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Li H, Zhao P, Li S, Guo J, Hao D. Trial and error: New insights into recombinant expression of membrane-bound insect cytochromes P450 in Escherichia coli systems. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133183. [PMID: 38897522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Insect cytochromes P450 (CYP450s) are key enzymes responsible for a wide array of oxidative transformations of both endogenous and exogenous substrates. However, there is currently no a universal guideline established for heterologous expression of membrane-bound CYP450s, which hampers their downstream biochemical and structural studies. In this study, we conducted large-scale screening of protein overexpression in Escherichia coli using 71 insect CYP450 sequences and optimized the expression of a difficult-to-express CYP450 (CYP6HX3) using eight different optimizations, including selection of host strains and expression vectors, alternative of leader signal peptides, and N-terminal modifications. We confirmed that 1) Only insect CYP450s belonging to the CYP347 family could be expressed with N-terminal fusion of ompA2+ signal peptide in E. coli expression system. 2) E. coli Lemo 21 (DE3) effectively improved the expression of CYP6HX3 in the plasma membrane. 3) A brick-red appearance occurred frequently in the expressed thallus or membrane proteins, but this phenomenon could not necessarily indicate successful overexpression of target CYP450s. These findings provide new insights into the recombinant expression of insect CYP450s in E. coli systems and will facilitate the theoretical approaches for functional expression and production of eukaryotic CYP450s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Peiyuan Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Shouyin Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jinyan Guo
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Dejun Hao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
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Zhang Y, Xu Z, Xiao Y, Jiang H, Zuo X, Li X, Fang X. Structural mechanisms for binding and activation of a contact-quenched fluorophore by RhoBAST. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4206. [PMID: 38760339 PMCID: PMC11101630 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The fluorescent light-up aptamer RhoBAST, which binds and activates the fluorophore-quencher conjugate tetramethylrhodamine-dinitroaniline with high affinity, super high brightness, remarkable photostability, and fast exchange kinetics, exhibits excellent performance in super-resolution RNA imaging. Here we determine the co-crystal structure of RhoBAST in complex with tetramethylrhodamine-dinitroaniline to elucidate the molecular basis for ligand binding and fluorescence activation. The structure exhibits an asymmetric "A"-like architecture for RhoBAST with a semi-open binding pocket harboring the xanthene of tetramethylrhodamine at the tip, while the dinitroaniline quencher stacks over the phenyl of tetramethylrhodamine instead of being fully released. Molecular dynamics simulations show highly heterogeneous conformational ensembles with the contact-but-unstacked fluorophore-quencher conformation for both free and bound tetramethylrhodamine-dinitroaniline being predominant. The simulations also show that, upon RNA binding, the fraction of xanthene-dinitroaniline stacked conformation significantly decreases in free tetramethylrhodamine-dinitroaniline. This highlights the importance of releasing dinitroaniline from xanthene tetramethylrhodamine to unquench the RhoBAST-tetramethylrhodamine-dinitroaniline complex. Using SAXS and ITC, we characterized the magnesium dependency of the folding and binding mode of RhoBAST in solution and indicated its strong structural robustness. The structures and binding modes of relevant fluorescent light-up aptamers are compared, providing mechanistic insights for rational design and optimization of this important fluorescent light-up aptamer-ligand system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghe Xu
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haodong Jiang
- Institute of Zoology, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Zuo
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Xing Li
- Institute of Zoology, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xianyang Fang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Xu J, Yang J, Jiang Y, Wu M, Yang S, Yang L. A novel global transcriptional perturbation target identified by forward genetics reprograms Vibrio natriegens for improving recombinant protein production. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1124-1133. [PMID: 34169308 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio natriegens is known to be the fastest-growing free-living bacterium with the potential to be a novel protein expression system other than Escherichia coli. Seven sampled genes of interest (GOIs) encoding biocatalyst enzymes, including Ochrobactrum anthropi-derived ω-transaminase (OATA), were strongly expressed in E. coli but weakly in V. natriegens using the pET expression system. In this study, we fused the C-terminal of OATA with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and obtained V. natriegens mutants that could increase both protein yield and enzyme activity of OATA as well as the other three GOIs by ultraviolet mutagenesis, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and OATA colorimetric assay. Furthermore, next-generation sequencing and strain reconstruction revealed that the Y457 variants in the conserved site of endogenous RNA polymerase (RNAP) β' subunit rpoC are responsible for the increase in recombinant protein yield. We speculated that the mutation of rpoC Y457 may reprogram V. natriegens's innate gene transcription, thereby increasing the copy number of pET plasmids and soluble protein yield of certain GOIs. The increase in GOI expression may partly be attributed to the increase in copy number. In conclusion, GOI-GFP fusion combined with FACS is a powerful tool of forward genetics that can be used to obtain a superior expression chassis. If more high-expression-related targets are found for more GOIs, it would make the construction of next-generation protein expression chassis more time-saving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Huzhou Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Huzhou 313000, China
- Shanghai Taoyusheng Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Shanghai 201201, China
| | - Mianbin Wu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Huzhou Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Huzhou 313000, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lirong Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
