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Ito T, Wang H, Hwang SH, Wang B, Wang L, G S. Risk assessment for biopharmaceutical single-use manufacturing: A case study of upstream continuous processing. Biologicals 2023; 84:101713. [PMID: 37793309 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2023.101713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current transition to intensified upstream processing, the risks of adopting traditional single-use systems for high-titer, long-duration perfusion cultures, have thus far not been considered. This case study uses the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method to evaluate the risks associated with implementing upstream single-use technology. The simulated model process was used to compare the risk level of single-use technology for a traditional fed-batch cell culture with that for perfusion culture, under the same annual protein production conditions. To provide a reasonable source of potential risk for FMEA, all single-use upstream operations for both fed-batch and perfusion processes were investigated using an analytical method developed to quantify the impact of process parameters and operating conditions on single-use system specifications and to ensure objectivity. Many of the risks and their levels, were similar in long-duration perfusion cultures and fed-batch cultures. However, differences were observed for high-risk components such as daily sampling and installation. The result of this analysis indicates that the reasons for risk are different for fed-batch cultures and perfusion cultures such as larger bioreactors in fed-batch and longer runs in perfusion, respectively. This risk assessment method could identify additional control measures and be part of a holistic contamination control strategy and help visualize their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Ito
- Merck Ltd., An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Japan, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan.
| | - Hui Wang
- Merck Chemicals (Shanghai) Co Ltd., An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Shanghai, 200126, China
| | - Soon-Hwa Hwang
- Merck Ltd., An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Korea, Seoul, 06178, South Korea
| | - Bin Wang
- Merck Chemicals (Shanghai) Co Ltd., An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Shanghai, 200126, China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Merck Chemicals (Shanghai) Co Ltd., An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Shanghai, 200126, China
| | - Somasundaram G
- Merck Pte. Ltd, An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Singapore, 118222, Singapore
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Brantley TJ, Mitchelson FG, Khattak SF. A class of low-cost alternatives to kifunensine for increasing high mannose N-linked glycosylation for monoclonal antibody production in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 37:e3076. [PMID: 32888259 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies is an important product quality attribute for drug safety and efficacy. An increase in the percent of high mannose N-linked glycosylation may be required for drug efficacy or to match the glycosylation profile of the innovator drug during the development of a biosimilar. In this study, the addition of several chemical additives to a cell culture process resulted in high mannose N-glycans on monoclonal antibodies produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells without impacting cell culture performance. The additives, which include known mannosidase inhibitors (kifunensine and deoxymannojirimycin) as well as novel inhibitors (tris, bis-tris, and 1-amino-1-methyl-1,3-propanediol), contain one similar molecular structure: 2-amino-1,3-propanediol, commonly referred to as serinol. The shared chemical structure provides insight into the binding and inhibition of mannosidase in CHO cells. One of the novel inhibitors, tris, is safer compared to kifunensine, 35x as cost-effective, and stable at room temperature. In addition, tris and bis-tris provide multiple low-cost alternatives to kifunensine for manipulating glycosylation in monoclonal antibody production in a cell culture process with minimal impact to productivity or cell health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Brantley
- Cell Culture Development, Pharmaceutical Operations and Technology, Biogen Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fernie G Mitchelson
- Manufacturing Sciences, Pharmaceutical Operations and Technology, Biogen Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarwat F Khattak
- Cell Culture Development, Pharmaceutical Operations and Technology, Biogen Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Bai Y, Moo-Young M, Anderson WA. Characterization of power input and its impact on mass transfer in a rocking disposable bioreactor. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.115183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Kshirsagar R, Ryll T. Innovation in Cell Banking, Expansion, and Production Culture. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:51-74. [PMID: 29637222 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell culture-based production processes enable the development and commercial supply of recombinant protein products. Such processes consist of the following elements: thaw and initiation of culture, seed expansion, and production culture. A robust cell source storage system in the form of a cell bank is developed and cells are thawed to initiate the cell culture process. Seed culture expansion generates sufficient cell mass to initiate the production culture. The production culture provides an environment where the cells can synthesize the product and is optimized to deliver the highest possible product concentration with acceptable product quality. This chapter describes the significant innovations made in these process elements and the resulting improvements in the overall efficiency, robustness, and safety of the processes and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Kshirsagar
- Technical Development, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Thomas Ryll
- Technical Operations, ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA.
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Chauhan G, Schmelzer AE. A novel cholesterol/lipid delivery system for murine myeloma cell lines. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:795-803. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Chauhan
- Department of Cell Culture and Fermentation SciencesMedImmune, One Medimmune WayGaithersburg MD20878
| | - Albert E. Schmelzer
- Department of Cell Culture and Fermentation SciencesMedImmune, One Medimmune WayGaithersburg MD20878
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Löffelholz C, Kaiser SC, Kraume M, Eibl R, Eibl D. Dynamic Single-Use Bioreactors Used in Modern Liter- and m(3)- Scale Biotechnological Processes: Engineering Characteristics and Scaling Up. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 138:1-44. [PMID: 23609177 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
During the past 10 years, single-use bioreactors have been well accepted in modern biopharmaceutical production processes targeting high-value products. Up to now, such processes have mainly been small- or medium-scale mammalian cell culture-based seed inoculum, vaccine or antibody productions. However, recently first attempts have been made to modify existing single-use bioreactors for the cultivation of plant cells and tissue cultures, and microorganisms. This has even led to the development of new single-use bioreactor types. Moreover, due to safety issues it has become clear that single-use bioreactors are the "must have" for expanding human stem cells delivering cell therapeutics, the biopharmaceuticals of the next generation. So it comes as no surprise that numerous different dynamic single-use bioreactor types, which are suitable for a wide range of applications, already dominate the market today. Bioreactor working principles, main applications, and bioengineering data are presented in this review, based on a current overview of greater than milliliter-scale, commercially available, dynamic single-use bioreactors. The focus is on stirred versions, which are omnipresent in R&D and manufacturing, and in particular Sartorius Stedim's BIOSTAT family. Finally, we examine development trends for single-use bioreactors, after discussing proven approaches for fast scaling-up processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Löffelholz
- School of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Institute of Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland,
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Junne S, Solymosi T, Oosterhuis N, Neubauer P. Cultivation of Cells and Microorganisms in Wave-Mixed Disposable Bag Bioreactors at Different Scales. CHEM-ING-TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201200149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Shukla AA, Gottschalk U. Single-use disposable technologies for biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Trends Biotechnol 2012. [PMID: 23178074 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The manufacture of protein biopharmaceuticals is conducted under current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) and involves multiple unit operations for upstream production and downstream purification. Until recently, production facilities relied on the use of relatively inflexible, hard-piped equipment including large stainless steel bioreactors and tanks to hold product intermediates and buffers. However, there is an increasing trend towards the adoption of single-use technologies across the manufacturing process. Technical advances have now made an end-to-end single-use manufacturing facility possible, but several aspects of single-use technology require further improvement and are continually evolving. This article provides a perspective on the current state-of-the-art in single-use technologies and highlights trends that will improve performance and increase the market penetration of disposable manufacturing in the future.
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