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Zamay G, Koshmanova A, Narodov A, Gorbushin A, Voronkovskii I, Grek D, Luzan N, Kolovskaya O, Shchugoreva I, Artyushenko P, Glazyrin Y, Fedotovskaya V, Kuziakova O, Veprintsev D, Belugin K, Lukyanenko K, Nikolaeva E, Kirichenko A, Lapin I, Khorzhevskii V, Semichev E, Mohov A, Kirichenko D, Tokarev N, Chanchikova N, Krat A, Zukov R, Bakhtina V, Shnyakin P, Shesternya P, Tomilin F, Kosinova A, Svetlichnyi V, Zamay T, Kumeiko V, Mezko V, Berezovski MV, Kichkailo A. Visualization of Brain Tumors with Infrared-Labeled Aptamers for Fluorescence-Guided Surgery. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:24989-25004. [PMID: 39186481 PMCID: PMC11404482 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Gliomas remain challenging brain tumors to treat due to their infiltrative nature. Accurately identifying tumor boundaries during surgery is crucial for successful resection. This study introduces an innovative intraoperative visualization method utilizing surgical fluorescence microscopy to precisely locate tumor cell dissemination. Here, the focus is on the development of a novel contrasting agent (IR-Glint) for intraoperative visualization of human glial tumors comprising infrared-labeled Glint aptamers. The specificity of IR-Glint is assessed using flow cytometry and microscopy on primary cell cultures. In vivo effectiveness is studied on mouse and rabbit models, employing orthotopic xenotransplantation of human brain gliomas with various imaging techniques, including PET/CT, in vivo fluorescence visualization, confocal laser scanning, and surgical microscopy. The experiments validate the potential of IR-Glint for the intraoperative visualization of gliomas using infrared imaging. IR-Glint penetrates the blood-brain barrier and can be used for both intravenous and surface applications, allowing clear visualization of the tumor. The surface application directly to the brain reduces the dosage required and mitigates potential toxic effects on the patient. The research shows the potential of infrared dye-labeled aptamers for accurately visualizing glial tumors during brain surgery. This novel aptamer-assisted fluorescence-guided surgery (AptaFGS) may pave the way for future advancements in the field of neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Zamay
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
- Aptamerlab LLC, Krasnoyarsk 660042, Russia
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Anastasia Koshmanova
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Andrey Narodov
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
- Aptamerlab LLC, Krasnoyarsk 660042, Russia
| | - Anton Gorbushin
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
- Aptamerlab LLC, Krasnoyarsk 660042, Russia
- Krasnoyarsk Inter-District Ambulance Hospital Named after N.S. Karpovich, 17 Kurchatova, Krasnoyarsk 660062, Russia
| | - Ivan Voronkovskii
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
- Aptamerlab LLC, Krasnoyarsk 660042, Russia
- Krasnoyarsk Inter-District Ambulance Hospital Named after N.S. Karpovich, 17 Kurchatova, Krasnoyarsk 660062, Russia
| | - Daniil Grek
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
- Aptamerlab LLC, Krasnoyarsk 660042, Russia
| | - Natalia Luzan
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Olga Kolovskaya
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
- Aptamerlab LLC, Krasnoyarsk 660042, Russia
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Irina Shchugoreva
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Polina Artyushenko
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Yury Glazyrin
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Victoriya Fedotovskaya
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Olga Kuziakova
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690922, Russia
| | - Dmitry Veprintsev
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Kirill Belugin
- Federal Siberian Research Clinical Centre under the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Krasnoyarsk 660130, Russia
| | - Kirill Lukyanenko
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Elena Nikolaeva
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Andrey Kirichenko
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
- Aptamerlab LLC, Krasnoyarsk 660042, Russia
| | - Ivan Lapin
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Vladimir Khorzhevskii
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
- Krasnoyarsk Regional Pathology-Anatomic Bureau, Partizana Zheleznyaka, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Evgeniy Semichev
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Alexey Mohov
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Daria Kirichenko
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Nikolay Tokarev
- Federal Siberian Research Clinical Centre under the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Krasnoyarsk 660130, Russia
| | - Natalia Chanchikova
- Federal Siberian Research Clinical Centre under the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Krasnoyarsk 660130, Russia
| | - Alexey Krat
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
- Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Cancer Center, 16 1-ya Smolenskaya, Krasnoyarsk 660133, Russia
| | - Ruslan Zukov
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
- Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Cancer Center, 16 1-ya Smolenskaya, Krasnoyarsk 660133, Russia
| | - Varvara Bakhtina
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Pavel Shnyakin
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Pavel Shesternya
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Felix Tomilin
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Kosinova
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Valery Svetlichnyi
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Tatiana Zamay
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Vadim Kumeiko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690922, Russia
| | | | - Maxim V Berezovski
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Anna Kichkailo
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
- Aptamerlab LLC, Krasnoyarsk 660042, Russia
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