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4
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Wang X, Fang Z, Li Z, Ying W, Chen D, He H, Peng X. R-phycoerythrin proteins@ZIF-8 composite thin films for mercury ion detection. Analyst 2019; 144:3892-3897. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent R-phycoerythrin proteins were encapsulated into ZIF-8 thin films for colorimetric detection of mercury ions with high sensitivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Zhishan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Zhuoyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Wen Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Danke Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Haiping He
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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Wang X, Guo Y, Li Z, Ying W, Chen D, Deng Z, Peng X. Dual emission from nanoconfined R-phycoerythrin fluorescent proteins for white light emission diodes. RSC Adv 2019; 9:9777-9782. [PMID: 35520706 PMCID: PMC9062197 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00161a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile strategy to encapsulate R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) proteins and CdSexS1−x/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) in ZIF-8 thin films is developed through a one-pot solid-confinement conversion process. The resultant R-PE/CdSexS1−x/ZnS@ZIF-8 thin film exhibits high-quality white light emission and good thermal stability up to 80 °C. The nanoconfined R-phycoerythrin protein in ZIF-8 shows dual color emissions and exhibits high-quality white light emission and good thermal stability.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Yi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Zhuoyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Wen Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Danke Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Zheng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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Wang J, Ma W, Wang Y, Lin L, Wang T, Wang Y, Li Y, Wang X. Deletion of 76 genes relevant to flagella and pili formation to facilitate polyhydroxyalkanoate production in Pseudomonas putida. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:10523-10539. [PMID: 30338358 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida KT2442, a natural producer of polyhydroxyalkanoate, spends a lot of energy and carbon sources to form flagella and pili; therefore, deleting the genes involved in the biosynthesis and assembly of flagella and pili might improve PHA productivity. In this study, two novel deletion systems were constructed in order to efficiently remove the 76 genes involved in the biosynthesis and assembly of flagella and pili in P. putida KT2442. Both systems combine suicide-plasmid-based homologous recombination and mutant lox site-specific recombination and involve three plasmids. The first includes pK18mobsacB, pWJW101, and pWJW102; and the second includes pZJD29c, pDTW202, and pWJW103. These newly constructed systems were successfully used to remove different gene clusters in P. putida KT2442 and showed a high deletion efficiency (above 90%) whether for the second-round or the third-round recombination. Both systems could efficiently delete the gene PP4378 encoding flagellin in putida KT2442, resulting in the mutant strain WJPP01. The second system was used to remove the pili-forming gene cluster PP2357-PP2363 in putida KT2442, resulting in the mutant strain WJPP02, and also used to remove the flagella-forming gene cluster PP4329-PP4397 in WJPP02, resulting in the mutant strain WJPP03. Compared with the wild-type KT2442, the 1.2% genome reduction mutant WJPP03 grew faster, lacked flagella and motility, showed sharply decreased biofilm and 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP), but accumulated more polyhydroxyalkanoate. The biomass, polyhydroxyalkanoate yield, and content of WJPP03 increased 19.1, 73.4, and 45.6%, respectively, with sodium hexanoate supplementation, and also increased 11.4, 53.6, and 37.9%, respectively, with lauric acid supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wenjian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yuzhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yuqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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8
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Hoogenkamp MA, Crielaard W, Krom BP. Uses and limitations of green fluorescent protein as a viability marker in Enterococcus faecalis: An observational investigation. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 115:57-63. [PMID: 26015063 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Enterococci are capable of producing biofilms that are notoriously difficult to treat and remove, for instance in root canal infections. The tenacious nature of these organisms makes screening of known and novel antimicrobial compounds necessary. While traditionally growth and fluorescence-based screening methods have proven useful, these methods have their limitations when applied to enterococci (e.g. time consuming, no kinetic data, diffusion properties of the fluorescent dyes). The aim of this study was to develop and validate a GFP-based high-throughput screening system to assess the bactericidal activity of a broad range of antimicrobial agents on Enterococcus faecalis and its biofilms. The effect of antimicrobial compounds on cell viability and GFP fluorescence of enterococcal planktonic and biofilm cells was determined using colony forming unit counts, fluorescence spectrophotometry and real-time imaging devices. There was a linear correlation between cell viability and GFP fluorescence. The intensity of the GFP signal was effected by the extracellular pH. For a range of antimicrobials however, there was no correlation between these two parameters. In contrast, for oxidizing agents such as sodium hypochlorite, the antimicrobial of choice for root canal disinfection, there was a correlation between loss of fluorescence and loss of viability. To conclude, the use of a GFP-based system to monitor the antimicrobial activity of compounds on E. faecalis is possible despite significant limitations. This approach is useful for analysis of susceptibility to oxidizing agents. Using real-time measuring devices to follow GFP fluorescence it should be possible to investigate the mode of action and rate of diffusion of oxidizing agents in E. faecalis biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel A Hoogenkamp
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Wim Crielaard
