Prevalence of the angiotensin I converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism in a healthy Turkish population

An updated meta-analysis on association between angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and cancer risk

The Alu repetitive sequence insertion/deletion (I/D, rs4646994) polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene may alter cancer susceptibility, but results of current studies are inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship between the ACE I/D polymorphism and cancer risk, we performed an updated meta-analysis of all eligible studies. All studies published up to July 2013 concerning the association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and cancer risk were identified by systematically searching PubMed, EMBASE, Wanfang, CNKI, and Cqvip databases. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using the fixed/random-effects model in Review Manager 5.1 and STATA 12.0. A total of 46 case-control studies including 7,025 cases and 34,911 controls were identified and evaluated. Overall, we did not observe a direct association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and general cancer risk (DD + DI vs. II OR = 0.95, 95 %CI = 0.84-1.07, P = 0.40). In the subgroup analysis by cancer type, a significant increased susceptibility of prostate cancer was found for variant homozygotes (DD vs. II + ID OR = 2.15, 95 %CI = 1.01-4.55, P = 0.05). Additionally, no significant association was observed in other subgroup analyses according to ethnicity, control source, sample size and quality control of genotyping. In summary, our results suggested that the ACE I/D polymorphism might not be a common risk factor for overall cancer susceptibility, but might contribute to the susceptibility of prostate cancer. More studies with larger sample sizes are required in the future.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism with metabolic syndrome in Turkish patients

BACKGROUND

The ACE gene has received substantial attention in recent years as candidate for a variety of diseases. The most common polymorphism in ACE gene is the Insertion/Deletion (I/D, rs4646994) polymorphism located on intron 16.

AIM

We investigated the association between metabolic syndrome (MS) and the insertion (I) - deletion (D) polymorphisms in the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene in south-east of Turkey.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

One hundred and sixty subjects, with 101 cases of MS and 59 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were included in the study.

RESULTS

The frequency of ACE I/D polymorphism was found to be 49.5% for DD, 36.6% for ID, and 13.9% for II in the MSstudy group and 44.1% for DD, 42.4% for ID and 13.5% for II in the control group. Allele frequencies were found to be 0.68% for D and 0.32% for I allele in the study group with MS and 0.65% for D, 0.35% for I allele in the control group. The I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene, DD, ID, and II genotypes occurred with similar frequencies in the study group with MS and the control group with no significant differences (p<0.05). On applying one-way analysis of variance to different ACE gene polymorphic groups in patients with MS were not significantly associated to ACE gene polymorphism and waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HDL, and LDL (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Further studies of patients in larger numbers and of different ethnic backgrounds may be necessary to elucidate the association between the ACE I/D gene polymorphism and MS.