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A Review on Psychrophilic β-D-Galactosidases and Their Potential Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:2743-2766. [PMID: 36422804 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The majority of the Earth's ecosystem is frigid and frozen, which permits a vast range of microbial life forms to thrive by triggering physiological responses that allow them to survive in cold and frozen settings. The apparent biotechnology value of these cold-adapted enzymes has been targeted. Enzymes' market size was around USD 6.3 billion in 2017 and will witness growth at around 6.8% CAGR up to 2024 owing to shifting consumer preferences towards packaged and processed foods due to the rising awareness pertaining to food safety and security reported by Global Market Insights (Report ID-GMI 743). Various firms are looking for innovative psychrophilic enzymes in order to construct more effective biochemical pathways with shorter reaction times, use less energy, and are ecologically acceptable. D-Galactosidase catalyzes the hydrolysis of the glycosidic oxygen link between the terminal non-reducing D-galactoside unit and the glycoside molecule. At refrigerated temperature, the stable structure of psychrophile enzymes adjusts for the reduced kinetic energy. It may be beneficial in a wide variety of activities such as pasteurization of food, conversion of biomass, biological role of biomolecules, ambient biosensors, and phytoremediation. Recently, psychrophile enzymes are also used in claning the contact lens. β-D-Galactosidases have been identified and extracted from yeasts, fungi, bacteria, and plants. Conventional (hydrolyzing activity) and nonconventional (non-hydrolytic activity) applications are available for these enzymes due to its transgalactosylation activity which produce high value-added oligosaccharides. This review content will offer new perspectives on cold-active β-galactosidases, their source, structure, stability, and application.
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2
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Designing robust nano-biocatalysts using nanomaterials as multifunctional carriers - expanding the application scope of bio-enzymes. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01657-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yushkova ED, Nazarova EA, Matyuhina AV, Noskova AO, Shavronskaya DO, Vinogradov VV, Skvortsova NN, Krivoshapkina EF. Application of Immobilized Enzymes in Food Industry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11553-11567. [PMID: 31553885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are macromolecular biocatalysts, widely used in food industry. In applications, enzymes are often immobilized on inert and insoluble carriers, which increase their efficiency due to multiple reusability. The properties of immobilized enzymes depend on the immobilization method and the carrier type. The choice of the carrier usually concerns the biocompatibility, chemical and thermal stability, insolubility under reaction conditions, capability of easy regeneration and reusability, as well as cost efficiency. In this review, we provide an overview of various carriers for enzyme immobilization, with the primary focus on food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina D Yushkova
- ITMO University , Lomonosova Street 9 , 191002 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation
| | - Elena A Nazarova
- ITMO University , Lomonosova Street 9 , 191002 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation
| | - Anna V Matyuhina
- ITMO University , Lomonosova Street 9 , 191002 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation
| | - Alina O Noskova
- ITMO University , Lomonosova Street 9 , 191002 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation
| | - Darya O Shavronskaya
- ITMO University , Lomonosova Street 9 , 191002 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation
| | | | - Natalia N Skvortsova
- ITMO University , Lomonosova Street 9 , 191002 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation
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Sharifi M, Karim AY, Mustafa Qadir Nanakali N, Salihi A, Aziz FM, Hong J, Khan RH, Saboury AA, Hasan A, Abou-Zied OK, Falahati M. Strategies of enzyme immobilization on nanomatrix supports and their intracellular delivery. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:2746-2762. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1643787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Sharifi
- Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Department of Nanotechnology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdulkarim Yasin Karim
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Research Center, Knowledge University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Nadir Mustafa Qadir Nanakali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Cihan University, Erbil, Iraq
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Abbas Salihi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Falah Mohammad Aziz
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Jun Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, China
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Inistitute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Center of Excellence in Biothermodynamics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Osama K. Abou-Zied
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Department of Nanotechnology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Simović M, Milivojević A, Ćorović M, Banjanac K, Bezbradica D. Whey valorization using transgalactosylation activity of immobilized β‐galactosidase. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milica Simović
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy University of Belgrade Karnegijeva 4 11000 Beograd Serbia
| | - Ana Milivojević
- Innovation Center Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy University of Belgrade Karnegijeva 4 11000 Beograd Serbia
