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Kumar A, Aggarwal RAK, Tantia MS. Deciphering genetic diversity in conserved cattle bulls to achieve sustainable development goals. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10794. [PMID: 38734757 PMCID: PMC11088680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of Sustainable Development Goal target 2.5 established by the United Nations is to ensure the preservation of genetic diversity in domesticated animals. The ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources in India has been actively engaged in the conservation of cattle and buffalo bull semen for long-term storage. This present study aimed to assess the genetic diversity present in the conserved cattle bull semen, which would aid in determining the most suitable strategy for future conservation management. A total of 192 bull semen belonging to 19 cattle breeds were selected to evaluate genetic diversity using 17 pairs of FAO recommended microsatellite primers. Total 267 alleles were detected across all the samples which indicates substantial amount of allelic variation is being maintained in conserved bulls. Further, all cattle bulls semen conserved showed higher observed heterozygosity than expected heterozygosity which indicates excess genetic diversity in all the populations. The FST, F IT and FIS value across the loci and population is 0.146 ± 0.009, 0.054 ± 0.038, and - 0.105 ± 0.035, respectively, which suggests lack of inbreeding in conserved cattle bull semen. This study has established genetic diversity in conserved cattle semen samples to achieve sustainable development goals. In addition, it provides compelling evidence that the current approach for conserving cattle bull semen is heading in the correct direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amod Kumar
- Animal Genetics Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resource, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
| | - Rajeev Anand Kumar Aggarwal
- Animal Genetic Resources Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resource, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - M S Tantia
- Animal Genetics Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resource, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
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Saravanan KA, Panigrahi M, Kumar H, Nayak SS, Rajawat D, Bhushan B, Dutt T. Progress and future perspectives of livestock genomics in India: a mini review. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1979-1987. [PMID: 35369840 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2056046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The field of genetics has evolved a lot after the emergence of molecular and advanced genomic technologies. The advent of Next Generation Sequencing, SNP genotyping platforms and simultaneous reduction in the cost of sequencing had opened the door to genomic research in farm animals. There are various applications of genomics in livestock, such as the use of genomic data: (i) to investigate genetic diversity and breed composition/population structure (ii) to identify genetic variants and QTLs related to economically important and ecological traits, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genomic signatures of selection; (iii) to enhance breeding programs by genomic selection. Compared to traditional methods, genomic selection is expected to improve selection response by increasing selection accuracy and reducing the generation interval due to early selection. Genomic selection (GS) in developed countries has led to rapid genetic gains, especially in dairy cattle, due to a well-established genetic evaluation system. Indian livestock system is still lagging behind developed nations in adopting these technologies. This review discusses the current status, challenges, and future perspectives of livestock genomics in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Saravanan
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Manjit Panigrahi
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Harshit Kumar
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Sonali Sonejita Nayak
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Divya Rajawat
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Triveni Dutt
- Livestock Production and Management Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
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Saravanan KA, Panigrahi M, Kumar H, Parida S, Bhushan B, Gaur GK, Kumar P, Dutt T, Mishra BP, Singh RK. Genome-wide assessment of genetic diversity, linkage disequilibrium and haplotype block structure in Tharparkar cattle breed of India. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:297-311. [PMID: 32730141 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1796696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about genetic diversity is very essential for the management and sustainable utilization of livestock genetic resources. In this study, we presented a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of genetic diversity, ROH, inbreeding, linkage disequilibrium, effective population size and haplotype block structure in Tharparkar cattle of India. A total of 24 Tharparkar animals used in this study were genotyped with Illumina BovineSNP50 array. After quality control, 22,825 biallelic SNPs were retained, which were in HWE, MAF > 0.05 and genotyping rate >90%. The overall mean observed (HO) and expected heterozygosity (HE) were 0.339 ± 0.156 and 0.325 ± 0.129, respectively. The average minor allele frequency was 0.234 with a standard deviation of ± 0.131. We identified a total of 1832 ROH segments and the highest autosomal coverage of 13.87% was observed on chromosome 23. The genomic inbreeding coefficients estimates by FROH, FHOM, FGRM and FUNI were 0.0589, 0.0215, 0.0532 and 0.0160 respectively. The overall mean linkage disequilibrium (LD) for a total of 133,532 pairwise SNPs measured by D' and r2 was 0.6452 and 0.1339, respectively. In addition, we observed a gradual decline in effective population size over the past generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Saravanan