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Mahmoudian F, Ahmari A, Shabani S, Sadeghi B, Fahimirad S, Fattahi F. Aptamers as an approach to targeted cancer therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:108. [PMID: 38493153 PMCID: PMC10943855 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional cancer treatments can cause serious side effects because they are not specific to cancer cells and can damage healthy cells. Aptamers often are single-stranded oligonucleotides arranged in a unique architecture, allowing them to bind specifically to target sites. This feature makes them an ideal choice for targeted therapeutics. They are typically produced through the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) and undergo extensive pharmacological revision to modify their affinity, specificity, and therapeutic half-life. Aptamers can act as drugs themselves, directly inhibiting tumor cells. Alternatively, they can be used in targeted drug delivery systems to transport drugs directly to tumor cells, minimizing toxicity to healthy cells. In this review, we will discuss the latest and most advanced approaches to using aptamers for cancer treatment, particularly targeted therapy overcoming resistance to conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mahmoudian
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Ayatollah-Khansari Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Azin Ahmari
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Ayatollah-Khansari Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Shiva Shabani
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Ayatollah-Khansari Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Bahman Sadeghi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Ayatollah-Khansari Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Shohreh Fahimirad
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Fahimeh Fattahi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Ayatollah-Khansari Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Capasso G, Stefanucci A, Tolomeo A. A systematic review on the current status of PSMA-targeted imaging and radioligand therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 263:115966. [PMID: 37992520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been the subject of several studies in recent decades as a promising molecular target for prostate cancer (PCa), in fact it is considered an excellent molecular target for both PCa imaging (both for staging and follow-up), by means of PET/CT and for radioligand therapy. Its interesting molecular features have enabled the development of a new diagnostic and therapeutic approach for PCa, called "theranostics." Considering the abundance of PSMA-based probes that have appeared so far in the literature, the present work focuses the attention on radiopharmaceuticals with increasing clinical application, highlighting advantages and disadvantages in terms of different metabolization and excretion processes, pharmacokinetic, binding affinity and variable internalization rate, tumor-to-background ratio, residence times and toxicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Capasso
- ITEL TELECOMUNICAZIONI S.r.l - Radiopharmaceutical Division, Italy.
| | - Azzurra Stefanucci
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti, Pescara, Italy.
| | - Anna Tolomeo
- ITEL TELECOMUNICAZIONI S.r.l - Radiopharmaceutical Division, Italy.
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Khajeei A, Masoomzadeh S, Gholikhani T, Javadzadeh Y. The Effect of PEGylation on Drugs' Pharmacokinetic Parameters; from Absorption to Excretion. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:978-992. [PMID: 37345248 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666230621124953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Until the drugs enter humans life, they may face problems in transportation, drug delivery, and metabolism. These problems can cause reducing drug's therapeutic effect and even increase its side effects. Together, these cases can reduce the patient's compliance with the treatment and complicate the treatment process. Much work has been done to solve or at least reduce these problems. For example, using different forms of a single drug molecule (like Citalopram and Escitalopram); slight changes in the drug's molecule like Meperidine and α-Prodine, and using carriers (like Tigerase®). PEGylation is a recently presented method that can use for many targets. Poly Ethylene Glycol or PEG is a polymer that can attach to drugs by using different methods and resulting sustained release, controlled metabolism, targeted delivery, and other cases. Although they will not necessarily lead to an increase in the effect of the drug, they will lead to the improvement of the treatment process in certain ways. In this article, the team of authors has tried to collect and carefully review the best cases based on the PEGylation of drugs that can help the readers of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khajeei
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Salar Masoomzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tooba Gholikhani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Javadzadeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Zhang H, Rao M, Zhao H, Ren J, Hao L, Zhong M, Chen Y, Yang X, Feng Y, Yuan G. Imageological/Structural Study regarding the Improved Pharmacokinetics by 68Ga-Labeled PEGylated PSMA Multimer in Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040589. [PMID: 37111347 PMCID: PMC10144514 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PMSA (prostate-specific membrane antigen) is currently the most significant target for diagnosing and treating PCa (prostate cancer). Herein, we reported a series 68Ga/177Lu-labeled multimer PSMA tracer conjugating with PEG chain, including [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-(1P-PEG4), [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-(2P-PEG0), [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-(2P-PEG4), and [68Ga]Ga/[177Lu]Lu-DOTA-(2P-PEG4)2, which showed an advantage of a multivalent effect and PEGylation to achieve higher tumor accumulation and faster kidney clearance. To figure out how structural optimizations based on a PSMA multimer and PEGylation influence the probe's tumor-targeting ability, biodistribution, and metabolism, we examined PSMA molecular probes' affinities to PC-3 PIP (PSMA-highly-expressed PC-3 cell line), and conducted pharmacokinetics analysis, biodistribution detection, small animal PET/CT, and SPECT/CT imaging. The results showed that PEG4 and PSMA dimer optimizations enhanced the probes' tumor-targeting ability in PC-3 PIP tumor-bearing mice models. Compared with the PSMA monomer, the PEGylated PSMA dimer reduced the elimination half-life in the blood and increased uptake in the tumor, and the biodistribution results were consistent with PET/CT imaging results. [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-(2P-PEG4)2 exhibited higher tumor-to-organ ratios. When labeled by lutetium-177, relatively high accumulation of DOTA-(2P-PEG4)2 was still detected in PC-3 PIP tumor-bearing mice models after 48 h, indicating its prolonged tumor retention time. Given the superiority in imaging, simple synthetic processes, and structural stability, DOTA-(2P-PEG4)2 is expected to be a promising tumor-targeting diagnostic molecular probe in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Maohua Rao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Huayi Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Jianli Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Lan Hao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Meng Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646600, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646600, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646600, China