| | - Marija Ćorović
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy University of Belgrade Karnegijeva 4 11000 Beograd Serbia
| | - Katarina Banjanac
- Innovation Center Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy University of Belgrade Karnegijeva 4 11000 Beograd Serbia
- Directorate of Measures and Precious Metals Group for Metrology in Chemistry Mike Alasa 1411000 Beograd Serbia
| | - Dejan Bezbradica
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy University of Belgrade Karnegijeva 4 11000 Beograd Serbia
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Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the biomaterials used in Nanocarrier drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 143:97-114. [PMID: 31255595 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanocarriers (NCs) are a type of drug delivery system commonly used to regulate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs. Although a wide variety of NCs has been developed, relatively few have been registered for clinical trials and even fewer are clinically approved. Overt or potential toxicity, indistinct mechanisms of drug release and unsatisfactory pharmacokinetic behavior all contribute to their high failure rate during preclinical and clinical testing. These negative characteristics are not only due to the NCs themselves but also to the materials of the drug nanocarrier system (MDNS) that are released in vivo. In this article, we review the main analytical techniques used for bioassay of NCs and MDNS and their pharmacokinetics after administration by various routes. We anticipate our review will serve to improve the understanding of MDNS pharmacokinetics and facilitate the development of NC drug delivery systems.
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Souza CJF, Garcia-Rojas EE, Souza CSF, Vriesmann LC, Vicente J, de Carvalho MG, Petkowicz CLO, Favaro-Trindade CS. Immobilization of β-galactosidase by complexation: Effect of interaction on the properties of the enzyme. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 122:594-602. [PMID: 30404027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we aimed to explore the molecular binding between alginate and β-galactosidase, as well as the effect of this interaction on the activity retention, thermal stability, and kinetic properties of the enzyme. The impact of pH and enzyme/alginate ratio on physicochemical properties (turbidity, morphology, particle size distribution, ζ-potential, FTIR, and isothermal titration calorimetry) was also evaluated. The ratio of biopolymers and pH of the system directly affected the critical pH of complex formation; however, a low alginate concentration (0.1 wt%) could achieve an electrical charge equivalence at pH 3.4 with 93.72% of yield. The binding between β-galactosidase and alginate was an equilibrium between enthalpic and entropic contributions, which promoted changes in the structure of the enzyme. Nevertheless, this conformational modification was reversible after the dissociation of the complex, which allowed the enzyme to regain its activity. These findings will likely broaden functional applications of enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clitor J F Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CP 23, CEP 13535 900 Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Engenharia, Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, PO Box 533, 79804-970 Dourados, Brazil
| | - Edwin E Garcia-Rojas
- Laboratório de Engenharia e Tecnologia Agroindustrial (LETA), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Av. dos Trabalhadores, 420, Volta Redonda, RJ 27255-125, Brazil
| | - Clyselen S F Souza
- Laboratório de Engenharia e Tecnologia Agroindustrial (LETA), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Av. dos Trabalhadores, 420, Volta Redonda, RJ 27255-125, Brazil
| | - Lúcia C Vriesmann
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CP 19046, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Juarez Vicente
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (PPGCTA), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Mario G de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química (PPGQ), Departamento de Química-ICE, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Carmen L O Petkowicz
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CP 19046, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carmen S Favaro-Trindade
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CP 23, CEP 13535 900 Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
Background:Cholesterol oxidases are bacterial oxidases widely used commercially for their application in the detection of cholesterol in blood serum, clinical or food samples. Additionally, these enzymes find potential applications as an insecticide, synthesis of anti-fungal antibiotics and a biocatalyst to transform a number of sterol and non-sterol compounds. However, the soluble form of cholesterol oxidases are found to be less stable when applied at higher temperatures, broader pH range, and incur higher costs. These disadvantages can be overcome by immobilization on carrier matrices.Methods:This review focuses on the immobilization of cholesterol oxidases on various macro/micro matrices as well as nanoparticles and their potential applications. Selection of appropriate support matrix in enzyme immobilization is of extreme importance. Recently, nanomaterials have been used as a matrix for immobilization of enzyme due to their large surface area and small size. The bio-compatible length scales and surface chemistry of nanoparticles provide reusability, stability and enhanced performance characteristics for the enzyme-nanoconjugates.Conclusion:In this review, immobilization of cholesterol oxidase on nanomaterials and other matrices are discussed. Immobilization on nanomatrices has been observed to increase the stability and activity of enzymes. This enhances the applicability of cholesterol oxidases for various industrial and clinical applications such as in biosensors.
