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Cattò C, Cappitelli F. Testing Anti-Biofilm Polymeric Surfaces: Where to Start? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3794. [PMID: 31382580 PMCID: PMC6696330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Present day awareness of biofilm colonization on polymeric surfaces has prompted the scientific community to develop an ever-increasing number of new materials with anti-biofilm features. However, compared to the large amount of work put into discovering potent biofilm inhibitors, only a small number of papers deal with their validation, a critical step in the translation of research into practical applications. This is due to the lack of standardized testing methods and/or of well-controlled in vivo studies that show biofilm prevention on polymeric surfaces; furthermore, there has been little correlation with the reduced incidence of material deterioration. Here an overview of the most common methods for studying biofilms and for testing the anti-biofilm properties of new surfaces is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cattò
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappitelli
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Cattò C, Villa F, Cappitelli F. Recent progress in bio-inspired biofilm-resistant polymeric surfaces. Crit Rev Microbiol 2018; 44:633-652. [DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2018.1489369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cattò
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Villa
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappitelli
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Cattò C, Dell’Orto S, Villa F, Villa S, Gelain A, Vitali A, Marzano V, Baroni S, Forlani F, Cappitelli F. Unravelling the Structural and Molecular Basis Responsible for the Anti-Biofilm Activity of Zosteric Acid. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131519. [PMID: 26132116 PMCID: PMC4488431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural compound zosteric acid, or p-(sulfoxy)cinnamic acid (ZA), is proposed as an alternative biocide-free agent suitable for preventive or integrative anti-biofilm approaches. Despite its potential, the lack of information concerning the structural and molecular mechanism of action involved in its anti-biofilm activity has limited efforts to generate more potent anti-biofilm strategies. In this study a 43-member library of small molecules based on ZA scaffold diversity was designed and screened against Escherichia coli to understand the structural requirements necessary for biofilm inhibition at sub-lethal concentrations. Considerations concerning the relationship between structure and anti-biofilm activity revealed that i) the para-sulfoxy ester group is not needed to exploit the anti-biofilm activity of the molecule, it is the cinnamic acid scaffold that is responsible for anti-biofilm performance; ii) the anti-biofilm activity of ZA derivatives depends on the presence of a carboxylate anion and, consequently, on its hydrogen-donating ability; iii) the conjugated aromatic system is instrumental to the anti-biofilm activities of ZA and its analogues. Using a protein pull-down approach, combined with mass spectrometry, the herein-defined active structure of ZA was matrix-immobilized, and was proved to interact with the E. coli NADH:quinone reductase, WrbA, suggesting a possible role of this protein in the biofilm formation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cattò
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Dell’Orto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Villa
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Stefania Villa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Arianna Gelain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Vitali
- Institute of Chemistry of Molecular Recognition-UOS Rome, CNR, Roma, Italy
| | - Valeria Marzano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Sara Baroni
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Forlani
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappitelli
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Yang C, Yu Y, Sun W, Xia C. Indole derivatives inhibited the formation of bacterial biofilm and modulated Ca2+ efflux in diatom. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 88:62-69. [PMID: 25287229 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Marine biofouling is a serious environmental problem worldwide. As an effort to find environmental friendly antifoulants, indole derivatives were determined for their activities to inhibit the growth of bacteria and diatom. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of indole derivatives against bacteria were very low, especially for 6-chloroindole. It was proved that 6-chloroindole obviously inhibited the growth of bacteria, interfered with the formation of bacterial biofilm, destroyed bacterial cell morphology and also inhibited the growth of diatom Cylindrotheca sp. as well. By using noninvasive micro-test technique (NMT), 6-chloroindole triggered algal cellular Ca(2+) efflux. The highest value was 72.03 pmol cm(-2)s(-1), 10.6 times of the control group. The present studies indicated that indole derivatives might have the potential to be new antifouling agents because of their excellent antibacterial and anti-algal activities. At the same time, Ca(2+) efflux might be one of the mechanisms that indole derivatives inhibited the growth of diatom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Research Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Yanan Yu
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Chuanhai Xia
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Research Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
