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van den Brandhof JG, Wösten HAB. Risk assessment of fungal materials. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2022; 9:3. [PMID: 35209958 PMCID: PMC8876125 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-022-00134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable fungal materials have a high potential to replace non-sustainable materials such as those used for packaging or as an alternative for leather and textile. The properties of fungal materials depend on the type of fungus and substrate, the growth conditions and post-treatment of the material. So far, fungal materials are mainly made with species from the phylum Basidiomycota, selected for the mechanical and physical properties they provide. However, for mycelium materials to be implemented in society on a large scale, selection of fungal species should also be based on a risk assessment of the potential to be pathogenic, form mycotoxins, attract insects, or become an invasive species. Moreover, production processes should be standardized to ensure reproducibility and safety of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen G van den Brandhof
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Han A B Wösten
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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2
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Ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry coupled to gas chromatography for analysis of microbial contaminated cosmetic creams. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1128:52-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mali T, Mäki M, Hellén H, Heinonsalo J, Bäck J, Lundell T. Decomposition of spruce wood and release of volatile organic compounds depend on decay type, fungal interactions and enzyme production patterns. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5554004. [PMID: 31494677 PMCID: PMC6736282 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Effect of three wood-decaying fungi on decomposition of spruce wood was studied in solid-state cultivation conditions for a period of three months. Two white rot species (Trichaptum abietinum and Phlebia radiata) were challenged by a brown rot species (Fomitopsis pinicola) in varying combinations. Wood decomposition patterns as determined by mass loss, carbon to nitrogen ratio, accumulation of dissolved sugars and release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were observed to depend on both fungal combinations and growth time. Similar dependence of fungal species combination, either white or brown rot dominated, was observed for secreted enzyme activities on spruce wood. Fenton chemistry suggesting reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ was detected in the presence of F. pinicola, even in co-cultures, together with substantial degradation of wood carbohydrates and accumulation of oxalic acid. Significant correlation was perceived with two enzyme activity patterns (oxidoreductases produced by white rot fungi; hydrolytic enzymes produced by the brown rot fungus) and wood degradation efficiency. Moreover, emission of four signature VOCs clearly grouped the fungal combinations. Our results indicate that fungal decay type, either brown or white rot, determines the loss of wood mass and decomposition of polysaccharides as well as the pattern of VOCs released upon fungal growth on spruce wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuulia Mali
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikki Campus, P.O.Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Mäki
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikki Campus, P.O.Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Hellén
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O.Box 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Heinonsalo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikki Campus, P.O.Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O.Box 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Bäck
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikki Campus, P.O.Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Lundell
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikki Campus, P.O.Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Garcia-Alcega S, Nasir ZA, Cipullo S, Ferguson R, Yan C, Whitby C, Dumbrell AJ, Drew G, Colbeck I, Tyrrel S, Coulon F. Fingerprinting ambient air to understand bioaerosol profiles in three different environments in the south east of England. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 719:137542. [PMID: 32120091 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Molecular and chemical fingerprints from 10 contrasting outdoor air environments, including three agricultural farms, three urban parks and four industrial sites were investigated to advance our understanding of bioaerosol distribution and emissions. Both phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOC) profiles showed a different distribution in summer compared to winter. Further to this, a strong positive correlation was found between the total concentration of MVOCs and PLFAs (r = 0.670, p = 0.004 in winter and r = 0.767, p = 0.001 in summer) demonstrating that either chemical or molecular fingerprints of outdoor environments can provide good insights into the sources and distribution of bioaerosols. Environment specific variables and most representative MVOCs were identified and linked to microbial species emissions via a MVOC database and PLFAs taxonomical classification. While similar MVOCs and PLFAs were identified across all the environments suggesting common microbial communities, specific MVOCs were identified for each contrasting environment. Specifically, 3,4-dimethylpent-1-yn-3-ol, ethoxyethane and propanal were identified as key MVOCs for the industrial areas (and were correlated to fungi, Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive bacteria) and Gram negative bacteria, R = 0.863, R = 0.618 and R = 0.676, respectively) while phthalic acid, propene and isobutane were key for urban environments (correlated to Gram negative bacteria, fungi and bacteria, R = 0.874, R = 0.962 and R = 0.969 respectively); and ethanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, 2-methyl-1-pentene, butane, isoprene and methyl acetate were key for farms (correlated to fungi, Gram positive bacteria and bacteria, R = 0.690 and 0.783, R = 0.706 and R = 0.790, 0.761 and 0.768). The combination of MVOCs and PLFAs markers can assist in rapid microbial fingerprinting of distinct environmental influences on ambient air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Garcia-Alcega
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Zaheer Ahmad Nasir
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Sabrina Cipullo
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Robert Ferguson
- University of Essex, School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Cheng Yan
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; China University of Geosciences, School of Environmental Studies, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Corinne Whitby
- University of Essex, School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Alex J Dumbrell
- University of Essex, School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Gillian Drew
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Ian Colbeck
- University of Essex, School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Sean Tyrrel
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Frederic Coulon
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK.
