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Jin M, Cao R, Shan P, Niu X. The correlation between circulating growth differentiation factor 11 and the risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis in men. Arch Osteoporos 2023; 18:55. [PMID: 37118347 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-023-01237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Our results suggest that the serum GDF11 concentration is significantly associated with the risk of bone metabolism dysfunction in men and may be a useful target for prediction of osteopenia/osteoporosis to enable prompt intervention for this common but invariably under- or misdiagnosed condition in men. PURPOSE Male osteopenia/osteoporosis remains a neglected subject or is under- or misdiagnosed. Many studies have confirmed the role of growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) in bone metabolism, although its role in bone metabolism remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between serum GDF11 levels and the prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis (OP) in a male cohort and explore the possibility of GDF11 to be a useful target for prediction of osteopenia/osteoporosis to enable prompt intervention for this disease. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 121 native Chinese men randomly aged 20-87 years, excluded the subjects who had the conditions of bone metabolism-related disease and administration of hormonal drugs, and grouped the subjects to OP and non-OP, based on the WHO definition and latest guidelines of OP. The serum GDF11 concentration was determined using a GDF11-specific immunoassay. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP-5b) were measured in serum samples with ELISA method. RESULTS We observed a negative correlation between serum GDF11 levels and age, a positive correlation between serum GDF11 levels and the femoral neck BMD, and a negative correlation between serum GDF11 levels and TRAP-5b in men. The prevalence and risk of OP were significantly higher in men with low serum GDF11 levels. CONCLUSIONS The serum GDF11 concentration is significantly associated with the risk of bone metabolism dysfunction and may be a useful target for prediction of OP in male cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88# Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Heji Affiliated Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, 271# East Taihang Street, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Renjun Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Heji Affiliated Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, 271# East Taihang Street, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Pengfei Shan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88# Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaohong Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Heji Affiliated Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, 271# East Taihang Street, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China.
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Tang YH, Wu L, Huang HL, Zhang PP, Zou W, Tang XQ, Tang YY. Hydrogen sulfide antagonizes formaldehyde-induced ferroptosis via preventing ferritinophagy by upregulation of GDF11 in HT22 cells. Toxicology 2023; 491:153517. [PMID: 37105376 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) has neurotoxic characteristics and causes neurodegenerative disease. Our previous study demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on FA-induced neurotoxicity in HT22 cells. Emerging evidence have supported that ferroptosis is involved in FA-induced neurotoxicity. To understand the mechanism of the protection of H2S against FA-induced neurotoxicity, this study explored the regulatory effect of H2S on FA-induced ferroptosis and the underlying mechanisms. The researcher found that H2S (100, 200, and 400μM, 30min) reverses the ferroptosis induced by FA (100μM, 24h) in HT22 cells (a cell line of mouse hippocampal neurons), including decreases in free iron, reactive oxygen species (ROS), 4-hydroxy-2-trans-nominal (4-HNE), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, as well as an increase in glutathione (GSH) content. H2S (100, 200, and 400μM, 30min) also inhibited ferritinaphagy in FA-exposed HT22 cells, as evidenced by the downregulation of the ferritinophagy receptor nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain-3B (LC3B) as well as the upregulation of the main iron storage protein ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) and p62. We also found that H2S (100, 200, and 400μM, 30min) up-regulated the expression of growth differentiation factor-11 (GDF11) in FA-exposed HT22 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of GDF11 in HT22 cells cancelled the beneficial effects of H2S in FA-induced ferroptosis and ferritinaphagy. These data indicated that the protective mechanism underlying H2S-prevented neurotoxicity of FA is involved in alleviating FA-induced ferroptosis via inhibiting ferritinaphagy by upregulation of GDF11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hui Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Lin Huang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Pan-Pan Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zou
- The Affiliated Nanhua Ho, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P. R. China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P. R. China.
| | - Yi-Yun Tang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P. R. China.
