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Tian Y, Lautrup S, Law PWN, Dinh ND, Fang EF, Chan WY. WRN loss accelerates abnormal adipocyte metabolism in Werner syndrome. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:7. [PMID: 38184705 PMCID: PMC10770995 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction is one of the main symptoms of Werner syndrome (WS); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report that loss of WRN accelerates adipogenesis at an early stage both in vitro (stem cells) and in vivo (zebrafish). Moreover, WRN depletion causes a transient upregulation of late-stage of adipocyte-specific genes at an early stage. METHODS In an in vivo study, we generated wrn-/- mutant zebrafish and performed histological stain and Oil Red O staining to assess the fat metabolism. In an in vitro study, we used RNA-seq and ATAC-seq to profile the transcriptional features and chromatin accessibility in WRN depleted adipocytes. Moreover, we performed ChIP-seq to further study the regulatory mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction in WS. RESULTS Our findings show that mechanistically WRN deficiency causes SMARCA5 upregulation. SMARCA5 is crucial in chromatin remodeling and gene regulation. Additionally, rescuing WRN could normalize SMARCA5 expression and adipocyte differentiation. Moreover, we find that nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation restores adipocyte metabolism in both stem cells and zebrafish models. CONCLUSIONS Our findings unravel a new mechanism for the influence of WRN in the early stage of adipogenesis and provide a possible treatment for metabolic dysfunction in WS. These data provide promising insights into potential therapeutics for ageing and ageing-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Tian
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sofie Lautrup
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Patrick Wai Nok Law
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ngoc-Duy Dinh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Evandro Fei Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Wai-Yee Chan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR.
- Hong Kong Branch CAS Center of Excellence for Animal Evolution and Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR.
- CUHK-SDU University Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (CUHK-Jinan University), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR.
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Picca A, Faitg J, Auwerx J, Ferrucci L, D'Amico D. Mitophagy in human health, ageing and disease. Nat Metab 2023; 5:2047-2061. [PMID: 38036770 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining optimal mitochondrial function is a feature of health. Mitophagy removes and recycles damaged mitochondria and regulates the biogenesis of new, fully functional ones preserving healthy mitochondrial functions and activities. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that impaired mitophagy negatively affects cellular health and contributes to age-related chronic diseases. Strategies to boost mitophagy have been successfully tested in model organisms, and, recently, some have been translated into clinics. In this Review, we describe the basic mechanisms of mitophagy and how mitophagy can be assessed in human blood, the immune system and tissues, including muscle, brain and liver. We outline mitophagy's role in specific diseases and describe mitophagy-activating approaches successfully tested in humans, including exercise and nutritional and pharmacological interventions. We describe how mitophagy is connected to other features of ageing through general mechanisms such as inflammation and oxidative stress and forecast how strengthening research on mitophagy and mitophagy interventions may strongly support human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Julie Faitg
- Amazentis, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Wang Y, Gao T, Wang B. Application of mesenchymal stem cells for anti-senescence and clinical challenges. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:260. [PMID: 37726805 PMCID: PMC10510299 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a hot topic nowadays, which shows the accumulation of senescent cells and inflammatory factors, leading to the occurrence of various senescence-related diseases. Although some methods have been identified to partly delay senescence, such as strengthening exercise, restricting diet, and some drugs, these only slow down the process of senescence and cannot fundamentally delay or even reverse senescence. Stem cell-based therapy is expected to be a potential effective way to alleviate or cure senescence-related disorders in the coming future. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are the most widely used cell type in treating various diseases due to their potentials of self-replication and multidirectional differentiation, paracrine action, and immunoregulatory effects. Some biological characteristics of MSCs can be well targeted at the pathological features of aging. Therefore, MSC-based therapy is also a promising strategy to combat senescence-related diseases. Here we review the recent progresses of MSC-based therapies in the research of age-related diseases and the challenges in clinical application, proving further insight and reference for broad application prospects of MSCs in effectively combating senesce in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyun Gao