| | - Gengbiao Yuan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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Mahmood T, Shahbaz A, Hussain N, Ali R, Bashir H, Rizwan K. Recent advancements in fusion protein technologies in oncotherapy: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123161. [PMID: 36610574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complicated, adaptable, and heterogeneous disease caused by a wide variety of genetic changes that might impair ability of cells to function normally. The majority of the tumors can only be shrunk using conventional oncology therapies like chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical resection, and the tumor often recurs. The inability of conventional cancer therapies to completely destroy the Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) that otherwise lead to therapy resistance is thus addressed by therapeutic approaches that concentrate on targeting CSCs and their micro-environmental niche. In this review, we summarize approaches that are used for the development of fusion proteins and their therapeutic applications for treating cancer. The main purpose of making advancements towards the fusion technology instead of using conventional treatment methods is to achieve a prolonged half-life of the therapeutic drugs. The fusion of drugs to the immune response enhancing cytokines or the fusion of antibody and cytokines not only increases half-life but also increase the stability of the anti-tumor drug. Several molecules including different fragments of antibodies, cytokines, Human Serum Albumin, transferrin, XTEN polymers, Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) can be employed as a fusion partner and the resulting fusion proteins are reported to show enhanced anti-tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehreem Mahmood
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Areej Shahbaz
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Rahat Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Bashir
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Komal Rizwan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan.
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Pegylated catalase as a potential alternative to treat vitiligo and UV induced skin damage. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 30:115933. [PMID: 33333446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic function of catalase (CAT) is to prevent oxidative damage to tissues through the hydrolysis of hydrogen peroxide, which is a strong oxidizing agent. It has been suggested as an alternative to treat skin diseases related to oxidative stress, such as vitiligo. Owing to the instability associated to the protein nature, topical use of CAT is challenging and, in this sense, PEGylation can be an interesting alternative. Here, we conjugated CAT to methoxy-poly(ethylene oxide) (mPEG) of 10, 20 and 40 kDa, by means of a nucleophilic attack of ε-amino groups to an electron-deficient carbonyl group of the reactive PEG, resulting in site specifically PEGylated bioconjugates. PEGylation yields ranged from 31% ± 2% for CAT-PEG40 to 59% ± 4% for CAT-PEG20 and were strongly affected by the reaction pH owing to the protonation/deprotonation state of primary amines of lysine and N-terminal residues. PEGylated conjugates were purified by size-exclusion chromatography (purity > 95%) and characterized by circular dichroism. Irrespectively of MW, PEG did not affected CAT secondary and tertiary structure, but a decrease in specific activity was observed, more pronounced when PEGs of higher MWs were used. However, this loss of activity is compensated by the increased long-term stability, with a gain of >5 times in t1/2. In vitro antioxidant activity of CAT-PEG20 showed complete elimination of lipid peroxidation at the skin upper layer (stratum corneum) suitable for a topical use to treat vitiligo, as well as other skin conditions related to oxidative stress.
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Wang M, Wang H, Niu CQ, Zhang T, Wu Z, Li Z. Tetrazine-TCO Ligation: A Potential Simple Approach to Improve Tumor Uptake through Enhanced Blood Circulation. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1795-1803. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhe Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States
| | - Crystal Q. Niu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States
| | - Zhanhong Wu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States
| | - Zibo Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States
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Optimization of an Antibody Light Chain Framework Enhances Expression, Biophysical Properties and Pharmacokinetics. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:antib8030046. [PMID: 31544852 PMCID: PMC6784111 DOI: 10.3390/antib8030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficacy, safety, and manufacturability of therapeutic antibodies are influenced by their biopharmaceutical and biophysical properties. These properties can be optimized by library approaches or rationale protein design. Here, we employed a protein engineering approach to modify the variable domain of the light chain (VL) framework of an oxidized macrophage migration inhibitory factor (oxMIF)-specific antibody. The amendment of the antibody sequence was based on homology to human germline VL genes. Three regions or positions were identified in the VL domain—L1-4, L66, L79—and mutated independently or in combination to match the closest germline V gene. None of the mutations altered oxMIF specificity or affinity, but some variants improved thermal stability, aggregation propensity, and resulted in up to five-fold higher expression. Importantly, the improved biopharmaceutical properties translated into a superior pharmacokinetic profile of the antibody. Thus, optimization of the V domain framework can ameliorate the biophysical qualities of a therapeutic antibody candidate, and as result its manufacturability, and also has the potential to improve pharmacokinetics.