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Manjit Panigrahi
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Harshit Kumar
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Subhashree Parida
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - G K Gaur
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Pushpendra Kumar
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Triveni Dutt
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - B P Mishra
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - R K Singh
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
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Y-chromosome genetic diversity of Bos indicus cattle in close proximity to the centre of domestication. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9992. [PMID: 32561783 PMCID: PMC7305206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Y-chromosome genetic diversity in and around its domestication origin and a better understanding of indicine-specific microsatellite alleles are imperative concerns but less -targeted. We analysed Y-chromosome markers in 301 bulls representing 19 native Indian cattle (Bos indicus) and identified new alleles and haplotypes. Compared to other indicine studies, the high Y-haplotype diversity found in Indian cattle supports the hypothesis of greater genetic variability across the centre of origin decreasing along migratory routes with increasing distance. Hence, a considerable paternal genetic diversity of Indian cattle appears to have been lost in transboundary commercial indicine breeds. The Khillar and Gir are the most diversified populations where the first tends to be the well-differentiated traditional breed carrying strikingly distinct Y-lineages with typical BM861-158 bp allele, characteristics of taurine cattle, while retaining standard indicine lineages for all other markers. Geographical distribution found to be an unreliable predictor of parental variation, and Y-lineages seemed closely related to Indian breed function/utility. The comprehensive Y-chromosome information will be useful to examine the demographic expansion/spread of Bos indicus lineages from close proximity to the domestication centre across different countries worldwide and such diversity should be preserved through effective management and conservation programs.
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Sharma R, Kishore A, Mukesh M, Ahlawat S, Maitra A, Pandey AK, Tantia MS. Genetic diversity and relationship of Indian cattle inferred from microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers. BMC Genet 2015; 16:73. [PMID: 26123673 PMCID: PMC4485874 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-015-0221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indian agriculture is an economic symbiosis of crop and livestock production with cattle as the foundation. Sadly, the population of indigenous cattle (Bos indicus) is declining (8.94% in last decade) and needs immediate scientific management. Genetic characterization is the first step in the development of proper management strategies for preserving genetic diversity and preventing undesirable loss of alleles. Thus, in this study we investigated genetic diversity and relationship among eleven Indian cattle breeds using 21 microsatellite markers and mitochondrial D loop sequence. RESULTS The analysis of autosomal DNA was performed on 508 cattle which exhibited sufficient genetic diversity across all the breeds. Estimates of mean allele number and observed heterozygosity across all loci and population were 8.784 ± 0.25 and 0.653 ± 0.014, respectively. Differences among breeds accounted for 13.3% of total genetic variability. Despite high genetic diversity, significant inbreeding was also observed within eight populations. Genetic distances and cluster analysis showed a close relationship between breeds according to proximity in geographic distribution. The genetic distance, STRUCTURE and Principal Coordinate Analysis concluded that the Southern Indian Ongole cattle are the most distinct among the investigated cattle populations. Sequencing of hypervariable mitochondrial DNA region on a subset of 170 cattle revealed sixty haplotypes with haplotypic diversity of 0.90240, nucleotide diversity of 0.02688 and average number of nucleotide differences as 6.07407. Two major star clusters for haplotypes indicated population expansion for Indian cattle. CONCLUSIONS Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes show a similar pattern of genetic variability and genetic differentiation. Various analyses concluded that the Southern breed 'Ongole' was distinct from breeds of Northern/ Central India. Overall these results provide basic information about genetic diversity and structure of Indian cattle which should have implications for management and conservation of indicine cattle diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Sharma
- Core lab (Network Project Unit), National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, G T Road, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Amit Kishore
- Core lab (Network Project Unit), National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, G T Road, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Manishi Mukesh
- Core lab (Network Project Unit), National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, G T Road, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Sonika Ahlawat