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Peintner U, Kuhnert-Finkernagel R, Wille V, Biasioli F, Shiryaev A, Perini C. How to resolve cryptic species of polypores: an example in Fomes. IMA Fungus 2019; 10:17. [PMID: 32647621 PMCID: PMC7325651 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-019-0016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Species that cannot be easily distinguished based on morphology, but which form distinct phylogenetic lineages based on molecular markers, are often referred to as cryptic species. They have been proposed in a number of fungal genera, including the basidiomycete genus Fomes. The main aim of this work was to test new methods for species delimitation in cryptic lineages of polypores, and to define useful characters for species identification. A detailed examination of a number of different Fomes strains that had been collected and isolated from different habitats in Italy and Austria confirmed the presence of distinct lineages in the Fomes fomentarius clade. Our zero hypothesis was that the Mediterranean strains growing on Quercus represent a species which can be delimited based on morphological and physiological characters when they are evaluated in statistically relevant numbers. This hypothesis was tested based on phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA ITS region, morphological characters of basidiomes and pure cultures, growth rates and optimum growth temperature experiments, mycelial confrontation tests, enzyme activity tests and volatile organic compound (VOC) production. The Mediterranean lineage can unambiguously be delimited from F. fomentarius. A syntype of an obscure and previously synonymized name, Polyporus inzengae, represents the Mediterranean lineage that we recognize as Fomes inzengae, a distinct species. The rDNA ITS region is useful for delimitation of Fomes species. Moreover, also a variety of morphological characters including hymenophore pore size, basidiospore size, and diameter of skeletal hyphae are useful delimiting characters. The ecology is also very important, because the plant host appears to be a central factor driving speciation. Physiological characters turned also out to be species-specific, e.g. daily mycelial growth rates or the temperature range of pure cultures. The production of VOCs can be considered as a very promising tool for fast and reliable species delimitation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Peintner
- University Innsbruck, Institute of Microbiology, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Viana Wille
- University Innsbruck, Institute of Microbiology, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’ Adige, Italy
| | - Anton Shiryaev
- Vegetation & Mycobiota Diversity Department, Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology (IPAE), Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UrB RAS), 8 March str., 202/3, 620144 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Claudia Perini
- Department of Life Sciences, University Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Kozicki M, Wiejak A, Piasecki M, Abram A. Identification of MVOCs Produced by Coniophora puteana and Poria placenta Growing on WPC Boards by Using Subtraction Mass Spectra. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142499. [PMID: 31337007 PMCID: PMC6678921 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Volatile fungal metabolites are responsible for various odors and may contribute to a “sick building syndrome” (SBS) with a negative effect on the heath of building. The authors have attempted to fill the research gaps by analyzing microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) originating from representatives of the Basidiomycetes class that grow on wood-polymer composite (WPC) boards. WPCs have been analyzed as a material exposed to biodeterioration. Indoor air quality (IAQ) is affected by the increased use of WPCs inside buildings, and is becoming a highly relevant research issue. The emission profiles of MVOCs at various stages of WPC decay have been demonstrated in detail for Coniophora puteana and Poria placenta, and used to set the European industrial standards for wood-decay fungi. Differences in the production of MVOCs among these species of fungi have been detected using the thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) method. This study identifies the production of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and other compounds during one month of fungal growth. The identified level of metabolites indicates a relation between the level of air pollution and condition of the WPC material, which may become part of IAQ quantification in the future. The study points to the species-specific compounds for representatives of brown and white-rot fungi and the compounds responsible for their odor. In this study, 1-Octen-3-ol was indicated as a marker for their active growth, which is also associated with SBS. The proposed experimental set-up and data analysis are a simple and convenient way to obtain emission profiles of MVOCs from microbes growing on different materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kozicki
- Department of Thermal Physics, Acoustic and Environment, Building Research Institute, 00-611 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Wiejak
- Department of Construction Materials Engineering, Building Research Institute, 00-611 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Piasecki
- Department of Thermal Physics, Acoustic and Environment, Building Research Institute, 00-611 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Abram
