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Hwang IS, Park MR, Lee HS, Kwak TU, Son HY, Kang JK, Lee JW, Lee K, Park EW, Hwang S. Developmental and Degenerative Characterization of Porcine Parthenogenetic Fetuses during Early Pregnancy. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040622. [PMID: 32260352 PMCID: PMC7222715 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary To increase the early implantation rate, oocytes and zygotes have been subjected to various artificial stimulations before and/or after in vitro fertilization, nuclear transfer, or sperm (spermatid) injection, etc. However, the stimulation process may induce parthenogenetic development. It is difficult to identify whether the embryo or fetus is normally fertilized or parthenogenetically activated in early pregnancy. In the present study, the porcine parthenotes originated from electric stimulation implanted and developed normally during the first month, in a manner similar to artificially inseminated embryos and fetuses. There were no statistical differences in the formation of the major organs such as the brain, liver, kidney, or heart in both groups. However, the implanted parthenotes radically ceased their development and degenerated after one month. It can be postulated that the parthenotes are one of the reasons for the gap between early pregnancy and delivery rate in assisted reproduction techniques. Abstract The difference between early pregnancy and delivery rate is quite large in assisted reproduction techniques (ARTs), including animal cloning. However, it is not clear why the implanted fetuses aborted after the early pregnancy stage. In the present study, we tried to evaluate the developmental and morphological characteristics of porcine parthenogenetically activated (PA) embryos or fetuses by electric stimulation during the early pregnancy period. The implanted PA and artificially inseminated (AI) embryos and fetuses were collected at day 26 and 35 after embryo transfer, respectively. The developmental and morphological parameters in the PA embryos at day 26 were similar to the AI embryos. The size, weight, formation of major organs, and apoptotic cells were not statistically different in both embryos at day 26. However, the PA fetuses at day 35 showed ceased fetal development and degenerated with abnormal morphologies in their organs. The day 35 PA fetuses showed significantly higher apoptotic cells and lower methylation status in three differentially methylated regions of the H19 gene compared to their comparators. Therefore, the normal development of PA embryos and fetuses during early gestation could lead to these pregnancies being misinterpreted as normal and become one of the main reasons for the gap between early pregnancy and delivery rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sul Hwang
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (I.-S.H.); (M.-R.P.); (H.-S.L.); (T.-U.K.); (E.-W.P.)
| | - Mi-Ryung Park
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (I.-S.H.); (M.-R.P.); (H.-S.L.); (T.-U.K.); (E.-W.P.)
| | - Hae-Sun Lee
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (I.-S.H.); (M.-R.P.); (H.-S.L.); (T.-U.K.); (E.-W.P.)
| | - Tae-Uk Kwak
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (I.-S.H.); (M.-R.P.); (H.-S.L.); (T.-U.K.); (E.-W.P.)
| | - Hwa-Young Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Jong-Koo Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Woong Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Eung-Woo Park
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (I.-S.H.); (M.-R.P.); (H.-S.L.); (T.-U.K.); (E.-W.P.)