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Walker KW, Salimi-Moosavi H, Arnold GE, Chen Q, Soto M, Jacobsen FW, Hui J. Pharmacokinetic comparison of a diverse panel of non-targeting human antibodies as matched IgG1 and IgG2 isotypes in rodents and non-human primates. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217061. [PMID: 31120944 PMCID: PMC6533040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we compared the pharmacokinetic profile of four unrelated antibodies, which do not bind to mammalian antigens, in IgG1 and IgG2 frameworks in both rats and non-human primates (NHP). This allowed for extensive cross comparison of the impact of antibody isotype, complementarity determining regions (CDR) and model species on pharmacokinetics without the confounding influence of antigen binding in the hosts. While antibody isotype had no significant impact on the pharmacokinetics, the CDRs do alter the profile, and there is an inverse correlation between the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) affinity and pharmacokinetic performance. Faster clearance rates were also associated with higher isoelectric points; however, although this panel of antibodies all possess basic isoelectric points, ranging from 8.44 to 9.18, they also have exceptional in vivo half-lives, averaging 369 hours, and low clearance rates, averaging 0.18 ml/h/kg in NHPs. This pattern of pharmacokinetic characteristics was conserved between rats and NHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W. Walker
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hossein Salimi-Moosavi
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States of America
| | - Gregory E. Arnold
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States of America
| | - Qing Chen
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States of America
| | - Marcus Soto
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States of America
| | - Frederick W. Jacobsen
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States of America
| | - John Hui
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States of America
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Abstract
As described in more detail in other contributions in this issue of Seminars in Nuclear Medicine, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has become one of the most promising molecular targets in nuclear medicine. Due to its overexpression on prostate cancer cells in proportion to the stage and grade of tumour progression, especially in androgen-independent, advanced and metastatic disease, various tracers for the detection and treatment of prostate cancer by means of radioligand imaging, radioligand therapy or radioguided surgery have been developed and transferred to clinical applications. Even though monoclonal antibodies were investigated and introduced as first PSMA-targeted probes, the inherent advantage of fast tumour uptake and rapid excretion of small molecules has shifted the research focus during the last decade to low molecular weight inhibitors with high affinity to PSMA, such as [18F]FDCFPyL, [18F]PSMA-1007, [68Ga]PSMA-HBED, [177Lu]PSMA-617, [177Lu]PSMA-I&T, [99mTc]MIP-1404 or [99mTc]PSMA I&S, to mention only a few. Due to the plethora of such PSMA probes described during the last years, this review aims to give an overview over the specific characteristics of those radiopharmaceuticals that have already found widespread clinical application. In addition, recently introduced concepts such as PSMA-tracers with increased plasma protein binding, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Margret Schottelius
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
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12
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Enhancing bioactivity, physicochemical, and pharmacokinetic properties of a nano-sized, anti-VEGFR2 Adnectin, through PASylation technology. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2978. [PMID: 30814652 PMCID: PMC6393559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The crucial role of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling in the angiogenesis and metastasis of solid tumors has prompted the development of inhibitors with minimal bystander effects. Recently, Adnectin C has attracted attention for cancer treatment. To overcome the problematic properties of Adnectin, a novel form of Adnectin C has been designed by its fusion to a biodegradable polymeric peptide containing Pro/Ala/Ser (PAS) repetitive residues. E. coli-expressed recombinant fused and unfused proteins were compared in terms of bioactivity, physicochemical, and pharmacokinetic properties using standard methods. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis of PASylated adnectin C revealed an approximate 2-fold increase in particle size with a slight change in the net charge. Additionally, fusion of the PAS sequence improved its stability against the growth of thermo-induced aggregated forms. The high receptor-binding and improved binding kinetic parameters of PASylated Adnectin C was confirmed by ELISA and surface plasmon resonance assays, respectively. Pharmacokinetic studies showed a noticeable increase in the terminal half-life of Adnectin C-PAS#1(200) by a factor of 4.57 after single dose by intravenous injection into female BALB/c mice. The results suggest that PASylation could offer a superior delivery strategy for developing Adnectin-derived drugs with improved patient compliance.
