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Yu M, Qiu Y, Chen W, Zhao F, Shao J. Action modes of recombinant endocellulase, EGA, and its domains on cotton fabrics. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:1615-22. [PMID: 25975370 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The action modes of an endocellulase, EGA, and its domains (CD9 and CBM3) during enzymatic treatment of cotton fabrics were investigated. RESULTS EGA, CD9 and CBM3 had the binding capacity to cellulose substrates, of which the filter paper was the substrate with the strongest binding capacity. Analyses of scanning electronic microscopy indicated that EGA and its catalytic domain CD9 etched the surface of cotton fabrics and broke the fibers of long chains. On the other hand, the binding domain CBM3 only resulted in swelling of cotton fibers. Both EGA and its catalytic domain CD9 had minimal effect on the weight loss of cotton fabrics, whereas the effect of EGA and CD9 on the degree of polymerization and breaking strength was significant. After 12 h enzymatic action, the values of weight loss ratio for EGA and CD9 were 2.07 and 2.21 %, respectively, meanwhile the reductions in fabric strength were 27.04 % for EGA and 17.23 % for CD9. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the action of EGA and CD9, CBM3 showed no significant changes in terms of the weight loss ratio, degree of polymerization, and fabric strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilan Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
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Wang Z, Li X, Wang W, Zhang W, Yu L, Hu D, Song B. Interaction research on the antiviral molecule dufulin targeting on southern rice black streaked dwarf virus p9-1 nonstructural protein. Viruses 2015; 7:1454-73. [PMID: 25807053 PMCID: PMC4379580 DOI: 10.3390/v7031454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Southern rice black streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) causes severe harm to rice production. Unfortunately, studies on effective antiviral drugs against SRBSDV and interaction mechanism of antiviral molecule targeting on SRBSDV have not been reported. This study found dufulin (DFL), an ideal anti-SRBSDV molecule, and investigated the interactions of DFL targeting on the nonstructural protein P9-1. The biological sequence information and bonding characterization of DFL to four kinds of P9-1 protein were described with fluorescence titration (FT) and microscale thermophoresis (MST) assays. The sequence analysis indicated that P9-1 had highly-conserved C- and N-terminal amino acid residues and a hypervariable region that differed from 131 aa to 160 aa. Consequently, wild-type (WT-His-P9-1), 23 C-terminal residues truncated (TR-ΔC23-His-P9-1), 6 N-terminal residues truncated (TR-ΔN6-His-P9-1), and Ser138 site-directed (MU-138-His-P9-1) mutant proteins were expressed. The FT and MST assay results indicated that DFL bounded to WT-His-P9-1 with micromole affinity and the 23 C-terminal amino acids were the potential targeting site. This system, which combines a complete sequence analysis, mutant protein expression, and binding action evaluating system, could further advance the understanding of the interaction abilities between antiviral drugs and their targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Xiangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Wenli Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Weiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Lu Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Baoan Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Shi W, Xie S, Chen X, Sun S, Zhou X, Liu L, Gao P, Kyrpides NC, No EG, Yuan JS. Comparative genomic analysis of the microbiome [corrected] of herbivorous insects reveals eco-environmental adaptations: biotechnology applications. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003131. [PMID: 23326236 PMCID: PMC3542064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metagenome analysis of the gut symbionts of three different insects was conducted as a means of comparing taxonomic and metabolic diversity of gut microbiomes to diet and life history of the insect hosts. A second goal was the discovery of novel biocatalysts for biorefinery applications. Grasshopper and cutworm gut symbionts were sequenced and compared with the previously identified metagenome of termite gut microbiota. These insect hosts represent three different insect orders and specialize on different food types. The comparative analysis revealed dramatic differences among the three insect species in the abundance and taxonomic composition of the symbiont populations present in the gut. The composition and abundance of symbionts was correlated with their previously identified capacity to degrade and utilize the different types of food consumed by their hosts. The metabolic reconstruction revealed that the gut metabolome of cutworms and grasshoppers was more enriched for genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and transport than wood-feeding termite, whereas the termite gut metabolome was enriched for glycosyl hydrolase (GH) enzymes relevant to lignocellulosic biomass degradation. Moreover, termite gut metabolome was more enriched with nitrogen fixation genes than those of grasshopper and cutworm gut, presumably due to the termite's adaptation to the high fiber and less nutritious food types. In order to evaluate and exploit the insect symbionts for biotechnology applications, we cloned and further characterized four biomass-degrading enzymes including one endoglucanase and one xylanase from both the grasshopper and cutworm gut symbionts. The results indicated that the grasshopper symbiont enzymes were generally more efficient in biomass degradation than the homologous enzymes from cutworm symbionts. Together, these results demonstrated a correlation between the composition and putative metabolic functionality of the gut microbiome and host diet, and suggested that this relationship could be exploited for the discovery of symbionts and biocatalysts useful for biorefinery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibing Shi
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shangxian Xie
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xueyan Chen
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Su Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xin Zhou
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lantao Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nikos C. Kyrpides
- DOE Joint Genomes Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America
| | - En-Gyu No
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joshua S. Yuan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Byrt CS, Cahyanegara R, Grof CPL. Plant carbohydrate binding module enhances activity of hybrid microbial cellulase enzyme. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:254. [PMID: 23181066 PMCID: PMC3501001 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic, highly active cellulase enzyme suitable for in planta production may be a valuable tool for biotechnological approaches to develop transgenic biofuel crops with improved digestibility. Here, we demonstrate that the addition of a plant derived carbohydrate binding module (CBM) to a synthetic glycosyl hydrolase improved the activity of the hydrolase in releasing sugar from plant biomass. A CEL-HYB1-CBM enzyme was generated by fusing a hybrid microbial cellulase, CEL-HYB1, with the CBM of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) SlCel9C1 cellulase. CEL-HYB1 and CEL-HYB1-CBM enzymes were produced in vitro using Pichia pastoris and the activity of these enzymes was tested using carboxymethylcellulose, MUC, and native crystalline cellulose assays. The presence of the CBM substantially improved the endoglucanase activity of CEL-HYB1, especially against the native crystalline cellulose encountered in Sorghum bicolor plant cell walls. These results indicate that addition of an endogenous plant derived CBM to cellulase enzymes may enhance hydrolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin S. Byrt
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, Waite Campus, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of NewcastleNewcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ricky Cahyanegara
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of NewcastleNewcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher P. L. Grof
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of NewcastleNewcastle, NSW, Australia
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