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Banarase TA, Sammeta SS, Wankhede NL, Mangrulkar SV, Rahangdale SR, Aglawe MM, Taksande BG, Upaganlawar AB, Umekar MJ, Kale MB. Mitophagy regulation in aging and neurodegenerative disease. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:239-255. [PMID: 37124925 PMCID: PMC10133433 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the primary cellular energy generators, supplying the majority of adenosine triphosphate through oxidative phosphorylation, which is necessary for neuron function and survival. Mitophagy is the metabolic process of eliminating dysfunctional or redundant mitochondria. It is a type of autophagy and it is crucial for maintaining mitochondrial and neuronal health. Impaired mitophagy leads to an accumulation of damaged mitochondria and proteins leading to the dysregulation of mitochondrial quality control processes. Recent research shows the vital role of mitophagy in neurons and the pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative diseases. Mitophagy also plays a major role in the process of aging. This review describes the alterations that are being caused in the mitophagy process at the molecular level in aging and in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also looks at how mitophagy can be exploited as a therapeutic target for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trupti A. Banarase
- Division of Neuroscience, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra India 441002
| | - Shivkumar S. Sammeta
- Division of Neuroscience, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra India 441002
| | - Nitu L. Wankhede
- Division of Neuroscience, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra India 441002
| | - Shubhada V. Mangrulkar
- Division of Neuroscience, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra India 441002
| | - Sandip R. Rahangdale
- Division of Neuroscience, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra India 441002
| | - Manish M. Aglawe
- Division of Neuroscience, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra India 441002
| | - Brijesh G. Taksande
- Division of Neuroscience, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra India 441002
| | - Aman B. Upaganlawar
- SNJB’s Shriman Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad, Nashik, Maharashtra India 423101
| | - Milind J. Umekar
- Division of Neuroscience, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra India 441002
| | - Mayur B. Kale
- Division of Neuroscience, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra India 441002
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WRN promotes bone development and growth by unwinding SHOX-G-quadruplexes via its helicase activity in Werner Syndrome. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5456. [PMID: 36114168 PMCID: PMC9481537 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWerner Syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by premature aging due to mutations of the WRN gene. A classical sign in WS patients is short stature, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here we report that WRN is indispensable for chondrogenesis, which is the engine driving the elongation of bones and determines height. Zebrafish lacking wrn exhibit impairment of bone growth and have shorter body stature. We pinpoint the function of WRN to its helicase domain. We identify short-stature homeobox (SHOX) as a crucial and direct target of WRN and find that the WRN helicase core regulates the transcriptional expression of SHOX via unwinding G-quadruplexes. Consistent with this, shox−/− zebrafish exhibit impaired bone growth, while genetic overexpression of SHOX or shox expression rescues the bone developmental deficiency induced in WRN/wrn-null mutants both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, we have identified a previously unknown function of WRN in regulating bone development and growth through the transcriptional regulation of SHOX via the WRN helicase domain, thus illuminating a possible approach for new therapeutic strategies.