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13
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Hutchings CJ, Colussi P, Clark TG. Ion channels as therapeutic antibody targets. MAbs 2018; 11:265-296. [PMID: 30526315 PMCID: PMC6380435 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1548232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that antibodies have numerous potential benefits when developed as therapeutics. Here, we evaluate the technical challenges of raising antibodies to membrane-spanning proteins together with enabling technologies that may facilitate the discovery of antibody therapeutics to ion channels. Additionally, we discuss the potential targeting opportunities in the anti-ion channel antibody landscape, along with a number of case studies where functional antibodies that target ion channels have been reported. Antibodies currently in development and progressing towards the clinic are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Theodore G. Clark
- TetraGenetics Inc, Arlington Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca New York, USA
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14
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Santos JHPM, Torres-Obreque KM, Meneguetti GP, Amaro BP, Rangel-Yagui CO. Protein PEGylation for the design of biobetters: from reaction to purification processes. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000001009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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15
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Svedlund FL, Altiok EI, Healy KE. Branching Analysis of Multivalent Conjugates Using Size Exclusion Chromatography-Multiangle Light Scattering. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3162-3171. [PMID: 27548567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent conjugates (MVCs) (conjugation of multiple proteins to a linear polymer chain) are powerful for improving the bioactivity and pharmacokinetics of a bioactive molecule. Since this effect is highly dependent upon the valency of the conjugated proteins, it is imperative to have a technique for analysis of the conjugation ratio. Studies of MVCs have used size exclusion chromatography-multiangle light scattering (SEC-MALS), which allows for the separate and individual analysis of the protein and biopolymer components based on their specific refractive index increment and UV extinction coefficient constants to determine the number of proteins bound per biopolymer molecule. In this work, we have applied traditional branching analysis to the SEC-MALS data, with the primary assumption that the polymer backbone can be used as the linear counterpart. We demonstrated good agreement between the branching values and the valency determined by traditional analysis, demonstrating that branching analysis can be used as an alternative technique to approximate the valency of MVCs. The branching analysis method also provides a more complete picture of the distribution of the measured values, provides important branching information about the molecules, and lowers the cost and complexity of the characterization. However, since MVC molecules are both conjugate molecules and branched molecules, the most powerful approach to their characterization would be to use both traditional multivalent conjugate analysis and branching analysis in conjunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia L Svedlund
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and §Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eda I Altiok
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and §Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kevin E Healy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and §Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Han BW, Layman H, Rode NA, Conway A, Schaffer DV, Boudreau NJ, Jackson WM, Healy KE. Multivalent Conjugates of Sonic Hedgehog Accelerate Diabetic Wound Healing. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 21:2366-78. [PMID: 26154888 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their preclinical promise, few recombinant growth factors have been fully developed into effective therapies, in part, due to the short interval of therapeutic activity after administration. To address this problem, we developed nanoscale polymer conjugates for multivalent presentation of therapeutic proteins that enhance the activation of targeted cellular responses. As an example of this technology, we conjugated multiple Sonic hedgehog (Shh) proteins onto individual hyaluronic acid biopolymers to generate multivalent protein clusters at defined ratios (i.e., valencies) that yield enhanced Shh pathway activation at equivalent concentrations relative to unconjugated Shh. In this study, we investigated whether these multivalent conjugates (mvShh) could be used to improve the therapeutic function of Shh. We found that a single treatment with mvShh significantly accelerated the closure of full-thickness wounds in diabetic (db/db) mice compared to either an equivalent dose of unconjugated Shh or the vehicle control. Furthermore, we identified specific indicators of wound healing in fibroblasts and endothelial cells (i.e., transcriptional activation and cell migration) that were activated by mvShh in vitro and at concentrations approximately an order of magnitude lower than the unconjugated Shh. Taken together, our findings suggest that mvShh conjugates exhibit greater potency to activate the Shh pathway, and this multivalency advantage improves its therapeutic effect to accelerate wound closure in a diabetic animal model. Our strategy of multivalent protein presentation using nanoscale polymer conjugates has the potential to make a significant impact on the development of protein-based therapies by improving their in vivo performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce W Han
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California
| | - Hans Layman
- 2 Department of Surgery, University of California at San Francisco , San Francisco, California
| | - Nikhil A Rode
- 3 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California
| | - Anthony Conway
- 4 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California
| | - David V Schaffer
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California.,4 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California
| | - Nancy J Boudreau
- 2 Department of Surgery, University of California at San Francisco , San Francisco, California
| | - Wesley M Jackson
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California
| | - Kevin E Healy
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California.,3 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California
