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Vaishnav K, Tiwari V, Durgapal A, Meena B, Rana TS. Estimation of genetic diversity and population genetic structure in Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. ex Schult. populations using DAMD and ISSR markers. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:42. [PMID: 37022506 PMCID: PMC10079795 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00497-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. ex Schult. is a well-known medicinal plant against diabetes in India. There is as such no organized cultivation in India, and the plant is still being collected from the wild for their therapeutic uses. It is, therefore, important to estimate the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of G. sylvestre to ascertain the genetically diverse germplasm. The present study, therefore, was undertaken to analyze the genetic variability in 118 accessions belonging to 11 wild populations of G. sylvestre using directed amplification of minisatellite-region DNA (DAMD) and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR). RESULTS The present genetic analyses of 11 populations with 25 markers (8 DAMD and 17 ISSR) revealed significant genetic diversity (H = 0.26, I = 0.40, PPL = 80.89%) at a species level, while the average genetic diversity at the population level was low. Among the 11 populations studied, PCH and UTK populations showed maximum genetic diversity, followed by KNR and AMB, while TEL population revealed the lowest genetic diversity. AMOVA and Gst values (0.18) revealed that most of the genetic variations are found within populations and very less among populations, and higher gene flow (Nm = 2.29) was found to be responsible for the genetic homogenization of the populations. The clustering pattern resulting from the UPGMA dendrogram was in congruence with STRUCTURE and PCoA, segregating all the 11 populations into two main genetic clusters: cluster I (populations of North and Central India) and cluster II (populations of South India). The clustering patterns obtained from all three statistical methods indicate that the genetic structure in G. sylvestre populations corresponds to the geographical diversity of the populations and represents a strong genetic structure. CONCLUSION The genetically diverse populations identified during the present study could be a potential genetic resource for further prospecting and conserving this important plant resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchana Vaishnav
- Molecular Systematics Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Maharana Pratap Government Degree College, Nanakmatta, Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaun University, Nainital, 263001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vandana Tiwari
- Molecular Systematics Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjala Durgapal
- Maharana Pratap Government Degree College, Nanakmatta, Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaun University, Nainital, 263001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Baleshwar Meena
- CSIR-Traditional Knowledge Digital Library Unit, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - T S Rana
- Molecular Systematics Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Rodrigues V, Kumar A, Gokul S, Shukla AK, Ravikumar K, Sundaresan V. Decalepis salicifolia (Bedd. ex Hook. f.) Venter: A steno-endemic and critically endangered medicinal and aromatic plant from Western Ghats, India. J Biosci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-021-00162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rodrigues V, Kumar A, Prabhu KN, Pragadheesh VS, Shukla AK, Sundaresan V. Adventitious root cultures of Decalepis salicifolia for the production of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde, a vanillin isomer flavor metabolite. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3087-3099. [PMID: 33829315 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Decalepis salicifolia (Bedd. ex. Hook.f.) Venter is a potential natural source of the vanillin isomer, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (2H4MB), an aromatic compound. However, the utilization of the plant is hindered especially due to its critically endangered status and the root-specific accumulation of the compound. The use of in vitro culture techniques offers a sustainable means for the production of valuable metabolites. In this study, an efficient system was established for the production of 2H4MB in the adventitious root cultures of D. salicifolia. Leaf explants of in vitro grown plants produced on an average 4.33 ± 2.07 number of roots with root initiation frequency of 95.69 ± 3.74% in woody plant medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 1.0 mg/L kinetin (Kn). The adventitious root biomass accumulation of 10.61 ± 0.89 g fresh weight (FW) was obtained in woody plant liquid media containing 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.3 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in 60 days of inoculation. Field-grown plants of the same age produced 0.30 ± 0.02 g FW, which was 35-fold lower than the adventitious root culture. The total production of 2H4MB in the same growth period was 4.9-fold higher in adventitious root culture (139.54 μg) as compared to field-grown plants (28.62 μg). Furthermore, sucrose concentration of 2% was favorable for biomass accumulation, whereas 5% was favorable for 2H4MB production. On the other hand, media pH 5.0 was suitable for biomass production and pH 7.0 was best suited for accumulation of 2H4MB. The adventitious roots also showed stable production of biomass and 2H4MB over 2 years. The established adventitious root culture system is suitable for further large-scale production of 2H4MB for flavor and fragrance industrial applications. KEY POINTS: • Biomass accumulation was higher in adventitious root cultures than in field-grown plants. • Manipulation of sucrose concentration and media pH led to increased 2H4MB production. • Adventitious roots showed stable biomass and 2H4MB production over 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vereena Rodrigues
- Plant Biology and Systematics, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Plant Biology and Systematics, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India.,Phytopharmaceuticals Division, Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Kamasamudra N Prabhu
- Plant Biology and Systematics, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - V S Pragadheesh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.,Analytical Chemistry and Phytochemistry, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Ashutosh K Shukla
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.,Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Velusamy Sundaresan
- Plant Biology and Systematics, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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