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6
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Gudmundsrud R, Skjånes TH, Gilmour BC, Caponio D, Lautrup S, Fang EF. Crosstalk among DNA Damage, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Impaired Mitophagy, Stem Cell Attrition, and Senescence in the Accelerated Ageing Disorder Werner Syndrome. Cytogenet Genome Res 2021; 161:297-304. [PMID: 34433164 DOI: 10.1159/000516386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is an accelerated ageing disease caused by multiple mutations in the gene encoding the Werner DNA helicase (WRN). The major clinical features of WS include wrinkles, grey hair, osteoporosis, and metabolic phenomena such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and fatty liver, and resemble those seen in normal ageing, but occur earlier, in middle age. Defective DNA repair resulting from mutations in WRN explain the majority of the clinical features of WS, but the underlying mechanisms driving the larger metabolic dysfunction remain elusive. Recent studies in animal models of WS and in WS patient cells and blood samples suggest the involvement of impaired mitophagy, NAD+ depletion, and accumulation of damaged mitochondria in metabolic dysfunction. This mini-review summarizes recent progress in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction in WS, with the involvement of DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy reduction, stem cell impairment, and senescence. Future studies on NAD+ and mitophagy may shed light on potential therapeutic strategies for the WS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Gudmundsrud
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Tarjei H Skjånes
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Brian C Gilmour
- The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), Oslo, Norway
| | - Domenica Caponio
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Sofie Lautrup
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Evandro F Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), Oslo, Norway
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7
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Wang H, Lautrup S, Caponio D, Zhang J, Fang EF. DNA Damage-Induced Neurodegeneration in Accelerated Ageing and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136748. [PMID: 34201700 PMCID: PMC8268089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA repair ensures genomic stability to achieve healthy ageing, including cognitive maintenance. Mutations on genes encoding key DNA repair proteins can lead to diseases with accelerated ageing phenotypes. Some of these diseases are xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA, caused by mutation of XPA), Cockayne syndrome group A and group B (CSA, CSB, and are caused by mutations of CSA and CSB, respectively), ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T, caused by mutation of ATM), and Werner syndrome (WS, with most cases caused by mutations in WRN). Except for WS, a common trait of the aforementioned progerias is neurodegeneration. Evidence from studies using animal models and patient tissues suggests that the associated DNA repair deficiencies lead to depletion of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), resulting in impaired mitophagy, accumulation of damaged mitochondria, metabolic derailment, energy deprivation, and finally leading to neuronal dysfunction and loss. Intriguingly, these features are also observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia affecting more than 50 million individuals worldwide. Further studies on the mechanisms of the DNA repair deficient premature ageing diseases will help to unveil the mystery of ageing and may provide novel therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heling Wang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; (H.W.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Sofie Lautrup
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; (H.W.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Domenica Caponio
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; (H.W.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; (H.W.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (J.Z.)
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Evandro F. Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; (H.W.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (J.Z.)
- The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), 0010 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence:
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8
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Fiegle E, Crysandt M, Bouillon AS, Silling G, Elbracht M, Begemann M, Brümmendorf TH, Beier F, Jost E. Successful allogeneic stem cell transplantation of a patient with Werner syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2021; 108:106609. [PMID: 34006384 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2021.106609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Fiegle
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martina Crysandt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Gerda Silling
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Beier
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Edgar Jost
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Abstract