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Bhatt P, Vhora I, Patil S, Amrutiya J, Bhattacharya C, Misra A, Mashru R. Role of antibodies in diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer: Basic approach and clinical status. J Control Release 2016; 226:148-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Unverdorben F, Hutt M, Seifert O, Kontermann RE. A Fab-Selective Immunoglobulin-Binding Domain from Streptococcal Protein G with Improved Half-Life Extension Properties. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139838. [PMID: 26430884 PMCID: PMC4592230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Half-life extension strategies have gained increasing interest to improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of protein therapeutics. Recently, we established an immunoglobulin-binding domain (IgBD) from streptococcal protein G (SpGC3) as module for half-life extension. SpGC3 is capable of binding to the Fc region as well as the CH1 domain of Fab arms under neutral and acidic conditions. Methodology/Principal Findings Using site-directed mutagenesis, we generated a Fab-selective mutant (SpGC3Fab) to avoid possible interference with the FcRn-mediated recycling process and improved its affinity for mouse and human IgG by site-directed mutagenesis and phage display selections. In mice, this affinity-improved mutant (SpGC3FabRR) conferred prolonged plasma half-lives compared with SpGC3Fab when fused to small recombinant antibody fragments, such as single-chain Fv (scFv) and bispecific single-chain diabody (scDb). Hence, the SpGC3FabRR domain seems to be a suitable fusion partner for the half-life extension of small recombinant therapeutics. Conclusions/Significance The half-life extension properties of SpGC3 can be retained by restricting binding to the Fab fragment of serum immunoglobulins and can be improved by increasing binding activity. The modified SpGC3 module should be suitable to extend the half-life of therapeutic proteins and, thus to improve therapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Unverdorben
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Meike Hutt
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Oliver Seifert
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roland E. Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- * E-mail:
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19
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Nanaware-Kharade N, Thakkar S, Gonzalez GA, Peterson EC. A Nanotechnology-Based Platform for Extending the Pharmacokinetic and Binding Properties of Anti-methamphetamine Antibody Fragments. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12060. [PMID: 26159352 PMCID: PMC4498229 DOI: 10.1038/srep12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To address the need for effective medications to aid in the treatment of methamphetamine (METH) abuse, we used a nanotechnology approach to customize the in vivo behavior of an anti-METH single chain antibody (scFv7F9Cys). Anti-METH scFv7F9Cys was conjugated to dendrimer nanoparticles via a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker to generate high-order conjugates termed dendribodies. We found that the high affinity (KD = 6.2 nM) and specificity for METH was unchanged after nanoparticle conjugation. The dendribodies were administered in an i.v. bolus to male Sprague Dawley rats after starting a s.c. infusion of METH. The PCKN values for clearance and volume of distribution of scFv7F9Cys after conjugation to dendrimers decreased 45 and 1.6-fold respectively, and the terminal elimination half-life increased 20-fold. Organ distribution of scFv7F9Cys and dendribody in blood and urine agreed well with the PCKN data. Renal clearance appeared to be the major route of elimination for both experimental medications. We have thus successfully developed a novel multivalent METH-binding nanomedicine by conjugating multiple anti-METH scFvs to dendrimer nanoparticles, extending the scFv half-life from 1.3 (±0.3) to 26 (±2.6) hr. These data suggest that the dendribody design could be a feasible platform for generating multivalent antibodies with customizable PCKN profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Nanaware-Kharade
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St., # 611, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
| | - Shraddha Thakkar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St., # 750, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
| | - Guillermo A Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St., # 611, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
| | - Eric C Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St., # 611, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
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20
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Walsh G. Therapeutic Antibodies. Proteins 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119117599.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Abstract
Antibody drugs have become an increasingly significant component of the therapeutic landscape. Their success has been driven by some of their unique properties, in particular their very high specificity and selectivity, in contrast to the off-target liabilities of small molecules (SMs). Antibodies can bring additional functionality to the table with their ability to interact with the immune system, and this can be further manipulated with advances in antibody engineering. This review summarizes what antibody therapeutics have achieved to date and what opportunities and challenges lie ahead. The target landscape for large molecules (LMs) versus SMs and some of the challenges for antibody drug development are discussed. Effective penetration of membrane barriers and intracellular targeting is one challenge, particularly across the highly resistant blood-brain barrier. The expanding pipeline of antibody-drug conjugates offers the potential to combine SM and LM modalities in a variety of creative ways, and antibodies also offer exciting potential to build bi- and multispecific molecules. The ability to pursue more challenging targets can also be further exploited but highlights the need for earlier screening in functional cell-based assays. I discuss how this might be addressed given the practical constraints imposed by high-throughput screening sample type and process differences in antibody primary screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. Smith
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune Ltd, Cambridge, UK
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22
