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Carkic J, Nikolic N, Sango V, Riberti N, Anicic B, Milasin J. MiR-26a and miR-191 are upregulated while PLAG1 and HIF2 are downregulated in pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands compared to Warthin tumors. J Oral Pathol Med 2024. [PMID: 38853518 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) are a heterogenous group of pathologies, which still represents a challenge regarding differential diagnosis and therapy. Although histological findings govern SGTs management, detection of molecular alterations is emerging as an effective additional tool. The aim of this study was to analyze the relative expression levels of three micro RNAs (miR-26a, miR-26b, and miR-191), and three pro-oncogenic molecular markers (PLAG1, MTDH, and HIF2) in SGTs and normal salivary gland (NSG) tissues and evaluate them as potential differential diagnosis markers. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 58 patients with SGTs (23 pleomorphic adenomas, 27 Warthin tumors, and 8 malignant SGTs) and 10 controls (normal salivary gland tissues). Relative gene expression levels of all investigated molecules were determined by reverse transcriptase-real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS All three micro RNAs exhibited highest expression levels in benign SGTs, whereas miR-26a And miR-191 were significantly more expressed in PAs compared to WTs (p = 0.045 and p = 0.029, respectively). PLAG1 And HIF2 were both overexpressed in WTs compared to PAs (p = 0.048 and p = 0.053, respectively). Bioinformatic analysis suggested that all investigated micro RNAs function as negative regulators of MTDH. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that all three micro RNAs have a considerable negative impact on MTDH oncogene expression in malignant tumors, while the differences between levels of miR-26a, miR-191, PLAG1, and HIF2 in PA and WT represent possible differential diagnosis markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Carkic
- School of Dental Medicine, Implant Research Center, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadja Nikolic
- School of Dental Medicine, Implant Research Center, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Violeta Sango
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nicole Riberti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Boban Anicic
- School of Dental Medicine, Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milasin
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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2
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D’Occhio MJ, Campanile G, Baruselli PS, Porto Neto LR, Hayes BJ, Snr AC, Fortes MRS. Pleomorphic adenoma gene1 in reproduction and implication for embryonic survival in cattle: a review. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae103. [PMID: 38586898 PMCID: PMC11056886 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The pleomorphic adenoma gene1 (PLAG1) encodes a DNA-binding, C2H2 zinc-finger protein which acts as a transcription factor that regulates the expression of diverse genes across different organs and tissues; hence, the name pleomorphic. Rearrangements of the PLAG1 gene, and/or overexpression, are associated with benign tumors and cancers in a variety of tissues. This is best described for pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands in humans. The most notable expression of PLAG1 occurs during embryonic and fetal development, with lesser expression after birth. Evidence has accumulated of a role for PLAG1 protein in normal early embryonic development and placentation in mammals. PLAG1 protein influences the expression of the ike growth factor 2 (IGF2) gene and production of IGF2 protein. IGF2 is an important mitogen in ovarian follicles/oocytes, embryos, and fetuses. The PLAG1-IGF2 axis, therefore, provides one pathway whereby PLAG1 protein can influence embryonic survival and pregnancy. PLAG1 also influences over 1,000 other genes in embryos including those associated with ribosomal assembly and proteins. Brahman (Bos indicus) heifers homozygous for the PLAG1 variant, rs109815800 (G > T), show greater fertility than contemporary heifers with either one, or no copy, of the variant. Greater fertility in heifers homozygous for rs109815800 could be the result of early puberty and/or greater embryonic survival. The present review first looks at the broader roles of the PLAG1 gene and PLAG1 protein and then focuses on the emerging role of PLAG1/PLAG1 in embryonic development and pregnancy. A deeper understanding of factors which influence embryonic development is required for the next transformational increase in embryonic survival and successful pregnancy for both in vivo and in vitro derived embryos in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J D’Occhio
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro S Baruselli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Animal Reproduction, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ben J Hayes
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alf Collins Snr
- CBV Brahman, Marlborough, Central Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Marina R S Fortes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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3
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Integrative analysis of long non-coding RNAs and mRNAs associated with tumorigenesis of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 133:105303. [PMID: 34775268 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study investigated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA profiles of the human salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma (SGPA). DESIGN Microarray analysis was used to study the expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs and the differentially expressed lncRNAs in human SGPA (all from parotid gland) were identified. The differentially expressed lncRNAs were subjected to qRT-PCR to verify and quantify their expression and a lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was constructed. The lncRNAs correlated to pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1), a known key transcription factor, were identified and analyzed. RESULTS In the present study, 17,382 lncRNAs and 8132 mRNAs were found to be significantly differentially expressed in SGPA (fold change > 2, P < 0.05). The expression of three lncRNAs (NR_110874, NR_110875 and T087085) was significantly altered in SGPA compared to the corresponding healthy tissues, and it was confirmed using the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network analysis that several lncRNAs interact with 5 key regulators (PLAG1, CTNNB1, CCND1, IGF2, and TP53). Furthermore, T042819 was significantly upregulated in SGPA, which may upregulate PLAG1 by sponging has-miR195-5p. CONCLUSION These data suggested that the differently expressed lncRNAs may contribute to the tumorigenesis of SGPA, and analyzing the differences in the lncRNA expression profiles may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of SGPA.