- Core lab (Network Project Unit), National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, G T Road, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Avishek Maitra
- Core lab (Network Project Unit), National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, G T Road, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Ashwni Kumar Pandey
- Core lab (Network Project Unit), National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, G T Road, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Madhu Sudan Tantia
- Core lab (Network Project Unit), National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, G T Road, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
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Sharma R, Maitra A, Singh PK, Tantia MS. Genetic diversity and relationship of cattle populations of East India: distinguishing lesser known cattle populations and established breeds based on STR markers. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:359. [PMID: 23961421 PMCID: PMC3733078 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
India has 34 recognized breeds of cattle in addition to many more not characterized and accredited so far. It is imperative to characterize all the cattle germplasm of the country so as to have better breeding and conservation options. Thus, present study was planned for assessing genetic diversity and relationship between three local cattle populations (Gangatiri, Shahabadi and Purnea) and two established cattle breeds (Bachaur and Siri) of eastern India by using 21 FAO and ISAG recommended microsatellite markers. A total of 243 unrelated DNA samples of five cattle populations were collected from respective habitats. A total of 304 microsatellite alleles were identified with number of alleles at one locus ranging from 5 to 29. The average observed heterozygosity lie within the narrow range of 0.681 ± 0.04 in Purnea to 0.721 ± 0.03 in Siri. Mean estimates of observed and expected heterozygosity over all loci and breeds were 0.704 ± 0.02 and 0.720 ± 0.01, respectively. In the overall population, the homozygote excess (FIT) of 0.073 ± 0.02, was partly due to the homozygote excess within breeds (FIS = 0.026 ± 0.02) and to a larger extent due to genetic differentiation among breeds (FST = 0.048 ± 0.01). The genetic distance, STRUCTURE and Principal Component Analyses concluded that the Siri cattle are most distinct among the investigated cattle populations. Furthermore the analysis of genetic structure indicated that the most probable number of clusters is four. All analysis showed that a significant amount of genetic variation is maintained in local cattle populations of which Shahabadi and Purnea are distinct from the recognized breeds of the area and needs recognition as breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Sharma
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, 132 001 Haryana India
| | - Avishek Maitra
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, 132 001 Haryana India
| | - Pramod Kumar Singh
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, 132 001 Haryana India
| | - Madhu Sudan Tantia
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, 132 001 Haryana India
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Sharma R, Maitra A, Pandey AK, Mishra BP. Differentiation of four indian aboriginal cattle populations revealed by SIR markers. RUSS J GENET+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795412060129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lin BZ, Sasazaki S, Mannen H. Genetic diversity and structure in Bos taurus and Bos indicus populations analyzed by SNP markers. Anim Sci J 2010; 81:281-9. [PMID: 20597883 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2010.00744.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationship and population structure among nine Eurasian cattle populations using 58 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The calculated distribution of minor allele frequencies and heterozygosities suggested that the genetic diversity of Bos indicus populations was lower than that of Bos taurus populations. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the main divergence between the Bos taurus and Bos indicus populations, and subsequently between Asian and European populations. By principal components analysis, the Bos taurus and Bos indicus populations were clearly distinguished with PC1 (61.1%); however, six Bos taurus populations clustered loosely and the partial separation between European and Asian groups was observed by PC2 (12.5%). The structure analysis was performed using the STRUCTURE program. Distinct separation between Bos taurus and Bos indicus was shown at K = 2, and that between European and Asian populations at K = 3. At K = 4, 5 and 6, Mongolian population showed an admixture pattern with different ancestry of Asian and European cattle. At K = 7, all Bos taurus populations showed each cluster with little proportion of admixture. In conclusion, 58 SNP markers in this study could sufficiently estimate the genetic diversity, relationship and structure for nine Eurasian cattle populations, especially by analyses of principal components and STRUCTURE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang Zhong Lin
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, Japan
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Mishra BP, Kataria RS, Kathiravan P, Bulandi SS, Singh KP, Sadana DK. Evaluation of genetic variability and mutation drift equilibrium of Banni buffalo using multi locus microsatellite markers. Trop Anim Health Prod 2009; 41:1203-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-008-9301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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