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10
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Ionata E, Marcolongo L, La Cara F, Cetrangolo GP, Febbraio F. Improvement of functional properties of a thermostable β-glycosidase for milk lactose hydrolysis. Biopolymers 2018; 109:e23118. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.23118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ionata
- Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), via P. Castellino 111; Naples 80131 Italy
| | - Loredana Marcolongo
- Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), via P. Castellino 111; Naples 80131 Italy
| | - Francesco La Cara
- Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), via P. Castellino 111; Naples 80131 Italy
| | - Giovanni P. Cetrangolo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), via P. Castellino 111; Naples 80131 Italy
| | - Ferdinando Febbraio
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), via P. Castellino 111; Naples 80131 Italy
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Monier M, Youssef I, Abdel-Latif D. Synthesis of photo-responsive chitosan-cinnamate for efficient entrapment of β-galactosidase enzyme. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Sieber S, Siegrist S, Schwarz S, Porta F, Schenk SH, Huwyler J. Immobilization of Enzymes on PLGA Sub-Micrometer Particles by Crosslinked Layer-by-Layer Deposition. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Sieber
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Basel; Klingelbergstrasse 50 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Stefan Siegrist
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Basel; Klingelbergstrasse 50 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Schwarz
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Basel; Klingelbergstrasse 50 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Fabiola Porta
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Basel; Klingelbergstrasse 50 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Susanne H. Schenk
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Basel; Klingelbergstrasse 50 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Basel; Klingelbergstrasse 50 4056 Basel Switzerland
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Zichová M, Stratilová E, Omelková J, Vadkertiová R, Babák L, Rosenberg M. Production of ethanol from waste paper using immobilized yeasts. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-016-0036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Fan Y, Yi J, Hua X, Zhang Y, Yang R. Preparation and characterization of gellan gum microspheres containing a cold-adapted β-galactosidase from Rahnella sp. R3. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 162:10-15. [PMID: 28224885 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
R-β-Gal is a cold-adapted β-galactosidase that is able to hydrolyze lactose and has the potential to produce low-lactose or lactose-free dairy products at low temperatures (4°C). Cold-adapted enzymes unfold at moderate temperatures due to the lower intramolecular stabilizing interactions necessary for flexibility at low temperatures. To increase stability and usage-performance, R-β-Gal was encapsulated in gellan gum by injecting an aqueous solution into two different hardening solutions (10mM CaCl2 or 10mM MgCl2). Enzyme characteristics of both free and encapsulated R-β-Gal were carried out, and the different effects of two cations were investigated. R-β-Gal showed better thermal and pH stability after encapsulation. Ca2+ gels had higher encapsulation efficiency (71.4%) than Mg2+ (66.7%) gels, and Ca2+ formed larger inner and surface pores. R-β-Gal was released from the Ca2+ hydrogel beads more rapidly than the Mg2+ hydrogels during storage in aqueous solution due to the larger inner/surface pores of the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China; US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA 94710, USA.
| | - Jiang Yi
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Yuzhu Zhang
- US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Ruijin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China.