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Panagopoulos I, Heim S. Interstitial Deletions Generating Fusion Genes. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:167-196. [PMID: 33893073 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A fusion gene is the physical juxtaposition of two different genes resulting in a structure consisting of the head of one gene and the tail of the other. Gene fusion is often a primary neoplasia-inducing event in leukemias, lymphomas, solid malignancies as well as benign tumors. Knowledge about fusion genes is crucial not only for our understanding of tumorigenesis, but also for the diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of cancer. Balanced chromosomal rearrangements, in particular translocations and inversions, are the most frequent genetic events leading to the generation of fusion genes. In the present review, we summarize the existing knowledge on chromosome deletions as a mechanism for fusion gene formation. Such deletions are mostly submicroscopic and, hence, not detected by cytogenetic analyses but by array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) and/or high throughput sequencing (HTS). They are found across the genome in a variety of neoplasias. As tumors are increasingly analyzed using aCGH and HTS, it is likely that more interstitial deletions giving rise to fusion genes will be found, significantly impacting our understanding and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Panagopoulos
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;
| | - Sverre Heim
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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5
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Chiang S. Recent advances in smooth muscle tumors with PGR and PLAG1 gene fusions and myofibroblastic uterine neoplasms. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2020; 60:138-146. [PMID: 33230916 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine epithelioid and myxoid leiomyosarcomas and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors are rare mesenchymal neoplasms. Next-generation sequencing recently detected novel PGR fusions in uterine epithelioid leiomyosarcomas that demonstrate characteristic rhabdoid and spindled morphology. PLAG1 gene fusions have also been identified in a subset of myxoid leiomyosarcomas and are associated with PLAG1 overexpression. ALK rearrangements underpin the vast majority of uterine inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, which demonstrate morphologic, and immunohistochemical features similar to those of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors elsewhere. This review summarizes the morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular genetic features of PGR fusion-positive epithelioid leiomyosarcoma, PLAG1 fusion-positive myxoid leiomyosarcoma, and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Chiang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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6
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Panagopoulos I, Gorunova L, Andersen K, Lund-Iversen M, Lobmaier I, Micci F, Heim S. NDRG1-PLAG1 and TRPS1-PLAG1 Fusion Genes in Chondroid Syringoma. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 17:237-248. [PMID: 32345665 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Chondroid syringoma is a rare benign tumor emanating from sweat glands. Although rearrangements of the pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) have been reported in such tumors, information on PLAG1 fusion genes is very limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization, RNA sequencing, array comparative genomic hybridization, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Sanger sequencing analyses were performed on two chondroid syringoma cases. RESULTS Both tumors had structural rearrangements of chromosome 8. An NDRG1-PLAG1 transcript was found in the first tumor in which exon 3 of PLAG1 was fused with exon 1 of NDRG1. A TRPS1-PLAG1 chimeric transcript was detected in the second chondroid syringoma in which exon 2 or exon 3 of PLAG1 was fused with exon 1 of TRPS1. CONCLUSION The NDRG1-PLAG1 and TRPS1-PLAG1 resemble other PLAG1 fusion genes inasmuch as the expression of PLAG1 comes under the control of the NDRG1 or TRPS1 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Panagopoulos
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludmila Gorunova
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Andersen
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marius Lund-Iversen
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Lobmaier
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesca Micci
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Heim
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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7