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Thiviyanathan V, Gorenstein DG. Aptamers and the next generation of diagnostic reagents. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 6:563-73. [PMID: 23090891 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies have been extensively used as capture and detection reagents in diagnostic applications of proteomics-based technologies. Proteomic assays need high sensitivity and specificity, a wide dynamic range for detection, and accurate, reproducible quantification with small confidence values. However, several inherent limitations of monoclonal antibodies in meeting the emerging challenges of proteomics led to the development of a new class of oligonucleotide-based reagents. Natural and derivatized nucleic acid aptamers are emerging as promising alternatives to monoclonal antibodies. Aptamers can be effectively used to simultaneously detect thousands of proteins in multiplex discovery platforms, where antibodies often fail due to cross-reactivity problems. Through chemical modification, vast range of additional functional groups can be added at any desired position in the oligonucleotide sequence, therefore the best features of small molecule drugs, proteins, and antibodies can be brought together into aptamers, making aptamers the most versatile reagent in proteomics. In this review, we discuss the recent developments in aptamer technology, including new selection methods and the aptamers' application in proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varatharasa Thiviyanathan
- Centers for Proteomics & Systems Biology, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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23
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Pharmacokinetic studies of protein drugs: past, present and future. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1065-73. [PMID: 23541379 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Among the growing number of therapeutic proteins on the market, there is an emergence of biotherapeutics designed from our comprehension of the physiological mechanisms responsible for their peripheral and tissue pharmacokinetics. Most of them have been optimized to increase their half-life through glycosylation engineering, polyethylene glycol conjugation or Fc fusion. However, our understanding of biological drug behaviors is still its infancy compared to the huge amount of data regarding small molecular weight drugs accumulated over half a century. Unfortunately, therapeutic proteins share few resemblances with these drugs. For instance drug-targeted-mediated disposition, binding to glycoreceptors, lysosomal recycling, large hydrodynamic volume and electrostatic charge are typical critical characteristics that cannot be derived from our anterior knowledge of classical drugs. However, the numerous discoveries made in the two last decades have driven and will continue to drive new options in biochemical engineering and support the design of complex delivery systems. Most of these new developments will be supported by novel analytical methods for assessing in vitro or in vivo metabolism parameters.
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Chemical polysialylation of human recombinant butyrylcholinesterase delivers a long-acting bioscavenger for nerve agents in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:1243-8. [PMID: 23297221 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1211118110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The creation of effective bioscavengers as a pretreatment for exposure to nerve agents is a challenging medical objective. We report a recombinant method using chemical polysialylation to generate bioscavengers stable in the bloodstream. Development of a CHO-based expression system using genes encoding human butyrylcholinesterase and a proline-rich peptide under elongation factor promoter control resulted in self-assembling, active enzyme multimers. Polysialylation gives bioscavengers with enhanced pharmacokinetics which protect mice against 4.2 LD(50) of S-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl) O-isobutyl methanephosphonothioate without perturbation of long-term behavior.
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Shimizu T, Ichihara M, Yoshioka Y, Ishida T, Nakagawa S, Kiwada H. Intravenous Administration of Polyethylene Glycol-Coated (PEGylated) Proteins and PEGylated Adenovirus Elicits an Anti-PEG Immunoglobulin M Response. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:1336-42. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Subdivision of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima
| | - Masako Ichihara
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Subdivision of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima
| | - Yasuo Yoshioka
- Department of Biotechnology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Subdivision of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima
| | - Shinsaku Nakagawa
- Department of Biotechnology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Hiroshi Kiwada
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Subdivision of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima
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Chen C, Constantinou A, Deonarain M. Modulating antibody pharmacokinetics using hydrophilic polymers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8:1221-36. [PMID: 21854300 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.602399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of hydrophilic polymers as a substitute for the Fc-domain in immuno- or non-immuno-based binding proteins is accelerating. Chemical PEGylation has led the way and is still the most advanced and clinically-approved approach. Hydrophilic polymers act by maintaining a flexible conformation and hydrogen bonding to a network of water molecules to acquire a larger hydrodynamic volume and apparent mass than their actual molecular mass suggest. The benefits are increased blood half-life and bioavailability, stability and reduced immunogenicity. In the case of PEG, there is also evidence of enhanced targeting and reduced side effects, but drawbacks include the fact that PEG is non-biodegradable. AREAS COVERED This report reviews the state of the art for antibody PEGylation in terms of approaches and effects. Additionally, non-biological (such as N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) and potentially superior biological alternatives (such as polysialylation) are described, ending with recombinant approaches (such as hydrophilic peptides and glyco-engineering), which promise to circumvent the need for chemical modification altogether. EXPERT OPINION The emergence of many small, antibody fragment-like mimics will drive the need for such technologies, and PEGylation is still the choice polymer due to its established use and track record. However, there will be a place for many alternative technologies if they can match the pharmacokinetics of PEG-conjugates and bring addition beneficial features such as easier production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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27
