1
|
Blázquez B, León DS, Torres-Bacete J, Gómez-Luengo Á, Kniewel R, Martínez I, Sordon S, Wilczak A, Salgado S, Huszcza E, Popłoński J, Prieto A, Nogales J. Golden Standard: a complete standard, portable, and interoperative MoClo tool for model and non-model proteobacteria. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:e98. [PMID: 37718823 PMCID: PMC10602866 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Modular cloning has become a benchmark technology in synthetic biology. However, a notable disparity exists between its remarkable development and the need for standardization to facilitate seamless interoperability among systems. The field is thus impeded by an overwhelming proliferation of organism-specific systems that frequently lack compatibility. To overcome these issues, we present Golden Standard (GS), a Type IIS assembly method underpinned by the Standard European Vector Architecture. GS unlocks modular cloning applications for most bacteria, and delivers combinatorial multi-part assembly to create genetic circuits of up to twenty transcription units (TUs). Reliance on MoClo syntax renders GS fully compatible with many existing tools and it sets the path towards efficient reusability of available part libraries and assembled TUs. GS was validated in terms of DNA assembly, portability, interoperability and phenotype engineering in α-, β-, γ- and δ-proteobacteria. Furthermore, we provide a computational pipeline for parts characterization that was used to assess the performance of GS parts. To promote community-driven development of GS, we provide a dedicated web-portal including a repository of parts, vectors, and Wizard and Setup tools that guide users in designing constructs. Overall, GS establishes an open, standardized framework propelling the progress of synthetic biology as a whole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blas Blázquez
- Department of Systems Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - David San León
- Department of Systems Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Torres-Bacete
- Department of Systems Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Gómez-Luengo
- Department of Systems Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ryan Kniewel
- Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Center-Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Igor Martínez
- Department of Systems Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Sordon
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wilczak
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sergio Salgado
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Center-Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ewa Huszcza
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jarosław Popłoński
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Auxiliadora Prieto
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Center-Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Nogales
- Department of Systems Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang M, Gong Z, Tang J, Lu F, Li Q, Zhang X. Improving astaxanthin production in Escherichia coli by co-utilizing CrtZ enzymes with different substrate preference. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:71. [PMID: 35468798 PMCID: PMC9036794 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The bifunctional enzyme β-carotene hydroxylase (CrtZ) catalyzes the hydroxylation of carotenoid β-ionone rings at the 3, 3’ position regardless of the presence of keto group at 4, 4’ position, which is an important step in the synthesis of astaxanthin. The level and substrate preference of CrtZ may have great effect on the amount of astaxanthin and the accumulation of intermediates. Results In this study, the substrate preference of PCcrtZ from Paracoccus sp. PC1 and PAcrtZ from Pantoea Agglomerans were certified and were combined utilization for increase astaxanthin production. Firstly, PCcrtZ from Paracoccus sp. PC1 and PAcrtZ from P. Agglomerans were expressed in platform strains CAR032 (β-carotene producing strain) and Can004 (canthaxanthin producing strain) separately to identify their substrate preference for carotenoids with keto groups at 4,4’ position or not. The results showed that PCcrtZ led to a lower zeaxanthin yield in CAR032 compared to that of PAcrtZ. On the contrary, higher astaxanthin production was obtained in Can004 by PCcrtZ than that of PAcrtZ. This demonstrated that PCCrtZ has higher canthaxanthin to astaxanthin conversion ability than PACrtZ, while PACrtZ prefer using β-carotene as substrate. Finally, Ast010, which has two copies of PAcrtZ and one copy of PCcrtZ produced 1.82 g/L of astaxanthin after 70 h of fed-batch fermentation. Conclusions Combined utilization of crtZ genes, which have β-carotene and canthaxanthin substrate preference respectively, can greatly enhance the production of astaxanthin and increase the ratio of astaxanthin among total carotenoids. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01798-1.