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan P Krom
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lieder S, Nikel PI, de Lorenzo V, Takors R. Genome reduction boosts heterologous gene expression in Pseudomonas putida. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:23. [PMID: 25890048 PMCID: PMC4352270 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The implementation of novel platform organisms to be used as microbial cell factories in industrial applications is currently the subject of intense research. Ongoing efforts include the adoption of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 variants with a reduced genome as the functional chassis for biotechnological purposes. In these strains, dispensable functions removed include flagellar motility (1.1% of the genome) and a number of open reading frames expected to improve genotypic and phenotypic stability of the cells upon deletion (3.2% of the genome). RESULTS In this study, two previously constructed multiple-deletion P. putida strains were systematically evaluated as microbial cell factories for heterologous protein production and compared to the parental bacterium (strain KT2440) with regards to several industrially-relevant physiological traits. Energetic parameters were quantified at different controlled growth rates in continuous cultivations and both strains had a higher adenosine triphosphate content, increased adenylate energy charges, and diminished maintenance demands than the wild-type strain. Under all the conditions tested the mutants also grew faster, had enhanced biomass yields and showed higher viability, and displayed increased plasmid stability than the parental strain. In addition to small-scale shaken-flask cultivations, the performance of the genome-streamlined strains was evaluated in larger scale bioreactor batch cultivations taking a step towards industrial growth conditions. When the production of the green fluorescent protein (used as a model heterologous protein) was assessed in these cultures, the mutants reached a recombinant protein yield with respect to biomass up to 40% higher than that of P. putida KT2440. CONCLUSIONS The two streamlined-genome derivatives of P. putida KT2440 outcompeted the parental strain in every industrially-relevant trait assessed, particularly under the working conditions of a bioreactor. Our results demonstrate that these genome-streamlined bacteria are not only robust microbial cell factories on their own, but also a promising foundation for further biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lieder
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Program, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), C/Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Víctor de Lorenzo
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Program, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), C/Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ralf Takors
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Flow cytometric analysis of E. coli on agar plates: implications for recombinant protein production. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:1485-94. [PMID: 24652548 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant protein production in bacterial hosts is a commercially important process in the pharmaceutical industry. Optimisation of such processes is of critical importance for process productivity and reproducibility. Here, flow cytometry methods were developed to assess characteristics of bacteria during two process steps that are infrequently studied: agar plate culture and liquid culture set-up. During storage on agar plates, three discrete populations of varying green fluorescence intensity were observed along with a progressive shift of cells from the high green fluorescence population to an intermediate green fluorescence population, observed to be due formation of amyloid inclusion bodies. The dynamics of cellular fluorescence and scatter properties upon setup of liquid cultures were also assessed. These methods have the potential to improve the development of fermentation set-up, a currently little-understood area.
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Gingras A, Sarette J, Shawler E, Lee T, Freund S, Holwitt E, Hicks BW. Fluorescent proteins as biosensors by quenching resonance energy transfer from endogenous tryptophan: Detection of nitroaromatic explosives. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 48:251-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Gawthorne JA, Reddick LE, Akpunarlieva SN, Beckham KSH, Christie JM, Alto NM, Gabrielsen M, Roe AJ. Express your LOV: an engineered flavoprotein as a reporter for protein expression and purification. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52962. [PMID: 23300834 PMCID: PMC3531456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we describe the utility of Light, Oxygen, or Voltage-sensing (LOV) flavoprotein domains from plant phototropins as a reporter for protein expression and function. Specifically, we used iLOV, an enhanced and more photostable variant of LOV. A pET-based plasmid for protein expression was constructed, encoding a C terminal iLOV-octahistidine (His8)-tag and a HRV 3C protease cleavage recognition site. Ten different proteins, with various sub-cellular locations, were cloned into the plasmid, creating iLOV-His8 tag fusions. To test protein expression and how iLOV could be used as a reporter, the proteins were expressed in three different cell lines, in four different culture media, at two different temperatures. To establish whether the presence of the iLOV tag could have an impact on the functionality, one of the proteins, EspG, was over-expressed and purified. EspG is an "effector" protein normally produced by enterohemorrhagic E. coli strains and "injected" into host cells via the T3SS. We tested functionality of EspG-iLOV fusion by performing functional studies of EspG in mammalian host cells. When EspG-iLOV was microinjected into the host cell, the Golgi apparatus was completely disrupted as had previously been observed for EspG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayde A. Gawthorne
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - L. Evan Reddick
- Molecular Microbiology Department, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Snezhana N. Akpunarlieva
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine S. H. Beckham
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - John M. Christie
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Neal M. Alto
- Molecular Microbiology Department, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Andrew J. Roe
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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