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Shen S, Lu H, Liu L, Wang Y, Zhang C, Yang W, Xu W. Role of CD44 in tumor-initiating cells of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma: More than a surface biomarker. Oral Dis 2020; 26:547-557. [PMID: 31926047 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CD44, a cell-surface glycoprotein, functions as a receptor for hyaluronic acid. Our research group has previously shown that CD44 is a biomarker for the CD44hi cells (tumor-initiating cells; TICs) in murine salivary gland tumors. However, little is known concerning the biological roles of CD44 in the tumorigenesis of pleomorphic adenoma. The present study is aimed to investigate the effects of CD44 on the proliferation, invasive capability, and apoptosis of TICs in vitro, as well as the tumorigenicity of TICs in vivo. The results demonstrated that knockdown of CD44 attenuated the malignant phenotype of TICs. Furthermore, in vivo xenograft studies indicated that CD44 knockdown inhibited tumorigenesis of pleomorphic adenoma. In addition, neither the CD44low cells nor the CD44-modified CD44low cells developed neo-tumors, which indicated that overexpression of CD44 did not enable the CD44low cells to be transformed into TICs. Taken together, these data demonstrate that CD44 not only acts as a biomarker, but also functions as a key player in the tumor-initiating capacity of TICs. These results shed light on the pathogenesis of salivary gland tumors and provide a potential therapeutic target for treating pleomorphic adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukun Shen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Oral pathology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenping Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanlin Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Huang W, Li BR, Feng H. PLAG1 silencing promotes cell chemosensitivity in ovarian cancer via the IGF2 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:703-714. [PMID: 31922228 PMCID: PMC7015041 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecological diseases. Novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for OC are urgently required. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms that govern how pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) influences the biological processes and chemosensitivity of OC cells via the insulin‑like growth factor‑2 (IGF2) signaling pathway. Differentially expressed genes in OC were selected based on bioinformatics data. OC and adjacent tissue specimen were collected, followed by the determination of the expression of PLAG1 and IGF2 signaling pathway‑associated genes. The regulatory mechanisms of PLAG1 in OC cells were analyzed following treatment with pcDNA or small interfering RNA (siRNA), and included the assessment of cell proliferation, migration, invasion and cisplatin resistance. PLAG1 was identified as an upregulated gene in OC. OC tissues exhibited increased expression of PLAG1 and IGF2 compared with the controls. Moreover, PLAG1 was observed to positively regulate the IGF2 signaling pathway. The siRNA‑mediated silencing of PLAG1 resulted in decreased expression of IGF2, IGF1 receptor and insulin receptor substrate 1, as well as inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion and cisplatin resistance of OC cells. Furthermore, the effect of PLAG1 was dependent on IGF2. PLAG1 may therefore be considered as a possible target for the treatment of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Bi-Rong Li
- Department of Gynecology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
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9
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Transcription factor early growth response-1 plays an oncogenic role in salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 42:197-207. [PMID: 31786685 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although abnormal expression of early growth response-1 (Egr1) has been revealed in various human solid tumors, the functions and potential mechanisms of Egr1 in the progression of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma (SGPA) are not entirely understood. RESULTS An elevated expression of Egr1 was observed both in the human salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma tissues and tumor-initiating cell (TIC) cells, when compared with control group. By loss-of-function assay, the proliferation and invasion capacities of TICs were inhibited, while the cell apoptosis was promoted, which were further evidenced by the protein expression analysis of several key apoptosis-related regulators. Furthermore, TICs with Mithramycin A (an Egr1 inhibitor) treatment achieved the same effects of endogenous Egr1 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS All these data collectively suggest that Egr1 act as an oncogenic factor in salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma, which may be a potential target for the treatment of SGPA.