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Song L, Wu F, Li C, Zhang S. Dietary intake of GDF11 delays the onset of several biomarkers of aging in male mice through anti-oxidant system via Smad2/3 pathway. Biogerontology 2022; 23:341-362. [PMID: 35604508 PMCID: PMC9125541 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09967-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Current studies have generated controversy over the age-related change in concentration of growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and its role in the genesis of rejuvenation conditions. In this study, we displayed rGDF11 on the surface of Yarrowic Lipolytica (Y. lipolytica), and proved the bioavailability of the yeast-displayed rGDF11 by oral delivery in aged male mice. On the basis of these findings, we started to explore the anti-aging activity and underlying mechanisms of displayed rGDF11. It was found that dietary intake of displayed rGDF11 had little influence on the body weight and biochemical parameters of aged male mice, but delayed the occurrence and development of age-related biomarkers such as lipofuscin (LF) and senescence-associated-β-galactosidase, and to some extent, prolonged the lifespan of aged male mice. Moreover, we demonstrated once again that dietary intake of displayed rGDF11 enhanced the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and slowed down the protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation. Importantly, we showed for the first time that rGDF11 enhanced the activity of CAT, SOD and GPX through activation of the Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Our study also provided a simple and safe route for delivery of recombinant GDF11, facilitating its therapeutic application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Song
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Congjun Li
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Zhou Y, Ni S, Li C, Song L, Zhang S. Gonadal rejuvenation of mice by GDF11. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:892-901. [PMID: 34791251 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), also known as bone morphogenetic protein 11 (BMP11), has been shown to have rejuvenation and anti-aging properties, but little information is available regarding the role of GDF11 in reproductive system to date. In this study, we first confirmed the bioavailability of recombinant GDF11 (rGDF11) by oral delivery in mice. We also showed that dietary intake of rGDF11 had little influence on body and gonadal (ovary/testis) weights of recipient mice, indicating their general condition and physiology were not affected. Based on these findings, we started to test the function of rGDF11 in ovary and testis of mice and to explore the underlying mechanisms. It was found that to some extent, rGDF11 could attenuate the senescence of ovarian and testicular cells, and contribute to the recovery of ovarian and testicular endocrine functions. Moreover, rGDF11 could rescue the diminished ovarian reserve in female mice and enhance the activities of marker enzymes of testicular function (SDH and G6PD) in male mice, suggesting a potential improvement of fertility. Notably, rGDF11 markedly promoted the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the ovary and testis, and remarkably reduced the levels of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and ROS in the ovary and testis. Collectively, these results suggest that GDF11 can protect ovarian and testicular functions of aged mice via slowing down the generation of ROS through enhancing activities of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shousheng Ni
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Congjun Li
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lili Song
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
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Low-Intensity Exercise Routine for a Long Period of Time Prevents Osteosarcopenic Obesity in Sedentary Old Female Rats, by Decreasing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress and Increasing GDF-11. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5526665. [PMID: 34336096 PMCID: PMC8315843 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5526665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength is known as sarcopenia; it is characterized as a progressive and generalized muscle disorder associated with aging. This deterioration can seriously compromise the elderly's health and reduce their quality of life. In addition to age, there are other factors that induce muscle mass loss, among which are sedentary lifestyle, chronic diseases, inflammation, and obesity. In recent years, a new clinical condition has been observed in older adults that affects their physical capacities and quality of life, which is known as osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO). Osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity coexist in this condition. Physical exercise and nutritional management are the most widely used interventions for the treatment and prevention of sarcopenia. However, in older adults, physical exercise and protein intake do not have the same outcomes observed in younger people. Here, we used a low-intensity exercise routine for a long period of time (LIERLT) in order to delay the OSO appearance related to sedentarism and aging in female Wistar rats. The LIERLT routine consisted of walking at 15 m/min for 30 min, five days a week for 20 months. To evaluate the effects of the LIERLT routine, body composition was determined using DXA-scan, additionally, biochemical parameters, inflammatory profile, oxidative protein damage, redox state, and serum concentration of GDF-11 at different ages were evaluated (4, 8, 12, 18, 22, and 24 months). Our results show that the LIERLT routine delays OSO phenotype in old 24-month-old rats, in a mechanism involving the decrease in the inflammatory state and oxidative stress. GDF-11 was evaluated as a protein related to muscle repair and regeneration; interestingly, rats that perform the LIERLT increased their GDF-11 levels.
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Zhu HZ, Zhang LY, Zhai ME, Xia L, Cao Y, Xu L, Li KF, Jiang LQ, Shi H, Li X, Zhou YN, Ding W, Wang DX, Gao EH, Liu JC, Yu SQ, Duan WX. GDF11 Alleviates Pathological Myocardial Remodeling in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Through SIRT1-Dependent Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:686848. [PMID: 34262905 PMCID: PMC8273395 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.686848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily that alleviates cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, and vascular injury by regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell survival. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms of GDF11 in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) remain largely unknown. In this study, we sought to determine whether GDF11 could prevent DCM. After establishing a mouse model of diabetes by administering a high-fat diet and streptozotocin, intramyocardial injection of an adeno-associated virus was used to achieve myocardium-specific GDF11 overexpression. GDF11 remarkably improved cardiac dysfunction and interstitial fibrosis by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species and protecting against cardiomyocyte loss. Mechanistically, decreased sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression and activity were observed in diabetic mice, which was significantly increased after GDF11 overexpression. To further explore how SIRT1 mediates the role of GDF11, the selective inhibitor EX527 was used to block SIRT1 signaling pathway, which abolished the protective effects of GDF11 against DCM. In vitro studies confirmed that GDF11 protected against H9c2 cell injury in high glucose and palmitate by attenuating oxidative injury and apoptosis, and these effects were eliminated by SIRT1 depletion. Our results demonstrate for the first time that GDF11 protects against DCM by regulating SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Zhao Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Yun Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng-En Zhai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai-Feng Li