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Zhang Z, Xing D, Liang Q, Yong D, Han X. Size controllable synthesis and antimicrobial activity of poly-N,N′-[(4,5-dihydroxy-1,2-phenylene)bis(methylene)]bisacrylamide microspheres. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09544h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Cappitelli F, Polo A, Villa F. Biofilm Formation in Food Processing Environments is Still Poorly Understood and Controlled. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-014-9077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Villa F, Borgonovo G, Cappitelli F, Giussani B, Bassoli A. Sub-lethal concentrations of Muscari comosum bulb extract suppress adhesion and induce detachment of sessile yeast cells. BIOFOULING 2012; 28:1107-1117. [PMID: 23061484 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2012.734811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The formation of yeast biofilm on food industry equipment can lead to serious hygiene problems and economic losses due to food spoilage and equipment impairment. This study explored the ability of a sub-lethal concentration of the bulb extract of Muscari comosum to modulate adhesion of Candida albicans and subsequent biofilm development by this fungus. The HPLC profile of the ethanolic bulb extract showed phenolic constituents, which were found to undergo Folin-Ciocalteu reagent reduction. Prior to the adhesion tests, it was shown that up to 4000 mg l(-1) of natural extract did not adversely affect fungal growth nor did it act as a carbon energy source for C. albicans. Mathematical models predicted that 4000 mg l(-1) and 700 mg l(-1) of bulb extract would cause more than 98% reduction in fungal coverage on abiotic surfaces, without killing the planktonic cells. When added to C. albicans biofilm, the natural extract was shown to induce the dispersion of sessile cells in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Villa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
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Polo A, Diamanti MV, Bjarnsholt T, Høiby N, Villa F, Pedeferri MP, Cappitelli F. Effects of Photoactivated Titanium Dioxide Nanopowders and Coating on Planktonic and Biofilm Growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:1387-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00972.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Giacomucci L, Bertoncello R, Salvadori O, Martini I, Favaro M, Villa F, Sorlini C, Cappitelli F. Microbial deterioration of artistic tiles from the façade of the Grande Albergo Ausonia & Hungaria (Venice, Italy). MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2011; 62:287-298. [PMID: 21286701 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-011-9812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Grande Albergo Ausonia & Hungaria (Venice Lido, Italy) has an Art Nouveau polychrome ceramic coating on its façade, which was restored in 2007. Soon after the conservation treatment, many tiles of the façade decoration showed coloured alterations putatively attributed to the presence of microbial communities. To confirm the presence of the biological deposit and the stratigraphy of the Hungaria tiles, stereomicroscope, optical and environmental scanning electron microscope observations were made. The characterisation of the microbial community was performed using a PCR-DGGE approach. This study reported the first use of a culture-independent approach to identify the total community present in biodeteriorated artistic tiles. The case study examined here reveals that the coloured alterations on the tiles were mainly due to the presence of cryptoendolithic cyanobacteria. In addition, we proved that the microflora present on the tiles was generally greatly influenced by the environment of the Hungaria hotel. We found several microorganisms related to the alkaline environment, which is in the range of the tile pH, and related to the aquatic environment, the presence of the acrylic resin Paraloid B72® used during the 2007 treatment and the pollutants of the Venice lagoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Giacomucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Villa F, Albanese D, Giussani B, Stewart PS, Daffonchio D, Cappitelli F. Hindering biofilm formation with zosteric acid. BIOFOULING 2010; 26:739-752. [PMID: 20711895 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2010.511197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The antifoulant, zosteric acid, was synthesized using a non-patented process. Zosteric acid at 500 mg l(-1) caused a reduction of bacterial (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus) and fungal (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium citrinum) coverage by 90% and 57%, respectively. Calculated models allowed its antifouling activity to be predicted at different concentrations. Zosteric acid counteracted the effects of some colonization-promoting factors. Bacterial and fungal wettability was not affected, but the agent increased bacterial motility by 40%. A capillary accumulation test showed that zosteric acid did not act as a chemoeffector for E. coli, but stimulated a chemotactic response. Along with enhanced swimming migration of E. coli in the presence of zosteric acid, staining showed an increased production of flagella. Reverse transcriptase-PCR revealed an increased transcriptional level of the fliC gene and isolation and quantification of flagellar proteins demonstrated a higher flagellin amount. Biofilm experiments confirmed that zosteric acid caused a significant decrease in biomass (-92%) and thickness (-54%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Villa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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