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Jin Y, Parashar A, Mason B, Bressler DC. Simultaneous hydrolysis and co-fermentation of whey lactose with wheat for ethanol production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 221:616-624. [PMID: 27693727 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Whey permeate was used as a co-substrate to replace part of the wheat for ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation was achieved with β-galactosidase added at the onset of the fermentation to promote whey lactose hydrolysis. Aspergillus oryzae and Kluyveromyces lactis β-galactosidases were two enzymes selected and used in the co-fermentation of wheat and whey permeate for the comparison of their effectiveness on lactose hydrolysis. The possibility of co-fermentations in both STARGEN and jet cooking systems was investigated in 5L bioreactors. Ethanol yields from the co-fermentations of wheat and whey permeate were evaluated. It was found that A. oryzae β-galactosidase was more efficient for lactose hydrolysis during the co-fermentation and that whey permeate supplementation can contribute to ethanol yield in co-fermentations with wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiong Jin
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Archana Parashar
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Beth Mason
- Verschuren Centre, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - David C Bressler
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada.
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Hronská H, Mastihuba V, Tokošová S, Rosenberg M. Semicontinual synthesis of alkyl galactosides using β-galactosidase entrapped in polyvinylalcohol hydrogel. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2016.1247827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Hronská
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic and
| | - Vladimír Mastihuba
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Silvia Tokošová
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic and
| | - Michal Rosenberg
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic and
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Krasňan V, Stloukal R, Rosenberg M, Rebroš M. Immobilization of cells and enzymes to LentiKats®. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:2535-53. [PMID: 26795964 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalyst immobilization is one of the techniques, which can improve whole cells or enzyme applications. This method, based on the fixation of the biocatalyst into or onto various materials, may increase robustness of the biocatalyst, allows its reuse, or improves the product yield. In recent decades, a number of immobilization techniques have been developed. They can be divided according to the used natural or synthetic material and principle of biocatalyst fixation in the particle. One option, based on the entrapment of cells or enzymes into a synthetic polyvinyl alcohol lens with original shape, is LentiKats® immobilization. This review describes the preparation principle of these particles and summarizes existing successful LentiKats® immobilizations. In addition, examples are compared with other immobilization techniques or free biocatalysts, pointing to the advantages and disadvantages of LentiKats®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Krasňan
- Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radek Stloukal
- LentiKat's a.s., Pod Vinicí 83, 471 27, Stráž pod Ralskem, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Rosenberg
- Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Rebroš
- Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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18
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Wagner I, Nagy ZK, Vass P, Fehér C, Barta Z, Vigh T, Sóti PL, Harasztos AH, Pataki H, Balogh A, Verreck G, Assche IV, Marosi G. Stable formulation of protein-type drug in electrospun polymeric fiber followed by tableting and scaling-up experiments. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- István Wagner
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Hungary
| | - Zsombor Kristóf Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Hungary
| | - Panna Vass
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Hungary
| | - Csaba Fehér
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Hungary
| | - Zsolt Barta
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Hungary
| | - Tamás Vigh
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Hungary
| | - Péter Lajos Sóti
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Hungary
| | - Anna Helga Harasztos
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Pataki
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Hungary
| | - Attila Balogh
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Hungary
| | | | | | - György Marosi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Hungary