- Department of Thermal Physics, Acoustic and Environment, Building Research Institute, 00-611 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Construction Materials Engineering, Building Research Institute, 00-611 Warsaw, Poland
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O'Leary J, Hiscox J, Eastwood DC, Savoury M, Langley A, McDowell SW, Rogers HJ, Boddy L, Müller CT. The whiff of decay: Linking volatile production and extracellular enzymes to outcomes of fungal interactions at different temperatures. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhao J, Yang Y, Yu M, Yao K, Luo X, Qi H, Zhang G, Luo Y. Lanostane-type C 31 triterpenoid derivatives from the fruiting bodies of cultivated Fomitopsis palustris. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 152:10-21. [PMID: 29715599 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen undescribed and five known lanostane-type C31 triterpenoid derivatives were isolated from the aqueous EtOH extract of the fruiting bodies of cultivated Fomitopsis palustris. Their structures were identified from the spectroscopic data and chemical degradation studies. The structures of palustrisoic acids A and H were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Polyporenic acid B showed strong cytotoxicity against the HCT116, A549, and HepG2 cell lines with IC50 values of 8.4, 12.1, and 12.2 μM, respectively. Palustrisolides A, C, and G displayed weak cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhi Zhao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Yang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Fungi, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 51 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Yao
- Institute of Medicinal Fungi, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 51 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Fungi, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 51 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Huayi Qi
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yinggang Luo
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Garcia-Alcega S, Nasir ZA, Ferguson R, Noël C, Cravo-Laureau C, Whitby C, Dumbrell AJ, Colbeck I, Tyrrel S, Coulon F. Can chemical and molecular biomarkers help discriminate between industrial, rural and urban environments? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 631-632:1059-1069. [PMID: 29727932 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Air samples from four contrasting outdoor environments including a park, an arable farm, a waste water treatment plant and a composting facility were analysed during the summer and winter months. The aim of the research was to study the feasibility of differentiating microbial communities from urban, rural and industrial areas between seasons with chemical and molecular markers such as microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Air samples (3l) were collected every 2h for a total of 6h in order to assess the temporal variations of MVOCs and PLFAs along the day. MVOCs and VOCs concentrations varied over the day, especially in the composting facility which was the site where more human activities were carried out. At this site, total VOC concentration varied between 80 and 170μgm-3 in summer and 20-250μgm-3 in winter. The composition of MVOCs varied between sites due to the different biological substrates including crops, waste water, green waste or grass. MVOCs composition also differed between seasons as in summer they are more likely to get modified by oxidation processes in the atmosphere and in winter by reduction processes. The composition of microbial communities identified by the analysis of PLFAs also varied among the different locations and between seasons. The location with higher concentrations of PLFAs in summer was the farm (7297ngm-3) and in winter the park (11,724ngm-3). A specific set of MVOCs and PLFAs that most represent each one of the locations was identified by principal component analyses (PCA) and canonical analyses. Further to this, concentrations of both total VOCs and PLFAs were at least three times higher in winter than in summer. The difference in concentrations between summer and winter suggest that seasonal variations should be considered when assessing the risk of exposure to these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Garcia-Alcega
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK.
| | - Zaheer Ahmad Nasir
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Robert Ferguson
- University of Essex, School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Cyril Noël
- Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, MELODY group, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, IPREM UMR CNRS 5254, BP 1155, 64013 Pau Cedex, France
| | - Cristiana Cravo-Laureau
- Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, MELODY group, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, IPREM UMR CNRS 5254, BP 1155, 64013 Pau Cedex, France
| | - Corinne Whitby
- University of Essex, School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Alex J Dumbrell
- University of Essex, School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Ian Colbeck
- University of Essex, School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Sean Tyrrel
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Frederic Coulon
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK.
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Fingerprinting outdoor air environment using microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) – A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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