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Zidi I, Mnif W, Bouaziz A, Amor NB. Certolizumab pegol therapy of rheumatoid arthritis: Overview. Drug Dev Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zhang B, Towers EW, Poppe L, Cockrill SL. Analytical characterization of a novel degradation product in a PEGylated recombinant protein. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:4607-16. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Boltz A, Piater B, Toleikis L, Guenther R, Kolmar H, Hock B. Bi-specific aptamers mediating tumor cell lysis. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:21896-905. [PMID: 21531729 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.238261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity plays a pivotal role in antibody-based tumor therapies and is based on the recruitment of natural killer cells to antibody-bound tumor cells via binding of the Fcγ receptor III (CD16). Here we describe the generation of chimeric DNA aptamers that simultaneously bind to CD16α and c-Met, a receptor that is overexpressed in many tumors. By application of the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) method, CD16α specific DNA aptamers were isolated that bound with high specificity and affinity (91 pm-195 nm) to their respective recombinant and cellularly expressed target proteins. Two optimized CD16α specific aptamers were coupled to each of two c-Met specific aptamers using different linkers. Bi-specific aptamers retained suitable binding properties and displayed simultaneous binding to both antigens. Moreover, they mediated cellular cytotoxicity dependent on aptamer and effector cell concentration. Displacement of a bi-specific aptamer from CD16α by competing antibody 3G8 reduced cytotoxicity and confirmed the proposed mode of action. These results represent the first gain of a tumor-effective function of two distinct oligonucleotides by linkage into a bi-specific aptamer mediating cellular cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Boltz
- Clemens-Schoepf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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30
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Bader RA, Silvers AL, Zhang N. Polysialic Acid-Based Micelles for Encapsulation of Hydrophobic Drugs. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:314-20. [DOI: 10.1021/bm1008603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Bader
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, 318 Bowne Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, United States and Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 121 Link Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Angela L. Silvers
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, 318 Bowne Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, United States and Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 121 Link Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Nan Zhang
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, 318 Bowne Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, United States and Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 121 Link Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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Flicker S, Gadermaier E, Madritsch C, Valenta R. Passive immunization with allergen-specific antibodies. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2011; 352:141-59. [PMID: 21681684 DOI: 10.1007/82_2011_143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The induction of allergen-specific IgG antibodies has been identified as a major mechanism responsible for the reduction of allergic inflammation in allergic patients treated by allergen-specific immunotherapy. Several studies suggest that allergen-specific IgG antibodies induced by vaccination with allergens block mast cell and basophil degranulation, IgE-facilitated allergen presentation to T cells and IgE production. The availability of recombinant allergens and technologies for the production of recombinant human antibodies allows engineering of allergen-specific antibodies which can be used for passive immunization (i.e., therapy) and eventually for the prevention of allergy (i.e., prophylaxis). This chapter summarizes data supporting the possible use of allergen-specific antibodies for treatment and prophylaxis. Finally, concrete approaches for the treatment and prevention of allergy based on blocking antibodies are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Flicker
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Highlighting reviews. Biotechnol Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-010-0477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Day JJ, Marquez BV, Beck HE, Aweda TA, Gawande PD, Meares CF. Chemically modified antibodies as diagnostic imaging agents. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2010; 14:803-9. [PMID: 20952245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Notable new applications of antibodies for imaging involve genetically extracting the essential molecular recognition properties of an antibody, and in some cases enhancing them by mutation, before protein expression. The classic paradigm of intravenous administration of a labeled antibody to image not only its target but also its metabolism can be improved on. Protocols involving molecular targeting with an engineered unlabeled protein derived from an antibody, followed by capture of a small probe molecule that provides a signal, are being developed to a high level of utility. This is accompanied by new strategies for probe capture such as irreversible binding, incorporation of engineered enzyme active sites, and antibody-ligand systems that generate a signal only upon binding or uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Day
- Chemistry Department, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Roll GR, Willenbring H. Transplanted nonviable human hepatocytes produce appreciable serum albumin levels in mice. Stem Cell Res 2010; 5:267-70. [PMID: 20829142 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 07/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In animal models of liver cell therapy serum human albumin levels are universally measured as a marker for the engraftment and function of transplanted human hepatocytes, or hepatocyte-like cells derived from human stem cells. However, even the most efficient cell transplantation protocols encounter a significant amount of graft cell death. If albumin released from dying cells could be detected for prolonged periods of time in the serum of the recipient, it may misleadingly suggest engraftment and function of the transplanted cells. While a half-life of approximately 20 days of human albumin in humans is established, the duration of its detectability in mice is unknown. Here we show that human albumin is readily detectable in the serum of mice injected with nonviable human hepatocytes. Human albumin levels peak 24h after injection of hepatocyte debris, and remain detectable at significant levels for at least 8 days. Our finding suggests that long-term, or in situ, analyses are needed to prove functional engraftment of human primary or stem cell-derived hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett R Roll
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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