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Daood HG, Ráth S, Palotás G, Halász G, Hamow K, Helyes L. Efficient HPLC Separation on a Core-C30 Column with MS2 Characterization of Isomers, Derivatives and Unusual Carotenoids from Tomato Products. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:336-347. [PMID: 34184033 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and rapid liquid chromatographic method was developed for the separation of carotenoids and their geometrical isomers in tomato products using a core C30 column of 2.6 μm particles with gradient elution of tert-butyl-methyl-ether in 2% water in methanol. Excellent separation of the major carotenoids such as lycopene, β-carotene and lutein as well as their geometrical isomers and oxygen-containing derivatives with resolution factors ranging between 0.78 and 4.0 and selectivity of 1.01-1.63 was achieved. Validation of the developed method met the acceptance criteria concerning linearity, recovery, precision and limit of detection and quantification. Calibrations were linear with correlation coefficient (R2) values between 0.9966 and 0.9999. The limit of detection and quantification values were found to be 0.008 and 0.017 and 0.029 and 0.056 μg/mL, respectively. Recovery of 94.3-99.9%, intraday precision of 1.81-4.45% and interday precision of 3.13-6.86% were obtained. The hyphenation of liquid chromatography with diode-array and mass spectrometry was helpful in the identification of the separated carotenoids particularly the unusual di-hydroxy cyclolycopene adduct and di-methoxy lycopene determined for the first time in tomato products. Commercially available kinds of tomato juice and ketchup were evaluated based on their carotenoid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein G Daood
- Regional Knowledge Centre, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences (former Szent István University), Páter K.u.1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Ráth
- Regional Knowledge Centre, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences (former Szent István University), Páter K.u.1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Gábor Palotás
- Univer Product Enterprice, Szolnoki út 35, 6000 Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Gábor Halász
- Regional Knowledge Centre, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences (former Szent István University), Páter K.u.1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Kamiran Hamow
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, Brunszvik u. 2, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Lajos Helyes
- Regional Knowledge Centre, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences (former Szent István University), Páter K.u.1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
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Carotenoids produced by the deep-sea bacterium Erythrobacter citreus LAMA 915: detection and proposal of their biosynthetic pathway. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:441-456. [PMID: 33723710 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00858-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Technologies based on synthetic biology to produce bacterial natural carotenoids depend on information regarding their biosynthesis. Although the biosynthetic pathway of common carotenoids is known, there are carotenoids whose pathways are not completely described. This work aimed to mine the genome of the deep-sea bacterium Erythrobacter citreus LAMA 915, an uncommon bacterium that forms yellow colonies under cultivation. This work further explores the potential application of the carotenoids found and low-cost substrates for bacterial growth. A combined approach of genome mining and untargeted metabolomics analysis was applied. The carotenoid erythroxanthin sulfate was detected in E. citreus LAMA 915 cell extract. A proposal for carotenoid biosynthesis by this bacterium is provided, involving the genes crtBIYZWG. These are responsible for the biosynthesis of carotenoids from the zeaxanthin pathway and their 2,2'-hydroxylated derivatives. E. citreus LAMA 915 extracts showed antioxidant and sun protection effects. Based on the high content of proteases and lipases, it was possible to rationally select substrates for bacterial growth, with residual oil from fish processing the best low-cost substrate selected. This work advances in the understanding of carotenoid biosynthesis and provides a genetic basis that can be further explored as a biotechnological route for carotenoid production.
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Ghilardi C, Sanmartin Negrete P, Carelli AA, Borroni V. Evaluation of olive mill waste as substrate for carotenoid production by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-020-00341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe “alperujo” is a waste from the olive oil industry with great potential for valorization. It has a high organic load, with the presence of valuable compounds such as biophenols and sugars. The use of this waste can be thought of as a biorefinery from which different compounds of high added value can be obtained, whether they are present in the “alperujo” such as biophenols or can be generated from the “alperujo”. Therefore, the production of carotenoids by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa was evaluated using the liquid fraction of ‘alperujo’ (Alperujo Water, AW) or an aqueous extract (AE) of “alperujo” at different concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 30% w/V) as substrates. The AEs had an acidic pH, a total sugar concentration ranging from 1.6 to 7.6 g/L, a polyphenols content from 0.4 to 2.9 g/L and a significant amount of proteins (0.5–3 g/L). AW is similar in composition as 30% AE, but with a higher amount of total sugars. Rh. mucilaginosa was able to grow at the different mediums with consumption of glucose and fructose, a reduction in protein content and alkalinization of the medium. Maximum total carotenoid production (7.3 ± 0.6 mg/L) was achieved at AW, while the specific production was higher when the yeast grew at AW or at 30% AE (0.78 ± 0.06 and 0.73 ± 0.10 mg/g of biomass, respectively). Torulene and torularhodin were the main carotenoids produced. Polyphenol content did not change; thus, it is still possible to recover these compounds after producing carotenoids. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using alperujo-based mediums as cheap substrates to produce torularhodin and torulene and to include this bioprocess as a step in an integral approach for alperujo valorization.