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Facin BR, Moret B, Baretta D, Belfiore LA, Paulino AT. Immobilization and controlled release of β-galactosidase from chitosan-grafted hydrogels. Food Chem 2015; 179:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Anes J, Fernandes P. Towards the continuous production of fructose syrups from inulin using inulinase entrapped in PVA-based particles. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Wong DE, Goddard JM. Short communication: Effect of active food packaging materials on fluid milk quality and shelf life. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:166-72. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Rebroš M, Pilniková A, ŠImčíková D, Weignerová L, Stloukal R, Křen V, Rosenberg M. Recombinant α-L-rhamnosidase ofAspergillus terreusimmobilization in polyvinylalcohol hydrogel and its application in rutin derhamnosylation. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2013.858711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Liu Y, Ogorzalek TL, Yang P, Schroeder MM, Marsh ENG, Chen Z. Molecular Orientation of Enzymes Attached to Surfaces through Defined Chemical Linkages at the Solid–Liquid Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:12660-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja403672s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Tadeusz L. Ogorzalek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Pei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - McKenna M. Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - E. Neil G. Marsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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24
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Wong DE, Talbert JN, Goddard JM. Layer by layer assembly of a biocatalytic packaging film: lactase covalently bound to low-density polyethylene. J Food Sci 2013; 78:E853-60. [PMID: 23647496 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Active packaging is utilized to overcome limitations of traditional processing to enhance the health, safety, economics, and shelf life of foods. Active packaging employs active components to interact with food constituents to give a desired effect. Herein we describe the development of an active package in which lactase is covalently attached to low-density polyethylene (LDPE) for in-package production of lactose-free dairy products. The specific goal of this work is to increase the total protein content loading onto LDPE using layer by layer (LbL) deposition, alternating polyethylenimine, glutaraldehyde (GL), and lactase, to enhance the overall activity of covalently attached lactase. The films were successfully oxidized via ultraviolet light, functionalized with polyethylenimine and glutaraldehyde, and layered with immobilized purified lactase. The total protein content increased with each additional layer of conjugated lactase, the 5-layer sample reaching up to 1.3 μg/cm2 . However, the increase in total protein did not lend to an increase in overall lactase activity. Calculated apparent Km indicated the affinity of immobilized lactase to substrate remains unchanged when compared to free lactase. Calculated apparent turnover numbers (kcat ) showed with each layer of attached lactase, a decrease in substrate turnover was experienced when compared to free lactase; with a decrease from 128.43 to 4.76 s(-1) for a 5-layer conjugation. Our results indicate that while LbL attachment of lactase to LDPE successfully increases total protein mass of the bulk material, the adverse impact in enzyme efficiency may limit the application of LbL immobilization chemistry for bioactive packaging use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Wong
- Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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25
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Biochemical studies on the immobilized lactase in the combined alginate–carboxymethyl cellulose gel. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Nunes MAP, Fernandes PCB, Ribeiro MHL. High-affinity water-soluble system for efficient naringinase immobilization in polyvinyl alcohol-dimethyl sulfoxide lens-shaped particles. J Mol Recognit 2013; 25:580-94. [PMID: 23108618 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a water-soluble, biocompatible and biodegradable synthetic polymer whose application in the immobilization of biological agents for use in biocatalysis has shown promising results. This study aimed to investigate and optimize the immobilization of naringinase from Penicillium decumbens in PVA networks, targeting for the hydrolysis of naringin. Variables such as the most suitable cross-linker, catalyst, inorganic salt, co-solvents and solidification process were identified as key issues for PVA-based methods to form lens-shaped particles, while retaining high enzyme activity and stability. Major improvements were established for better and more reproducible immobilization conditions, namely, by designing a new immobilization apparatus to produce uniform lens-shaped particles. The common problems of PVA-based entrapment were significantly mitigated, through the use of selected cross-linker, glutaraldehyde (GA), and co-solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which decreased the toxicity of the immobilization process and allowed the control of membrane porosity, respectively. The relevance of DMSO and GA and their interaction and effect on the swelling ratio, encapsulation efficiency and residual activity of PVA biocatalysts were established. The immobilization of naringinase in PVA under a DMSO concentration of 60%, cross-linked with 1% GA, and particle lens size of 3.5-4.0 mm, width of 100-300 µm and average particle volume of 12.5 ± 0.92 µL, allowed an encapsulation efficiency of 98.6% and an average residual activity of 87% ± 3.6%. The kinetic characterization of the immobilized naringinase showed no changes in pH profile, whereas hydrolytic activity increased up to 60 °C. Immobilization in PVA/DMSO/GA lens-shaped particles enhanced the storage stability of naringinase. Moreover, these naringinase bio-immobilizates retained a conversion rate higher than 78% after 23 runs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário A P Nunes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lisbon, Portugal
