potential to enhance cognitive and psychological health, improve muscular fitness, and lead to better ageing with improved quality of life in older age.
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11
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Rea IM, Dellet M, Mills KI. Living long and ageing well: is epigenomics the missing link between nature and nurture? Biogerontology 2015; 17:33-54. [PMID: 26133292 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human longevity is a complex trait and increasingly we understand that both genes and lifestyle interact in the longevity phenotype. Non-genetic factors, including diet, physical activity, health habits, and psychosocial factors contribute approximately 50% of the variability in human lifespan with another 25% explained by genetic differences. Family clusters of nonagenarian and centenarian siblings, who show both exceptional age-span and health-span, are likely to have inherited facilitatory gene groups, but also have nine decades of life experiences and behaviours which have interacted with their genetic profiles. Identification of their shared genes is just one small step in the link from genes to their physical and psychological profiles. Behavioural genomics is beginning to demonstrate links to biological mechanisms through regulation of gene expression, which directs the proteome and influences the personal phenotype. Epigenetics has been considered the missing link between nature and nurture. Although there is much that remains to be discovered, this article will discuss some of genetic and environmental factors which appear important in good quality longevity and link known epigenetic mechanisms to themes identified by nonagenarians themselves related to their longevity. Here we suggest that exceptional 90-year old siblings have adopted a range of behaviours and life-styles which have contributed to their ageing-well-phenotype and which link with important public health messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Maeve Rea
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Margaret Dellet
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.,Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast , Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ken I Mills
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.,Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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