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Lal PB, Wells FM, Lyu Y, Ghosh IN, Landick R, Kiley PJ. A Markerless Method for Genome Engineering in Zymomonas mobilis ZM4. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2216. [PMID: 31681183 PMCID: PMC6797605 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic engineering of the biofuel-producing Zymomonas mobilis is necessary if we are to unlock the metabolic potential present in this non-model microbe. Manipulation of such organisms can be challenging because of the limited genetic tools for iterative genome modification. Here, we have developed an efficient method for generating markerless genomic deletions or additions in Z. mobilis. This is a two-step process that involves homologous recombination of an engineered suicide plasmid bearing Z. mobilis targeting sequences and a subsequent recombination event that leads to loss of the suicide plasmid and a genome modification. A key feature of this strategy is that GFP expressed from the suicide plasmid allows easy identification of cells that have lost the plasmid by using a fluorescence activated cell sorter. Using this method, we demonstrated deletion of the gene encoding lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) and the operon for cellulose synthase (bcsABC). In addition, by modifying the plasmid design, we demonstrated targeted insertion of the crtIBE operon encoding a neurosporene biosynthetic pathway into the Z. mobilis genome without addition of any antibiotic resistance genes. We propose this approach will provide an efficient and flexible platform for improved genetic engineering of Z. mobilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Behari Lal
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Fritz M Wells
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Yucai Lyu
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Indro N Ghosh
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Robert Landick
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Patricia J Kiley
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Reis-Mansur MCPP, Cardoso-Rurr JS, Silva JVMA, de Souza GR, Cardoso VDS, Mansoldo FRP, Pinheiro Y, Schultz J, Lopez Balottin LB, da Silva AJR, Lage C, Dos Santos EP, Rosado AS, Vermelho AB. Carotenoids from UV-resistant Antarctic Microbacterium sp. LEMMJ01. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9554. [PMID: 31266976 PMCID: PMC6606617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Microbacterium sp. LEMMJ01 isolated from Antarctic soil does not belong to any of the nearest species identified in the RDP database. Under UV radiation (A, B and C wavebands) the survival fractions of Microbacterium sp. cells were much higher compared with wild-type E. coli K12A15. Especially remarkable for an Antarctic bacterium, an expressive resistance against high UV-B doses was observed. The increased survival of DNA repair-proficient E. coli grown overnight added of 0.1 mg/ml or 1 mg/ml of the whole pigment extract produced by Microbacterium sp. revealed that part of the resistance of Microbacterium sp. against UV-B radiation seems to be connected with photoprotection by its pigments. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that UV-A and UV-B ensued membrane alterations only in E. coli. The APCI-MS fingerprints revealed the diagnostic ions for neurosporene (m/z 580, 566, 522, 538, and 524) synergism for the first time in this bacterium by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Carotenoids also were devoid of phototoxicity and cytotoxicity effects in mouse cells and in human keratinocytes and fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina P P Reis-Mansur
- BIOINOVAR - Biocatalysis, Bioproducts and Bioenergy, Paulo de Góes Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Janine S Cardoso-Rurr
- LaRBio - Radiations and Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Josemar V Maiworm Abreu Silva
- Labio/Dimav/Inmetro - Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering/Directorate of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences/National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Rodrigues de Souza
- Research Institute for Natural Products, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Verônica da Silva Cardoso
- BIOINOVAR - Biocatalysis, Bioproducts and Bioenergy, Paulo de Góes Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Raposo Passos Mansoldo
- BIOINOVAR - Biocatalysis, Bioproducts and Bioenergy, Paulo de Góes Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yuri Pinheiro
- LEMM - Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Ecology, Paulo de Góes Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Júnia Schultz
- LEMM - Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Ecology, Paulo de Góes Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciene B Lopez Balottin
- Labio/Dimav/Inmetro - Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering/Directorate of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences/National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Lage
- LaRBio - Radiations and Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisabete Pereira Dos Santos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Galenico Development Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Soares Rosado
- LEMM - Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Ecology, Paulo de Góes Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alane Beatriz Vermelho
- BIOINOVAR - Biocatalysis, Bioproducts and Bioenergy, Paulo de Góes Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Antolak H, Oracz J, Otlewska A, Żyżelewicz D, Kręgiel D. Identification of Carotenoids and Isoprenoid Quinones from Asaia lannensis and Asaia bogorensis. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101608. [PMID: 28946700 PMCID: PMC6151773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to identify and quantitatively assess of carotenoids and isoprenoid quinones biosynthesized by six different strains of acetic acid bacteria, belonging to genus Asaia, that are common beverage-spoiling bacteria in Europe. Bacterial cultures were conducted in a laboratory liquid culture minimal medium with 2% sucrose. Carotenoids and isoprenoid quinones were investigated using UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis. In general, tested strains of Asaia spp. were able to produce 10 carotenoids and 3 isoprenoid quinones: menaquinone-7, menaquinone-8, and ubiquinone-10. The main identified carotenoids in Asaia lannensis strains were phytofluene, neurosporene, α-carotene, while for Asaia bogorensis, neurosporene, canthaxanthin, and zeaxanthin were noted. What is more, tested Asaia spp. were able to produce myxoxanthophyll, which has so far been identified primarily in cyanobacteria. The results show that A. lannensis are characterized by statistically higher concentrations of produced carotenoids, as well as a greater variety of these compounds. We have noted that carotenoids were not only accumulated by bacterial cells, but also some strains of A. lannensis produced extracellular carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Antolak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, 171/173 Wólczańska, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Oracz
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, 4/10 Stefanowskiego, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Otlewska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, 171/173 Wólczańska, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Dorota Żyżelewicz
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, 4/10 Stefanowskiego, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Dorota Kręgiel
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, 171/173 Wólczańska, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
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