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27
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Figueira JA, Sato HH, Fernandes P. Establishing the feasibility of using β-glucosidase entrapped in Lentikats and in sol-gel supports for cellobiose hydrolysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:626-34. [PMID: 23294439 DOI: 10.1021/jf304594s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucosidases represent an important group of enzymes due to their pivotal role in various biotechnological processes. One of the most prominent is biomass degradation for the production of fuel ethanol from cellulosic agricultural residues and wastes, where the use of immobilized biocatalysts may prove advantageous. Within such scope, the present work aimed to evaluate the feasibility of entrapping β-glucosidase in either sol-gel or in Lentikats supports for application in cellobiose hydrolysis, and to perform the characterization of the resulting bioconversion systems. The activity and stability of the immobilized biocatalyst over given ranges of temperature and pH values were assessed, as well as kinetic data, and compared to the free form, and the operational stability was evaluated. Immobilization increased the thermal stability of the enzyme, with a 10 °C shift to an optimal temperature in the case of sol-gel support. Mass transfer hindrances as a result of immobilization were not significant, for sol-gel support. Lentikats-entrapped glucosidase was used in 19 consecutive batch runs for cellobiose hydrolysis, without noticeable decrease in product yield. Moreover, encouraging results were obtained for continuous operation. In the overall, the feasibility of using immobilized biocatalysts for cellobiose hydrolysis was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelise A Figueira
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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28
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Knecht LD, Ali N, Wei Y, Hilt JZ, Daunert S. Nanoparticle-mediated remote control of enzymatic activity. ACS NANO 2012; 6:9079-86. [PMID: 22989219 PMCID: PMC4127402 DOI: 10.1021/nn303308v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have found numerous applications as tunable, remotely controlled platforms for drug delivery, hyperthermia cancer treatment, and various other biomedical applications. The basis for the interest lies in their unique properties achieved at the nanoscale that can be accessed via remote stimuli. These properties could then be exploited to simultaneously activate secondary systems that are not remotely actuatable. In this work, iron oxide nanoparticles are encapsulated in a bisacrylamide cross-linked polyacrylamide hydrogel network along with a model dehalogenase enzyme, L-2-HAD(ST). This thermophilic enzyme is activated at elevated temperatures and has been shown to have optimal activity at 70 °C. By exposing the Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles to a remote stimulus, an alternating magnetic field (AMF), enhanced system heating can be achieved, thus remotely activating the enzyme. The internal heating of the nanocomposite hydrogel network in the AMF results in a 2-fold increase in enzymatic activity as compared to the same hydrogel heated externally in a water bath, suggesting that the internal heating of the nanoparticles is more efficient than the diffusion-limited heating of the water bath. This system may prove useful for remote actuation of biomedical and environmentally relevant enzymes and find applications in a variety of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie D. Knecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Nur Ali
- Paul Laurence Dunbar High School, Lexington, KY 40502
| | - Yinan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
| | - J. Zach Hilt
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
- Corresponding Author
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29
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Jovanovic-Malinovska R, Fernandes P, Winkelhausen E, Fonseca L. Galacto-oligosaccharides Synthesis from Lactose and Whey by β-Galactosidase Immobilized in PVA. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:1197-211. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9850-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Sen D, Sarkar A, Das S, Chowdhury R, Bhattacharjee C. Batch Hydrolysis and Rotating Disk Membrane Bioreactor for the Production of Galacto-oligosaccharides: A Comparative Study. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie3005786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dwaipayan Sen
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Ankur Sarkar
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Saikat Das
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Ranjana Chowdhury
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
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32
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Immobilized l-aspartate ammonia-lyase from Bacillus sp. YM55-1 as biocatalyst for highly concentrated l-aspartate synthesis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2012; 35:1437-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-012-0732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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33