Werner syndrome, also called adult progeria, is a heritable autosomal recessive human disorder characterized by the premature onset of numerous age-related diseases including juvenile cataracts, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Werner syndrome is a segmental progeroid syndrome whose presentation resembles accelerated aging. The most common causes of death for WS patients are atherosclerosis and cancer. A 40-year-old female presented with short stature, bird-like facies, canities with alopecia, scleroderma-like skin changes, and non-healing foot ulcers. The patient reported a history of delayed puberty, abortion, hypertriglyceridemia, and juvenile cataracts. A clinical diagnosis of WS was made and subsequently confirmed. We discovered two WRN gene mutations in the patient, Variant 1 was the most common WRN mutation, nonsense mutation (c.1105C>T:p.R369Ter) in exon 9, which caused a premature termination codon (PTC) at position 369. Variant 2 was a frameshift mutation (c.1134delA:p.E379KfsTer5) in exon 9, which caused a PTC at position 383 and has no published reports describing. Patients with WS can show a wide variety of clinical and biological manifestations in endocrine-metabolic systems (DM, thyroid dysfunction, and hyperlipidemia). Doctors must be cognizant of early manifestations of WS and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Maoguang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Sisi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hanqing Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Michel JB. Phylogenic Determinants of Cardiovascular Frailty, Focus on Hemodynamics and Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:1779-1837. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of the circulatory system from invertebrates to mammals has involved the passage from an open system to a closed in-parallel system via a closed in-series system, accompanying the increasing complexity and efficiency of life’s biological functions. The archaic heart enables pulsatile motion waves of hemolymph in invertebrates, and the in-series circulation in fish occurs with only an endothelium, whereas mural smooth muscle cells appear later. The present review focuses on evolution of the circulatory system. In particular, we address how and why this evolution took place from a closed, flowing, longitudinal conductance at low pressure to a flowing, highly pressurized and bifurcating arterial compartment. However, although arterial pressure was the latest acquired hemodynamic variable, the general teleonomy of the evolution of species is the differentiation of individual organ function, supported by specific fueling allowing and favoring partial metabolic autonomy. This was achieved via the establishment of an active contractile tone in resistance arteries, which permitted the regulation of blood supply to specific organ activities via its localized function-dependent inhibition (active vasodilation). The global resistance to viscous blood flow is the peripheral increase in frictional forces caused by the tonic change in arterial and arteriolar radius, which backscatter as systemic arterial blood pressure. Consequently, the arterial pressure gradient from circulating blood to the adventitial interstitium generates the unidirectional outward radial advective conductance of plasma solutes across the wall of conductance arteries. This hemodynamic evolution was accompanied by important changes in arterial wall structure, supported by smooth muscle cell functional plasticity, including contractility, matrix synthesis and proliferation, endocytosis and phagocytosis, etc. These adaptive phenotypic shifts are due to epigenetic regulation, mainly related to mechanotransduction. These paradigms actively participate in cardio-arterial pathologies such as atheroma, valve disease, heart failure, aneurysms, hypertension, and physiological aging.
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11
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Spermidine inhibits neurodegeneration and delays aging via the PINK1-PDR1-dependent mitophagy pathway in C. elegans. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16852-16866. [PMID: 32902411 PMCID: PMC7521492 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the primary driver of various diseases, including common neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Currently there is no cure for AD and PD, and the development of novel drug candidates is demanding. Spermidine is a small anti-aging molecule with elimination of damaged mitochondria via the process of mitophagy identified as a molecular mechanism of action. Here, we show that spermidine inhibits memory loss in AD worms and improves behavioral performance, e.g., locomotor capacity, in a PD worm model, both via the PINK1-PDR1-dependent mitophagy pathway. Additionally, spermidine delays accelerated aging and improves healthspan in the DNA repair-deficient premature aging Werner syndrome (WS) worm model. While possible intertwined interactions between mitophagy/autophagy induction and DNA repair by spermidine are to be determined, our data support further translation of spermidine as a possible therapeutic intervention for such diseases.
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12
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Tu J, Wan C, Zhang F, Cao L, Law PWN, Tian Y, Lu G, Rennert OM, Chan W, Cheung H. Genetic correction of Werner syndrome gene reveals impaired pro-angiogenic function and HGF insufficiency in mesenchymal stem cells. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13116. [PMID: 32320127 PMCID: PMC7253065 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
WRN mutation causes a premature aging disease called Werner syndrome (WS). However, the mechanism by which WRN loss leads to progeroid features evident with impaired tissue repair and regeneration remains unclear. To determine this mechanism, we performed gene editing in reprogrammed induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from WS fibroblasts. Gene correction restored the expression of WRN. WRN+/+ mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibited improved pro‐angiogenesis. An analysis of paracrine factors revealed that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was downregulated in WRN−/− MSCs. HGF insufficiency resulted in poor angiogenesis and cutaneous wound healing. Furthermore, HGF was partially regulated by PI3K/AKT signaling, which was desensitized in WRN−/− MSCs. Consistently, the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway in WRN+/+ MSC resulted in reduced angiogenesis and poor wound healing. Our findings indicate that the impairment in the pro‐angiogenic function of WS‐MSCs is due to HGF insufficiency and PI3K/AKT dysregulation, suggesting trophic disruption between stromal and epithelial cells as a mechanism for WS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Tu