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10
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Xu W, Liu L, Lu H, Fu J, Zhang C, Yang W, Shen S. Dysregulated long non‑coding RNAs in pleomorphic adenoma tissues of pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 transgenic mice. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4735-4742. [PMID: 31059011 PMCID: PMC6522809 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proven to serve vital roles in various human diseases. However, their involvement in the development of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) in the salivary gland has yet to be examined. In the present study, microarray analysis of the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles in pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) transgenic mice was performed. Next, bioinformatics tools were used to predict the differentially expressed genes associated with PA, including Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment and lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network analyses. Comparison of the transgenic and control mice demonstrated that a total of 9,110 lncRNAs and 7,750 mRNAs were significantly differentially expressed (fold change >2; P<0.05). Subsequently, six lncRNAs were randomly selected for further analysis, and five of these were validated as differentially expressed in PA by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, supporting the methodology employed in the current study. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed mRNAs revealed that these mRNAs were closely associated with a number of processes involved in the development of PA. Furthermore, the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network indicated that certain lncRNAs may serve vital roles in the pathogenesis of PA by interacting with a number of core genes. Taken together, these results indicated that lncRNAs and mRNAs were differentially expressed in PA tissues obtained from PLAG1 transgenic mice as compared with those from control mice. These differentially expressed lncRNAs may act as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‑Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Limin Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‑Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Jinye Fu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‑Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Chenping Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‑Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‑Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Shukun Shen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‑Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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11
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Katabi N, Xu B, Jungbluth AA, Zhang L, Shao SY, Lane J, Ghossein R, Antonescu CR. PLAG1 immunohistochemistry is a sensitive marker for pleomorphic adenoma: a comparative study with PLAG1 genetic abnormalities. Histopathology 2017; 72:285-293. [PMID: 28796899 DOI: 10.1111/his.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) gene rearrangement is the most common genetic abnormality in pleomorphic adenoma (PA), resulting in overexpression of PLAG1 protein. PA and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CA ex-PA) can mimic various benign and malignant salivary gland tumours. The aims of this study are to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of PLAG1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the differential diagnosis of PA and CA ex-PA and to compare the PLAG1 immunohistochemical results to PLAG1 gene abnormalities as detected by fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH). METHODS AND RESULTS PLAG1 immunostaining was performed on 83 salivary gland tumours, including 23 PA, 15 CA ex-PA and 45 other salivary gland tumours. In addition, PLAG1 FISH was performed in 44 cases for the presence of gene rearrangements/amplifications. The results showed high sensitivity of PLAG1 IHC in 96% of PA; however, discordant results between PLAG1 FISH abnormalities and IHC were noted in 15 of 44 cases (34%). Seven PA, four de-novo myoepithelial carcinomas and one basal cell adenocarcinoma had negative FISH results, but were positive for IHC; while three salivary duct carcinomas (SDC) ex-PA were positive for FISH but negative for IHC. PLAG1 IHC can differentiate CA ex-PA from de-novo SDC (P = 0.02), but not from de-novo myoepithelial carcinoma. PLAG1 IHC is a sensitive marker for PA. This could be due to PLAG1 gene abnormalities beyond FISH resolution. CONCLUSIONS A negative PLAG1 IHC might be helpful in excluding a PA diagnosis. Interestingly, in the context of CA ex-PA, FISH is more sensitive than IHC in detecting PLAG1 abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Katabi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Achim A Jungbluth
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sung Y Shao
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason Lane
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald Ghossein
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Fink T, Tiplady K, Lopdell T, Johnson T, Snell RG, Spelman RJ, Davis SR, Littlejohn MD. Functional confirmation of PLAG1 as the candidate causative gene underlying major pleiotropic effects on body weight and milk characteristics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44793. [PMID: 28322319 PMCID: PMC5359603 DOI: 10.1038/srep44793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A major pleiotropic quantitative trait locus (QTL) located at ~25 Mbp on bovine chromosome 14 affects a myriad of growth and developmental traits in Bos taurus and indicus breeds. These QTL have been attributed to two functional variants in the bidirectional promoter of PLAG1 and CHCHD7. Although PLAG1 is a good candidate for mediating these effects, its role remains uncertain given that these variants are also associated with expression of five additional genes at the broader locus. In the current study, we conducted expression QTL (eQTL) mapping of this region using a large, high depth mammary RNAseq dataset representing 375 lactating cows. Here we show that of the seven previously implicated genes, only PLAG1 and LYN are differentially expressed by QTL genotype, and only PLAG1 bears the same association signature of the growth and body weight QTLs. For the first time, we also report significant association of PLAG1 genotype with milk production traits, including milk fat, volume, and protein yield. Collectively, these data strongly suggest PLAG1 as the causative gene underlying this diverse range of traits, and demonstrate new effects for the locus on lactation phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Fink