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Cárdenas-Fernández M, López C, Álvaro G, López-Santín J. l-Phenylalanine synthesis catalyzed by immobilized aspartate aminotransferase. Biochem Eng J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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34
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Figueira JDA, Dias FFG, Sato HH, Fernandes P. Screening of Supports for the Immobilization of β-Glucosidase. Enzyme Res 2011; 2011:642460. [PMID: 21915374 PMCID: PMC3170910 DOI: 10.4061/2011/642460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of supports were screened for the immobilization of a partially purified extract of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus sp. These supports, namely, Eupergit, Amberlite, alginate, gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol- (PVA-) based matrices (Lentikats), and sol-gel, have proved effective for the implementation of some other enzyme-based processes. The initial criterion for selection of promising supports prior to further characterization relied on the retention of the catalytic activity following immobilization. Based on such criterion, where immobilization in sol-gel and in Lentikats outmatched the remaining approaches, those two systems were further characterized. Immobilization did not alter the pH/activity profile, whereas the temperature/activity profile was improved when sol-gel support was assayed. Both thermal and pH stability were improved as a result of immobilization. An increase in the apparent KM (Michaelis constant) was observed following immobilization, suggesting diffusion limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelise de Alencar Figueira
- Department of Bioengineering, Higher Technical Institute (IST), Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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35
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Schädlich A, Naolou T, Amado E, Schöps R, Kressler J, Mäder K. Noninvasive in Vivo Monitoring of the Biofate of 195 kDa Poly(vinyl alcohol) by Multispectral Fluorescence Imaging. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:3674-83. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200899h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schädlich
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Toufik Naolou
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Chemistry/Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Elkin Amado
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Chemistry/Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Regina Schöps
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Chemistry/Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jörg Kressler
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Chemistry/Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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36
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Fernandes P. Enzymes in food processing: a condensed overview on strategies for better biocatalysts. Enzyme Res 2010; 2010:862537. [PMID: 21048872 PMCID: PMC2963163 DOI: 10.4061/2010/862537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Food and feed is possibly the area where processing anchored in biological agents has the deepest roots. Despite this, process improvement or design and implementation of novel approaches has been consistently performed, and more so in recent years, where significant advances in enzyme engineering and biocatalyst design have fastened the pace of such developments. This paper aims to provide an updated and succinct overview on the applications of enzymes in the food sector, and of progresses made, namely, within the scope of tapping for more efficient biocatalysts, through screening, structural modification, and immobilization of enzymes. Targeted improvements aim at enzymes with enhanced thermal and operational stability, improved specific activity, modification of pH-activity profiles, and increased product specificity, among others. This has been mostly achieved through protein engineering and enzyme immobilization, along with improvements in screening. The latter has been considerably improved due to the implementation of high-throughput techniques, and due to developments in protein expression and microbial cell culture. Expanding screening to relatively unexplored environments (marine, temperature extreme environments) has also contributed to the identification and development of more efficient biocatalysts. Technological aspects are considered, but economic aspects are also briefly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Fernandes
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Avenue Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Grosová Z, Rosenberg M, Gdovin M, Sláviková L, Rebroš M. Production of d-galactose using β-galactosidase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae entrapped in poly(vinylalcohol) hydrogel. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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39
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Staniszewski M, Kujawski W, Lewandowska M. Semi-continuous ethanol production in bioreactor from whey with co-immobilized enzyme and yeast cells followed by pervaporative recovery of product – Kinetic model predictions considering glucose repression. J FOOD ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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