- Basic Medical Teaching Experiment Center, Basic Medical College, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Qing Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Heng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ye-Nong Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong-Xu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Er-He Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jin-Cheng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei-Xun Duan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Tripathi SS, Kumar R, Arya JK, Rizvi SI. Plasma from Young Rats Injected into Old Rats Induce Antiaging Effects. Rejuvenation Res 2021; 24:206-212. [PMID: 33161876 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2020.2354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An experimental novel antiaging intervention strategy is based on the concept of parabiosis, which involves long-term treatment with factors derived from young blood facilitating rejuvenation of old individuals. In this study, we employed blood plasma from young rats as an intervention strategy to evaluate whether this could impact aging biomarkers in aged rats. The biomarkers studied include: reactive oxygen species, the ferric reducing ability of plasma, plasma membrane redox system, reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, and advanced oxidation protein products in blood. Additionally, the level of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were also estimated in blood. We found that old rats injected with plasma from young rats were protected from oxidative stress. Thus, this study provides some evidence of the rejuvenating effects of young plasma. We hypothesize that young plasma may contain certain "factors," which may be responsible for the observed effects. The mechanism of action is not clearly understood and is open to further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raushan Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
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Similar sequences but dissimilar biological functions of GDF11 and myostatin. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1673-1693. [PMID: 33077875 PMCID: PMC8080601 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and myostatin (MSTN) are closely related TGFβ family members that are often believed to serve similar functions due to their high homology. However, genetic studies in animals provide clear evidence that they perform distinct roles. While the loss of Mstn leads to hypermuscularity, the deletion of Gdf11 results in abnormal skeletal patterning and organ development. The perinatal lethality of Gdf11-null mice, which contrasts with the long-term viability of Mstn-null mice, has led most research to focus on utilizing recombinant GDF11 proteins to investigate the postnatal functions of GDF11. However, the reported outcomes of the exogenous application of recombinant GDF11 proteins are controversial partly because of the different sources and qualities of recombinant GDF11 used and because recombinant GDF11 and MSTN proteins are nearly indistinguishable due to their similar structural and biochemical properties. Here, we analyze the similarities and differences between GDF11 and MSTN from an evolutionary point of view and summarize the current understanding of the biological processing, signaling, and physiological functions of GDF11 and MSTN. Finally, we discuss the potential use of recombinant GDF11 as a therapeutic option for a wide range of medical conditions and the possible adverse effects of GDF11 inhibition mediated by MSTN inhibitors.
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Qu B, Ma Z, Yao L, Gao Z, Zhang S. Preserved antibacterial activity of ribosomal protein S15 during evolution. Mol Immunol 2020; 127:57-66. [PMID: 32927165 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Conventional role of ribosomal proteins is ribosome assembly and protein translation, but some ribosomal proteins also show antimicrobial peptide (AMP) activity, though their mode of action remains ill-defined. Here we demonstrated for the first time that amphioxus RPS15, BjRPS15, was a previously uncharacterized AMP, which was not only capable of identifying Gram-negative and -positive bacteria via interaction with LPS and LTA but also capable of killing the bacteria. We also showed that both the sequence and 3D structure of RPS15 and its prokaryotic homologs were highly conserved, suggesting its antibacterial activity is universal across widely separated taxa. Actually this was supported by the facts that the residues positioned at 45-67 formed the core region for the antimicrobial activity of BjRPS15, and its prokaryotic counterparts, including Nitrospirae RPS1933-55, Aquificae RPS1933-55 and P. syringae RPS1950-72, similarly displayed antibacterial activities. BjRPS15 functioned by both interaction with bacterial surface via LPS and LTA and membrane depolarization as well as induction of intracellular ROS. Moreover, we showed that RPS15 existed extracellularly in amphioxus, shrimp, zebrafish and mice, hinting it may play a critical role in systematic immunity in different animals. In addition, we found that neither BjRPS15 nor its truncated form BjRPS1545-67 were toxic to mammalian cells, making them promising lead molecules for the design of novel AMPs against bacteria. Collectively, these indicate that RPS15 is a new member of AMP with ancient origin and high conservation throughout evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhen Qu
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zengyu Ma
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lan Yao
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhan Gao
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Circulating factors in young blood as potential therapeutic agents for age-related neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases. Brain Res Bull 2019; 153:15-23. [PMID: 31400495 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent animal studies on heterochronic parabiosis (a technique combining the blood circulation of two animals) have revealed that young blood has a powerful rejuvenating effect on brain aging. Circulating factors, especially growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and C-C motif chemokine 11 (CCL11), may play a key role in this effect, which inspires hope for novel approaches to treating age-related cerebral diseases in humans, such as neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases. Recently, attempts have begun to translate these astonishing and exciting findings from mice to humans and from bench to bedside. However, increasing reports have shown contradictory data, questioning the capacity of these circulating factors to reverse age-related brain dysfunction. In this review, we summarize the current research on the role of young blood, as well as the circulating factors GDF11 and CCL11, in the aging brain and age-related cerebral diseases. We highlight recent controversies, discuss related challenges and provide a future outlook.
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