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Anti‐Inflammatory and Immune Medicine Ministry of Education Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti‐Inflammatory and Immune Medicine Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- CUHK‐SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics School of Biomedical Sciences the Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Chao Wan
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Ministry of Education School of Biomedical Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Fengjie Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Ministry of Education School of Biomedical Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Lianbao Cao
- CUHK‐SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics School of Biomedical Sciences the Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Patrick Wai Nok Law
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yuyao Tian
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- CUHK‐SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics School of Biomedical Sciences the Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Owen M. Rennert
- Division of Intramural Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Wai‐Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- CUHK‐SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics School of Biomedical Sciences the Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Ministry of Education School of Biomedical Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hoi‐Hung Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- CUHK‐SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics School of Biomedical Sciences the Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Ministry of Education School of Biomedical Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
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13
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Gilmour BC, Gudmundsrud R, Frank J, Hov A, Lautrup S, Aman Y, Røsjø H, Brenner C, Ziegler M, Tysnes OB, Tzoulis C, Omland T, Søraas A, Holmøy T, Bergersen LH, Storm-Mathisen J, Nilsen H, Fang EF. Targeting NAD + in translational research to relieve diseases and conditions of metabolic stress and ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 186:111208. [PMID: 31953124 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) plays a fundamental role in life and health through the regulation of energy biogenesis, redox homeostasis, cell metabolism, and the arbitration of cell survival via linkages to apoptosis and autophagic pathways. The importance of NAD+ in ageing and healthy longevity has been revealed from laboratory animal studies and early-stage clinical testing. While basic researchers and clinicians have investigated the molecular mechanisms and translation potential of NAD+, there are still major gaps in applying laboratory science to design the most effective trials. This mini-review was based on the programme and discussions of the 3rd NO-Age Symposium held at the Akershus University Hospital, Norway on the 28th October 2019. This symposium brought together leading basic researchers on NAD+ and clinicians who are leading or are going to perform NAD+ augmentation-related clinical studies. This meeting covered talks about NAD+ synthetic pathways, subcellular homeostasis of NAD+, the benefits of NAD+ augmentation from maternal milk to offspring, current clinical trials of the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) on Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T), Parkinson's disease (PD), post-sepsis fatigue, as well as other potential NR-based clinical trials. Importantly, a consensus is emerging with respect to the design of clinical trials in order to measure meaningful parameters and ensure safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Gilmour
- The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Johannes Frank
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Amund Hov
- The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), Oslo, Norway
| | - Sofie Lautrup
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Yahyah Aman
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Helge Røsjø
- Division of Research and Innovation, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mathias Ziegler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole-Bjørn Tysnes
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Charalampos Tzoulis
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Omland
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Arne Søraas
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve Holmøy
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda H Bergersen
- The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), Oslo, Norway; The Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway; Synaptic Neurochemistry and Amino Acid Transporters Labs, Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IMB) and Healthy Brain Ageing Centre (SERTA), University of Oslo, NO-0317 Oslo, Norway; Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jon Storm-Mathisen
- The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), Oslo, Norway; Synaptic Neurochemistry and Amino Acid Transporters Labs, Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IMB) and Healthy Brain Ageing Centre (SERTA), University of Oslo, NO-0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Nilsen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), Oslo, Norway
| | - Evandro F Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), Oslo, Norway.
