1
|
Neurocristopathies: New insights 150 years after the neural crest discovery. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S110-S143. [PMID: 29802835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a transient, multipotent and migratory cell population that generates an astonishingly diverse array of cell types during vertebrate development. These cells, which originate from the ectoderm in a region lateral to the neural plate in the neural fold, give rise to neurons, glia, melanocytes, chondrocytes, smooth muscle cells, odontoblasts and neuroendocrine cells, among others. Neurocristopathies (NCP) are a class of pathologies occurring in vertebrates, especially in humans that result from the abnormal specification, migration, differentiation or death of neural crest cells during embryonic development. Various pigment, skin, thyroid and hearing disorders, craniofacial and heart abnormalities, malfunctions of the digestive tract and tumors can also be considered as neurocristopathies. In this review we revisit the current classification and propose a new way to classify NCP based on the embryonic origin of the affected tissues, on recent findings regarding the molecular mechanisms that drive NC formation, and on the increased complexity of current molecular embryology techniques.
Collapse
|
2
|
Carré A, Hamza RT, Kariyawasam D, Guillot L, Teissier R, Tron E, Castanet M, Dupuy C, El Kholy M, Polak M. A novel FOXE1 mutation (R73S) in Bamforth-Lazarus syndrome causing increased thyroidal gene expression. Thyroid 2014; 24:649-54. [PMID: 24219130 PMCID: PMC3993030 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2013.0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in the FOXE1 gene have been reported in several patients with partial or complete Bamforth-Lazarus syndrome: congenital hypothyroidism (CH) with thyroid dysgenesis (usually athyreosis), cleft palate, spiky hair, with or without choanal atresia, and bifid epiglottis. Here, our objective was to evaluate potential functional consequences of a FOXE1 mutation in a patient with a similar clinical phenotype. METHODS FOXE1 was sequenced in eight patients with thyroid dysgenesis and cleft palate. Transient transfection was performed in HEK293 cells using the thyroglobulin (TG) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) promoters in luciferase reporter plasmids to assess the functional impact of the FOXE1 mutations. Primary human thyrocytes transfected with wild type and mutant FOXE1 served to assess the impact of the mutation on endogenous TG and TPO expression. RESULTS We identified and characterized the function of a new homozygous FOXE1 missense mutation (p.R73S) in a boy with a typical phenotype (athyreosis, cleft palate, and partial choanal atresia). This new mutation located within the forkhead domain was inherited from the heterozygous healthy consanguineous parents. In vitro functional studies in HEK293 cells showed that this mutant gene enhanced the activity of the TG and TPO gene promoters (1.5-fold and 1.7-fold respectively vs. wild type FOXE1; p<0.05), unlike the five mutations previously reported in Bamforth-Lazarus syndrome. The gain-of-function effect of the FOXE1-p.R73S mutant gene was confirmed by an increase in endogenous TG production in primary human thyrocytes. CONCLUSION We identified a new homozygous FOXE1 mutation responsible for enhanced expression of the TG and TPO genes in a boy whose phenotype is similar to that reported previously in patients with loss-of-function FOXE1 mutations. This finding further delineates the role for FOXE1 in both thyroid and palate development, and shows that enhanced gene activity should be considered among the mechanisms underlying Bamforth-Lazarus syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Carré
- Research Center for Growth and Signaling (INSERM U845), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Genetic Stability and Oncogenesis, (UMR8200), National Center for Scientic Research (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- IMAGINE affiliate, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Rasha T. Hamza
- Pediatrics Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dulanjalee Kariyawasam
- Research Center for Growth and Signaling (INSERM U845), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Guillot
- Saint-Antonie Research Center (INSERM UMRS 938), Saint-Antonie Hospital, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Teissier
- Research Center for Growth and Signaling (INSERM U845), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Tron
- Research Center for Growth and Signaling (INSERM U845), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mireille Castanet
- Research Center for Growth and Signaling (INSERM U845), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Pediatrics Department, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôpitaux de Rouen, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Dupuy
- Laboratory of Genetic Stability and Oncogenesis, (UMR8200), National Center for Scientic Research (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Michel Polak
- Research Center for Growth and Signaling (INSERM U845), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- IMAGINE affiliate, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Functional analyses of C.2268dup in thyroid peroxidase gene associated with goitrous congenital hypothyroidism. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:370538. [PMID: 24745015 PMCID: PMC3976875 DOI: 10.1155/2014/370538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The c.2268dup mutation in thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene was reported to be a founder mutation in Taiwanese patients with dyshormonogenetic congenital hypothyroidism (CH). The functional impact of the mutation is not well documented. In this study, homozygous c.2268dup mutation was detected in two Malaysian-Chinese sisters with goitrous CH. Normal and alternatively spliced TPO mRNA transcripts were present in thyroid tissues of the two sisters. The abnormal transcript contained 34 nucleotides originating from intron 12. The c.2268dup is predicted to generate a premature termination codon (PTC) at position 757 (p.Glu757X). Instead of restoring the normal reading frame, the alternatively spliced transcript has led to another stop codon at position 740 (p.Asp739ValfsX740). The two PTCs are located at 116 and 201 nucleotides upstream of the exons 13/14 junction fulfilling the requirement for a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Quantitative RT-PCR revealed an abundance of unidentified transcripts believed to be associated with the NMD. TPO enzyme activity was not detected in both patients, even though a faint TPO band of about 80 kD was present. In conclusion, the c.2268dup mutation leads to the formation of normal and alternatively spliced TPO mRNA transcripts with a consequential loss of TPO enzymatic activity in Malaysian-Chinese patients with goitrous CH.
Collapse
|
4
|
Nettore IC, Cacace V, De Fusco C, Colao A, Macchia PE. The molecular causes of thyroid dysgenesis: a systematic review. J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:654-64. [PMID: 23698639 DOI: 10.3275/8973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a frequent disease occurring with an incidence of about 1/2500 newborns/year. In 80-85% of the cases CH is caused by alterations in thyroid morphogenesis, generally indicated by the term "thyroid dysgenesis" (TD). TD is generally a sporadic disease, but in about 5% of the cases a genetic origin has been demonstrated. In these cases, mutations in genes playing a role during thyroid morphogenesis (NKX2-1, PAX8, FOXE1, NKX2-5, TSHR) have been reported. AIM This work reviews the main steps of thyroid morphogenesis and all the genetic alterations associated with TD and published in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I C Nettore
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5 - 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|