Collapse
|
3
|
Lv X, Wu Y, Gong M, Deng J, Gu Y, Liu Y, Li J, Du G, Ledesma-Amaro R, Liu L, Chen J. Synthetic biology for future food: Research progress and future directions. FUTURE FOODS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
|
4
|
Jing Y, Guo F, Zhang S, Dong W, Zhou J, Xin F, Zhang W, Jiang M. Recent Advances on Biological Synthesis of Lycopene by Using Industrial Yeast. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
| | - Feng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
| | - Shangjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
| | - Fengxue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Autenrieth C, Ghosh R. The Methoxylated, Highly Conjugated C 40 Carotenoids, Spirilloxanthin and Anhydrorhodovibrin, Can Be Separated Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Safe and Environmentally Friendly Solvents. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9020020. [PMID: 30682824 PMCID: PMC6410002 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a frequently used technique in carotenoid research. So far, however, little attention has been paid to the fact that many of the organic solvents used in HPLC separation of highly apolar C40 carotenoids impose a significant threat to both health (especially for women) and the general laboratory environment. Here, we developed a solvent combination capable of allowing high-resolution HPLC separation of the C40 carotenoid, spirilloxanthin, and all of its biosynthetic precursors beginning with phytoene, using relatively safe, environmentally friendly solvents. We show that separation of spirilloxanthin and its precursors anhydrorhodovibrin and lycopene using modern ultra-high performance chromatography (UHPLC) poses particular problems for apolar carotenoid separation, due to the long residence times in the sample delivery system, which facilitates carotenoid aggregation. We resolved these problems by developing the solvent delivery combination acetone/acetonitrile/isopropanol/methanol (65/30/5/2 (v/v/v/v)), which allows excellent column separation using the safe isocratic solvent system methanol/tetrahydrofuran (98/2 (v/v)). We also demonstrate that the development strategy for optimizing a solvent system for carotenoid separation can be well-described by the use of the average dielectric constant of the total sample delivery solvent, and present a formal method for analysis of the efficiency of separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Autenrieth
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Robin Ghosh
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Multicopy integrants of crt genes and co-expression of AMP deaminase improve lycopene production in Yarrowia lipolytica. J Biotechnol 2019; 289:46-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
7
|
Floc'h K, Lacroix F, Barbieri L, Servant P, Galland R, Butler C, Sibarita JB, Bourgeois D, Timmins J. Bacterial cell wall nanoimaging by autoblinking microscopy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14038. [PMID: 30232348 PMCID: PMC6145920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Spurious blinking fluorescent spots are often seen in bacteria during single-molecule localization microscopy experiments. Although this 'autoblinking' phenomenon is widespread, its origin remains unclear. In Deinococcus strains, we observed particularly strong autoblinking at the periphery of the bacteria, facilitating its comprehensive characterization. A systematic evaluation of the contributions of different components of the sample environment to autoblinking levels and the in-depth analysis of the photophysical properties of autoblinking molecules indicate that the phenomenon results from transient binding of fluorophores originating mostly from the growth medium to the bacterial cell wall, which produces single-molecule fluorescence through a Point Accumulation for Imaging in Nanoscale Topography (PAINT) mechanism. Our data suggest that the autoblinking molecules preferentially bind to the plasma membrane of bacterial cells. Autoblinking microscopy was used to acquire nanoscale images of live, unlabeled D. radiodurans and could be combined with PALM imaging of PAmCherry-labeled bacteria in two-color experiments. Autoblinking-based super-resolved images provided insight into the formation of septa in dividing bacteria and revealed heterogeneities in the distribution and dynamics of autoblinking molecules within the cell wall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Floc'h
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Pascale Servant
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Remi Galland
- Institut Interdisciplinaire de Neurosciences, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Corey Butler
- Institut Interdisciplinaire de Neurosciences, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Sibarita
- Institut Interdisciplinaire de Neurosciences, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5297, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Joanna Timmins
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Y, Wang G. Strategies of isoprenoids production in engineered bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:932-40. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Li
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering; Shenyang University of Chemical Technology; Shenyang China
| | - G. Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jian X, Zhou S, Zhang C, Hua Q. In silico identification of gene amplification targets based on analysis of production and growth coupling. Biosystems 2016; 145:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
10
|
Turpin W, Renaud C, Avallone S, Hammoumi A, Guyot JP, Humblot C. PCR of crtNM combined with analytical biochemistry: An efficient way to identify carotenoid producing lactic acid bacteria. Syst Appl Microbiol 2016; 39:115-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
11
|
Lycopene production in recombinant strains of Escherichia coli is improved by knockout of the central carbon metabolism gene coding for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 35:2137-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
12
|
Heterologous carotenoid-biosynthetic enzymes: functional complementation and effects on carotenoid profiles in Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 79:610-8. [PMID: 23144136 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02556-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A limited number of carotenoid pathway genes from microbial sources have been studied for analyzing the pathway complementation in the heterologous host Escherichia coli. In order to systematically investigate the functionality of carotenoid pathway enzymes in E. coli, the pathway genes of carotenogenic microorganisms (Brevibacterium linens, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Rhodobacter capsulatus, Rhodopirellula baltica, and Pantoea ananatis) were modified to form synthetic expression modules and then were complemented with Pantoea agglomerans pathway enzymes (CrtE, CrtB, CrtI, CrtY, and CrtZ). The carotenogenic pathway enzymes in the synthetic modules showed unusual activities when complemented with E. coli. For example, the expression of heterologous CrtEs of B. linens, C. glutamicum, and R. baltica influenced P. agglomerans CrtI to convert its substrate phytoene into a rare product-3,4,3',4'-tetradehydrolycopene-along with lycopene, which was an expected product, indicating that CrtE, the first enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, can influence carotenoid profiles. In addition, CrtIs of R. sphaeroides and R. capsulatus converted phytoene into an unusual lycopene as well as into neurosporene. Thus, this study shows that the functional complementation of pathway enzymes from different sources is a useful methodology for diversifying biosynthesis as nature does.