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PCK1 Deficiency Shortens the Replicative Lifespan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae through Upregulation of PFK1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3858465. [PMID: 32104690 PMCID: PMC7037958 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3858465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The cytosolic isozyme of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1) was the first rate-limiting enzyme in the gluconeogenesis pathway, which exerted a critical role in maintaining the blood glucose levels. PCK1 has been established to be involved in various physiological and pathological processes, including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, diabetes, and tumorigenesis. Nonetheless, the association of PCK1 with aging process and the detailed underlying mechanisms of PCK1 on aging are still far to be elucidated. Hence, we herein constructed the PCK1-deficient (pck1Δ) and PCK1 overexpression (PCK1 OE) Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results unveiled that PCK1 deficiency significantly shortened the replicative lifespan (RLS) in the S. cerevisiae, while overexpression of PCK1 prolonged the RLS. Additionally, we noted that the ROS level was significantly enhanced in PCK1-deficient strain and decreased in PCK1 OE strain. Then, a high throughput analysis by deep sequencing was performed in the pck1Δ and wild-type strains, in an attempt to shed light on the effect of PCK1 on the lifespan of aging process. The data showed that the most downregulated mRNAs were enriched in the regulatory pathways of glucose metabolism. Fascinatingly, among the differentially expressed mRNAs, PFK1 was one of the most upregulated genes, which was involved in the glycolysis process and ROS generation. Thus, we further constructed the pfk1Δpck1Δ strain by deletion of PFK1 in the PCK1-deficient strain. The results unraveled that pfk1Δpck1Δ strain significantly suppressed the ROS level and restored the RLS of pck1Δ strain. Taken together, our data suggested that PCK1 deficiency enhanced the ROS level and shortened the RLS of S. cerevisiae via PFK1.
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15
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He G, Yan Z, Sun L, Lv Y, Guo W, Gang X, Wang G. Diabetes mellitus coexisted with progeria: a case report of atypical Werner syndrome with novel LMNA mutations and literature review. Endocr J 2019; 66:961-969. [PMID: 31270292 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej19-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare, adult-onset progeroid syndrome. Classic WS is caused by WRN mutation and partial atypical WS (AWS) is caused by LMNA mutation. A 19-year-old female patient with irregular menstruation and hyperglycemia was admitted. Physical examination revealed characteristic faces of progeria, graying and thinning of the hair scalp, thinner and atrophic skin over the hands and feet, as well as lipoatrophy of the extremities, undeveloped breasts at Tanner stage 3, and short stature. The patient also suffered from severe insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver, and polycystic ovarian morphology. Possible WS was considered and both WRN and LMNA genes were analyzed. A novel missense mutation p.L140Q (c.419T>A) in the LMNA gene was identified and confirmed the diagnosis of AWS. Her father was a carrier of the same mutation. We carried out therapy for lowering blood glucose and lipid and improving insulin resistance, et al. The fasting glucose, postprandial glucose and triglyceride level was improved after treatment for 9 days. Literature review of AWS was performed to identify characteristics of the disease. Diabetes mellitus is one of the clinical manifestations of WS and attention must give to the differential diagnosis. Gene analysis is critical in the diagnosis of WS. According to the literature, classic and atypical WS differ in incidence, pathogenic gene, and clinical manifestations. Characteristic dermatological pathology may be significantly more important for the initial identification of AWS. Early detection, appropriate treatments, and regular follow-up may improve prognosis and survival of WS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu He
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Zi Yan
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Lin Sun
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, 130021, China
| | - You Lv
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Weiying Guo
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, 130021, China
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16
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Fang EF, Hou Y, Lautrup S, Jensen MB, Yang B, SenGupta T, Caponio D, Khezri R, Demarest TG, Aman Y, Figueroa D, Morevati M, Lee HJ, Kato H, Kassahun H, Lee JH, Filippelli D, Okur MN, Mangerich A, Croteau DL, Maezawa Y, Lyssiotis CA, Tao J, Yokote K, Rusten TE, Mattson MP, Jasper H, Nilsen H, Bohr VA. NAD + augmentation restores mitophagy and limits accelerated aging in Werner syndrome. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5284. [PMID: 31754102 PMCID: PMC6872719 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction is a primary feature of Werner syndrome (WS), a human premature aging disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the Werner (WRN) DNA helicase. WS patients exhibit severe metabolic phenotypes, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood, and whether the metabolic deficit can be targeted for therapeutic intervention has not been determined. Here we report impaired mitophagy and depletion of NAD+, a fundamental ubiquitous molecule, in WS patient samples and WS invertebrate models. WRN regulates transcription of a key NAD+ biosynthetic enzyme nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyltransferase 1 (NMNAT1). NAD+ repletion restores NAD+ metabolic profiles and improves mitochondrial quality through DCT-1 and ULK-1-dependent mitophagy. At the organismal level, NAD+ repletion remarkably extends lifespan and delays accelerated aging, including stem cell dysfunction, in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster models of WS. Our findings suggest that accelerated aging in WS is mediated by impaired mitochondrial function and mitophagy, and that bolstering cellular NAD+ levels counteracts WS phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro F Fang