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Thomas Lopdell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Livestock Improvement Corporation, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Johnson
- Livestock Improvement Corporation, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Russell G Snell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Mathew D Littlejohn
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Livestock Improvement Corporation, Hamilton, New Zealand
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13
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de Brito BS, Giovanelli N, Egal ES, Sánchez-Romero C, Nascimento JDSD, Martins AS, Tincani ÁJ, Del Negro A, Gondak RDO, Almeida OPD, Kowalski LP, Altemani A, Mariano FV. Loss of expression of Plag1 in malignant transformation from pleomorphic adenoma to carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. Hum Pathol 2016; 57:152-159. [PMID: 27473265 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PLAG1 (pleomorphic adenoma gene 1) is frequently activated in pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) arises in PA, and PLAG1 expression is believed to be maintained from PA to CXPA, as it can contribute to the carcinogenesis process. To evaluate if PLAG1 is a good marker of malignant transformation from PA to CXPA as well as to evaluate if PLAG1 expression is associated with progression and histopathologic subtype of CXPA. Forty PAs, 21 residual PAs (without malignant transformation), and 40 CXPAs were analyzed by immunohistochemistry with PLAG1 antibody. The proportion of positive neoplastic cells was assessed according to a 2-tiered scale: >10% to 50%, and >50% positive cells. The CXPA group was classified according to histopathologic subtype and invasiveness degree. Thirty-seven PAs (92.5%), 15 residual PAs (71%), and 14 CXPAs (35%) were positive for PLAG1. In relation to the CXPA group, among the intracapsular cases, myoepithelial carcinoma and epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma showed the highest level of PLAG1 expression. PLAG1 expression is lost when PA undergoes malignant transformation, possibly due to other pathway activation and different clone cells. In addition, PLAG1 expression seems to be present mainly in low-grade carcinomas and in cases with early phase of invasion, due to its regulation of oncogene-induced cell senescence. In CXPA, PLAG1 expression was most associated with myoepithelial differentiation. This way, loss of PLAG1 expression can be considered a hallmark of CXPA carcinogenesis, mainly when there is only epithelial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Samara de Brito
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Natália Giovanelli
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Erika Said Egal
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Celeste Sánchez-Romero
- Oral Pathology Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Souza do Nascimento
- Oral Pathology Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Antonio Santos Martins
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Álfio José Tincani
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - André Del Negro
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | | | - Oslei Paes de Almeida
- Oral Pathology Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP 01509-010, Brazil
| | - Albina Altemani
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Viviane Mariano
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil.
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de Brito BS, Gaspar NG, Egal ESA, Sanchez-Romero C, Martins AS, Tincani ÁJ, de Oliveira Gondak R, de Almeida OP, Kowalski LP, Altemani A, Mariano FV. PLAG1 expression is maintained in recurrent pleomorphic adenoma. Virchows Arch 2016; 469:477-81. [PMID: 27381214 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The proto-oncogene (pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1)) is immunohistochemically overexpressed in pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Its expression in recurrent pleomorphic adenoma (RPA), however, has not been investigated. Since complex mechanisms are involved in tumor recurrence, the aim of this study was to investigate whether PLAG1 overexpression occurs in RPA. We studied PLAG1 protein expression in 40 PAs and 36 RPAs by immunohistochemistry. Cases with immunopositive cells were classified into two categories, between 10 and 50 % and >50 %. In both groups, PLAG1 expression was observed in both epithelial and myoepithelial cells. Of PAs, 37 cases (93 %) were positive, while this was the case in 34 RPA cases (94 %). Our findings suggest that in addition to morphological similarity, PA and RPA express PLAG1, which might play a role in tumor recurrence. Furthermore, as for PA, expression of PLAG1 can be considered a valuable diagnostic marker for RPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Samara de Brito
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Giovanelli Gaspar
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Erika Said Abu Egal
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Celeste Sanchez-Romero
- Oral Pathology Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Santos Martins
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Álfio José Tincani
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Oslei Paes de Almeida
- Oral Pathology Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Albina Altemani
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Viviane Mariano
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
- Departamento de Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 - Barão Geraldo, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil.
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