Collapse
|
13
|
High-level production of the industrial product lycopene by the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:7205-15. [PMID: 22865070 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00545-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of the major carotenoid spirilloxanthin by the purple nonsulfur bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum is thought to occur via a linear pathway proceeding through phytoene and, later, lycopene as intermediates. This assumption is based solely on early chemical evidence (B. H. Davies, Biochem. J. 116:93-99, 1970). In most purple bacteria, the desaturation of phytoene, catalyzed by the enzyme phytoene desaturase (CrtI), leads to neurosporene, involving only three dehydrogenation steps and not four as in the case of lycopene. We show here that the chromosomal insertion of a kanamycin resistance cassette into the crtC-crtD region of the partial carotenoid gene cluster, whose gene products are responsible for the downstream processing of lycopene, leads to the accumulation of the latter as the major carotenoid. We provide spectroscopic and biochemical evidence that in vivo, lycopene is incorporated into the light-harvesting complex 1 as efficiently as the methoxylated carotenoids spirilloxanthin (in the wild type) and 3,4,3',4'-tetrahydrospirilloxanthin (in a crtD mutant), both under semiaerobic, chemoheterotrophic, and photosynthetic, anaerobic conditions. Quantitative growth experiments conducted in dark, semiaerobic conditions, using a growth medium for high cell density and high intracellular membrane levels, which are suitable for the conventional industrial production in the absence of light, yielded lycopene at up to 2 mg/g (dry weight) of cells or up to 15 mg/liter of culture. These values are comparable to those of many previously described Escherichia coli strains engineered for lycopene production. This study provides the first genetic proof that the R. rubrum CrtI produces lycopene exclusively as an end product.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang J, Lu L, Yin L, Xie S, Xiao M. Carotenogenesis gene cluster and phytoene desaturase catalyzing both three- and four-step desaturations from Rhodobacter azotoformans. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2012; 333:138-45. [PMID: 22640029 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2012.02604.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A carotenogenesis gene cluster from the purple nonsulfur photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter azotoformans CGMCC 6086 was cloned. A total of eight carotenogenesis genes ( crtA , crtI , crtB , tspO , crtC , crtD , crtE , and crtF ) were located in two separate regions within the genome, a 4.9 kb region containing four clustered genes of crtAIB - tspO and a 5.3 kb region containing four clustered genes of crtCDEF . The organization was unusual for a carotenogenesis gene cluster in purple photosynthetic bacteria. A gene encoding phytoene desaturase ( CrtI ) from Rba. azotoformans was expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant CrtI could catalyze both three- and four-step desaturations of phytoene to produce neurosporene and lycopene, and the relative contents of neurosporene and lycopene formed by CrtI were approximately 23% and 75%, respectively. Even small amounts of five-step desaturated 3,4-didehydrolycopene could be produced by CrtI . This product pattern was novel because CrtI produced only neurosporene leading to spheroidene pathway in the cells of Rba. azotoformans. In the in vitro reaction, the relative content of lycopene in desaturated products increased from 19.6% to 62.5% when phytoene reduced from 2.6 to 0.13 μM. The results revealed that the product pattern of CrtI might be affected by the kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zhang
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|