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Yujun Hou
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Sofie Lautrup
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | - Beimeng Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Tanima SenGupta
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Domenica Caponio
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Rojyar Khezri
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0379, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, N-0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tyler G Demarest
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yahyah Aman
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - David Figueroa
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Marya Morevati
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Danish Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hisaya Kato
- Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Henok Kassahun
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Jong-Hyuk Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Deborah Filippelli
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Mustafa Nazir Okur
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Aswin Mangerich
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tor Erik Rusten
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0379, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, N-0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Heinrich Jasper
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Hilde Nilsen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
- Danish Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Circulating factors in young blood as potential therapeutic agents for age-related neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases. Brain Res Bull 2019; 153:15-23. [PMID: 31400495 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent animal studies on heterochronic parabiosis (a technique combining the blood circulation of two animals) have revealed that young blood has a powerful rejuvenating effect on brain aging. Circulating factors, especially growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and C-C motif chemokine 11 (CCL11), may play a key role in this effect, which inspires hope for novel approaches to treating age-related cerebral diseases in humans, such as neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases. Recently, attempts have begun to translate these astonishing and exciting findings from mice to humans and from bench to bedside. However, increasing reports have shown contradictory data, questioning the capacity of these circulating factors to reverse age-related brain dysfunction. In this review, we summarize the current research on the role of young blood, as well as the circulating factors GDF11 and CCL11, in the aging brain and age-related cerebral diseases. We highlight recent controversies, discuss related challenges and provide a future outlook.
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18
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Phan T, Khalid F, Iben S. Nucleolar and Ribosomal Dysfunction-A Common Pathomechanism in Childhood Progerias? Cells 2019; 8:E534. [PMID: 31167386 PMCID: PMC6627804 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus organizes around the sites of transcription by RNA polymerase I (RNA Pol I). rDNA transcription by this enzyme is the key step of ribosome biogenesis and most of the assembly and maturation processes of the ribosome occur co-transcriptionally. Therefore, disturbances in rRNA transcription and processing translate to ribosomal malfunction. Nucleolar malfunction has recently been described in the classical progeria of childhood, Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome (HGPS), which is characterized by severe signs of premature aging, including atherosclerosis, alopecia, and osteoporosis. A deregulated ribosomal biogenesis with enlarged nucleoli is not only characteristic for HGPS patients, but it is also found in the fibroblasts of "normal" aging individuals. Cockayne syndrome (CS) is also characterized by signs of premature aging, including the loss of subcutaneous fat, alopecia, and cataracts. It has been shown that all genes in which a mutation causes CS, are involved in rDNA transcription by RNA Pol I. A disturbed ribosomal biogenesis affects mitochondria and translates into ribosomes with a reduced translational fidelity that causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. Therefore, it is speculated that disease-causing disturbances in the process of ribosomal biogenesis may be more common than hitherto anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Phan
- Department of Dermatology, Ulm University, James-Franck Ring N27, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Fatima Khalid
- Department of Dermatology, Ulm University, James-Franck Ring N27, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Iben
- Department of Dermatology, Ulm University, James-Franck Ring N27, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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19
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Cox L, Goljanek-Whysall K. Ageing here and now: current research and transformative therapies. Biogerontology 2019; 20:249-253. [PMID: 31104184 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. .,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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