| | - Seongsoo Hwang
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (I.-S.H.); (M.-R.P.); (H.-S.L.); (T.-U.K.); (E.-W.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-632-387-253
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Wang D, Wang G, Yang H, Liu H, Li C, Li X, Lin C, Song Y, Li Z, Liu D. DNA methylation modulates H19 and IGF2 expression in porcine female eye. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:153-159. [PMID: 28266684 PMCID: PMC5409778 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The sexually dimorphic expression of H19/IGF2 is evolutionarily conserved. To investigate whether the expression of H19/IGF2 in the female porcine eye is sex-dependent, gene expression and methylation status were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). We hypothesized that H19/IGF2 might exhibit a different DNA methylation status in the female eye. In order to evaluate our hypothesis, parthenogenetic (PA) cells were used for analysis by qPCR and BSP. Our results showed that H19 and IGF2 were over-expressed in the female eye compared with the male eye (3-fold and 2-fold, respectively). We observed a normal monoallelic methylation pattern for H19 differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Compared with H19 DMRs, IGF2 DMRs showed a different methylation pattern in the eye. Taken together, these results suggest that elevated expression of H19/IGF2 is caused by a specific chromatin structure that is regulated by the DNA methylation status of IGF2 DMRs in the female eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Yang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haibo Liu
- Department of Emergency, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Cuie Li
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Lin
- Department of Emergency, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuning Song
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhanjun Li
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dianfeng Liu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Kurome M, Leuchs S, Kessler B, Kemter E, Jemiller EM, Foerster B, Klymiuk N, Zakhartchenko V, Wolf E. Direct introduction of gene constructs into the pronucleus-like structure of cloned embryos: a new strategy for the generation of genetically modified pigs. Transgenic Res 2016; 26:309-318. [PMID: 27943082 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-016-0004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to a rising demand of porcine models with complex genetic modifications for biomedical research, the approaches for their generation need to be adapted. In this study we describe the direct introduction of a gene construct into the pronucleus (PN)-like structure of cloned embryos as a novel strategy for the generation of genetically modified pigs, termed "nuclear injection". To evaluate the reliability of this new strategy, the developmental ability of embryos in vitro and in vivo as well as the integration and expression efficiency of a transgene carrying green fluorescence protein (GFP) were examined. Eighty percent of the cloned pig embryos (633/787) exhibited a PN-like structure, which met the prerequisite to technically perform the new method. GFP fluorescence was observed in about half of the total blastocysts (21/40, 52.5%), which was comparable to classical zygote PN injection (28/41, 68.3%). In total, 478 cloned embryos injected with the GFP construct were transferred into 4 recipients and from one recipient 4 fetuses (day 68) were collected. In one of the fetuses which showed normal development, the integration of the transgene was confirmed by PCR in different tissues and organs from all three primary germ layers and placenta. The integration pattern of the transgene was mosaic (48 out of 84 single-cell colonies established from a kidney were positive for GFP DNA by PCR). Direct GFP fluorescence was observed macro- and microscopically in the fetus. Our novel strategy could be useful particularly for the generation of pigs with complex genetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Kurome
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Hackerstr. 27, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany.
| | - Simon Leuchs
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Hackerstr. 27, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Barbara Kessler
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Hackerstr. 27, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kemter
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Hackerstr. 27, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Jemiller
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Hackerstr. 27, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Beatrix Foerster
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Hackerstr. 27, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Nikolai Klymiuk
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Hackerstr. 27, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Valeri Zakhartchenko
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Hackerstr. 27, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Hackerstr. 27, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
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Li C, Wang X, Cai H, Fu Y, Luan Y, Wang W, Xiang H, Li C. Molecular microevolution and epigenetic patterns of the long non-coding gene H19 show its potential function in pig domestication and breed divergence. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:87. [PMID: 27107967 PMCID: PMC4841954 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0657-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The domestic pig Sus scrofa domesticus originated from the wild boar S. scrofa about 10,000 years ago. During domestication, drastic morphological, physiological, and behavioral changes developed between domestic pigs and wild boars through artificial and natural selection. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19, which is located within the imprinting gene cluster H19-IGF2, plays an important role in regulating muscle development in humans and mice. This study systematically analyzed the molecular evolution of H19 and its possible epigenetic changes during pig domestication and breeding to explore the genetic and epigenetic contributions of H19 to pig domestication. Results The molecular evolution of H19 was initially analyzed on a large phylogenetic scale. Results showed that the gene was highly conserved within a broad range, especially in the 5′ terminal sequence. The molecular evolution of the gene was then analyzed using published re-sequencing data of 30 wild boars from Tibet, 3 wild boars from Sichuan, and 15 native pigs from other regions in China. Eight polymorphic sites were identified, and the nucleotide diversity (π) value within the H19 gene body was significantly higher (Z-test, P < 0.05) in domesticated pigs than in wild pigs. However, no significant divergence occurred between domesticated and wild pigs. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3′ terminal sequence were surveyed in other Chinese local breeds and foreign pig breeds. We observed a consistently higher diversity in domesticated pigs than in wild pigs. The methylation pattern of the H19 gene in pigs was subsequently analyzed using published methylated DNA immunoprecipitation data and an unpublished single-base resolution liver methylome. Analysis results showed distinct methylation levels in some tissues. Among the samples surveyed, Landrace showed the lowest methylation level, followed by the Guizhou wild boar, whereas the Enshi pig exhibited the highest methylation level in the 2 kb upstream region of the H19 gene. Liver transcriptome data suggested that Landrace harbored the highest expression of the H19 gene, followed by the Guizhou wild boar, whereas the Enshi pig harbored the lowest expression of the gene. Differential methylation sites (DMSs) among the three breeds were mainly identified in the 2 kb upstream region of the H19 gene. In the Enshi pig, we detected allele-specific methylation (ASM) regions in the 2 kb upstream region of the H19 gene. Most of the DMSs in the upstream 2 kb region of the gene were also located in the ASM region in this breed. Conclusions Molecular analyses suggest that the H19 gene was highly conserved during large-scale evolution and exhibited genotype differentiation during domestication and breed differentiation. The drastic diversity pattern between domestic and wild pigs in the H19 gene body, which was highly conserved during large-scale evolution, suggests that this gene might have played roles in the breed differentiation of domestic pigs. Methylation analysis indicates an opposite epigenetic regulation direction between Chinese and European pig (EU) domestication, which resulted in opposite expression changes in this gene between the two domesticated groups. Our preliminary analyses on DMSs among different pig breeds and ASM imply that imprinting was associated with methylation differences. This study systematically demonstrates the genetic and epigenetic patterns of H19 during pig domestication and provide valuable cues and basis for further research on the function of H19 in pig domestication. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0657-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cencen Li
- Key Lab of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 East Jiaochang Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 65022, China.,Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huimin Cai
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.,BGI Co Ltd, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Yuhua Fu
- Key Lab of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Luan
- Key Lab of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 East Jiaochang Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 65022, China.,Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 East Jiaochang Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 65022, China. .,Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Changchun Li
- Key Lab of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Wang D, Yuan L, Sui T, Song Y, Lv Q, Wang A, Li Z, Lai L. Faithful expression of imprinted genes in donor cells of SCNT cloned pigs. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2066-72. [PMID: 26119041 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To understand if the genomic imprinting status of the donor cells is altered during the process of SCNT (somatic cell nuclear transfer), cloned pigs were produced by SCNT using PEF (porcine embryonic fibroblast) and P-PEF (parthenogenetic-PEF) cells as donors. Then, the gene expression and methylation patterns of H19, IGF2, NNAT and MEST were compared between PEF vs. C-PEF (cloned-PEF), P-PEF vs. CP-PEF (cloned-P-PEF), respectively. Taken together, the results revealed that there was no significant difference in the expression of imprinted genes and conserved genomic imprints between the donor and cloned cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Tingting Sui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yuning Song
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qingyan Lv
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Anfeng Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhanjun Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Liangxue Lai
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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Huan Y, Zhu J, Huang B, Mu Y, Kong Q, Liu Z. Trichostatin A rescues the disrupted imprinting induced by somatic cell nuclear transfer in pigs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126607. [PMID: 25962071 PMCID: PMC4427324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Imprinting disorders induced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) usually lead to the abnormalities of cloned animals and low cloning efficiency. Histone deacetylase inhibitors have been shown to improve gene expression, genomic methylation reprogramming and the development of cloned embryos, however, the imprinting statuses in these treated embryos and during their subsequent development remain poorly studied. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of H19/Igf2 methylation and transcription in porcine cloned embryos treated with trichostatin A (TSA), and examined H19/Igf2 imprinting patterns in cloned fetuses and piglets. Our results showed that compared with the maintenance of H19/Igf2 methylation in fertilized embryos, cloned embryos displayed aberrant H19/Igf2 methylation and lower H19/Igf2 transcripts. When TSA enhanced the development of cloned embryos, the disrupted H19/Igf2 imprinting was largely rescued in these treated embryos, more similar to those detected in fertilized counterparts. Further studies displayed that TSA effectively rescued the disrupted imprinting of H19/Igf2 in cloned fetuses and piglets, prevented the occurrence of cloned fetus and piglet abnormalities, and enhanced the full-term development of cloned embryos. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that aberrant imprinting induced by SCNT led to the abnormalities of cloned fetuses and piglets and low cloning efficiency, and TSA rescued the disrupted imprinting in cloned embryos, fetuses and piglets, and prevented the occurrence of cloned fetus and piglet abnormalities, thereby improving the development of cloned embryos. This study would have important implications in improving cloning efficiency and the health of cloned animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Huan
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Bo Huang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yanshuang Mu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Qingran Kong
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- * E-mail:
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