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Zhao B, Che H, Li L, Hu L, Yi W, Xiao L, Liu S, Hou Z. Asperuloside regulates the proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of chronic myeloid leukemia cell line K562 through the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23580. [PMID: 38226258 PMCID: PMC10788273 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignant hematopoietic stem cell disease caused by excessive proliferation and abnormal differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. Asperuloside (ASP) is considered to have good biological activity and may be a good anti-CML drug. Objective This study aimed to explore the effects and possible mechanisms of ASP on the biological behavior of K562 cells based on RNA-seq. Materials and methods The IC50 of ASP in K562 cells was calculated by the concentration-effect curve. Cell viability, apoptosis, and differentiation were detected by CCK8, flow cytometry, benzidine staining, and WB analysis, respectively. Further, RNA-seq was used to analyze the possible mechanism of ASP regulating K562 cells. Results ASP significantly inhibited the proliferation, and promoted apoptosis and differentiation of K562 cells. A total of 117 differentially expressed genes were screened by RNA-seq, mainly involved in the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway. PD98059 was used to inhibit the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway in K562 cells, and results confirmed that PD98059 could not only inhibit the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway, but also inhibit the regulation of ASP on the proliferation and differentiation of K562 cells. Conclusion ASP inhibited the proliferation, promoted apoptosis and differentiation of K562 cells by regulating the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway, and played a good anti-CML role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Linlin Li
- Department of Hematology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Lian Hu
- Department of Hematology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Wenjing Yi
- Department of Hematology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Songshan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Zhufa Hou
- Department of Hematology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
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Lomovskaya YV, Kobyakova MI, Senotov AS, Fadeeva IS, Lomovsky AI, Krasnov KS, Shtatnova DY, Akatov VS, Fadeev RS. Myeloid Differentiation Increases Resistance of Leukemic Cells to TRAIL-Induced Death by Reducing the Expression of DR4 and DR5 Receptors. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES A: MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747822060101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Ali S, Mumtaz S, Shakir HA, Khan M, Tahir HM, Mumtaz S, Mughal TA, Hassan A, Kazmi SAR, Sadia, Irfan M, Khan MA. Current status of beta-thalassemia and its treatment strategies. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1788. [PMID: 34738740 PMCID: PMC8683628 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thalassemia is an inherited hematological disorder categorized by a decrease or absence of one or more of the globin chains synthesis. Beta‐thalassemia is caused by one or more mutations in the beta‐globin gene. The absence or reduced amount of beta‐globin chains causes ineffective erythropoiesis which leads to anemia. Methods Beta‐thalassemia has been further divided into three main forms: thalassemia major, intermedia, and minor/silent carrier. A more severe form among these is thalassemia major in which individuals depend upon blood transfusion for survival. The high level of iron deposition occurs due to regular blood transfusion therapy. Results Overloaded iron raises the synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are noxious and prompting the injury to the hepatic, endocrine, and vascular system. Thalassemia can be analyzed and diagnosed via prenatal testing (genetic testing of amniotic fluid), blood smear, complete blood count, and DNA analysis (genetic testing). Treatment of thalassemia intermediate is symptomatic; however; it can also be accomplished by folic supplementation and splenectomy. Conclusion Thalassemia major can be cured through regular transfusion of blood, transplantation of bone marrow, iron chelation management, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, stimulation of fetal hemoglobin production, and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaukat Ali
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Mumtaz
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Tahir
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samaira Mumtaz
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tafail Akbar Mughal
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Hassan
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Sadia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adeeb Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
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HIF-1 directly induces TET3 expression to enhance 5-hmC density and induce erythroid gene expression in hypoxia. Blood Adv 2021; 4:3053-3062. [PMID: 32634239 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, cytosines found within cytosine guanine dinucleotides can be methylated to 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) by DNA methyltransferases and further oxidized by the Ten-eleven translocation dioxygenase (TET) enzymes to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). We have previously shown that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with TET2 mutations have aberrant 5-hmC distribution and less erythroid differentiation potential. However, these experiments were performed under standard tissue culture conditions with 21% oxygen (O2), whereas HSPCs in human bone marrow reside in ∼1% O2. Therefore, to model human erythropoiesis more accurately, we compared 5-hmC distribution and gene expression in hypoxic vs normoxic conditions. Despite TET enzymes having limited O2 as a substrate in hypoxia, 5-hmC peaks were more numerous and pronounced than in normoxia. Among the TET genes, TET3 was upregulated specifically in hypoxia. We identified 2 HIF-1 binding sites in TET3 by chromatin immunoprecipitation of HIF-1α followed by sequencing, and TET3 upregulation was abrogated with deletion of both sites, indicating that TET3 is a direct HIF-1 target. Finally, we showed that loss of one or both of these HIF-1 binding sites in K562 cells disrupted erythroid differentiation in hypoxia and lowered cell viability. This work provides a molecular link between O2 availability, epigenetic modification of chromatin, and erythroid differentiation.
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Li J, Zhou Z, Sun HX, Ouyang W, Dong G, Liu T, Ge L, Zhang X, Liu C, Gu Y. Transcriptome Analyses of β-Thalassemia -28(A>G) Mutation Using Isogenic Cell Models Generated by CRISPR/Cas9 and Asymmetric Single-Stranded Oligodeoxynucleotides (assODNs). Front Genet 2020; 11:577053. [PMID: 33193694 PMCID: PMC7580707 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.577053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
β-thalassemia, caused by mutations in the human hemoglobin β (HBB) gene, is one of the most common genetic diseases in the world. The HBB -28(A>G) mutation is one of the five most common mutations in Chinese patients with β-thalassemia. However, few studies have been conducted to understand how this mutation affects the expression of pathogenesis-related genes, including globin genes, due to limited homozygote clinical materials. Therefore, we developed an efficient technique using CRISPR/Cas9 combined with asymmetric single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (assODNs) to generate a K562 cell model with HBB -28(A>G) named K562-28(A>G). Then, we systematically analyzed the differences between K562-28(A>G) and K562 at the transcriptome level by high-throughput RNA-seq before and after erythroid differentiation. We found that the HBB -28(A>G) mutation not only disturbed the transcription of HBB, but also decreased the expression of HBG, which may further aggravate the thalassemia phenotype and partially explain the more severe clinical outcome of β-thalassemia patients with the HBB -28(A>G) mutation. Moreover, we found that the K562-28(A>G) cell line is more sensitive to hypoxia and shows a defective erythrogenic program compared with K562 before differentiation. Importantly, all abovementioned abnormalities in K562-28(A>G) were reversed after correction of this mutation with CRISPR/Cas9 and assODNs, confirming the specificity of these phenotypes. Overall, this is the first time to analyze the effects of the HBB -28(A>G) mutation at the whole-transcriptome level based on isogenic cell lines, providing a landscape for further investigation of the mechanism of β-thalassemia with the HBB -28(A>G) mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziheng Zhou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hai-Xi Sun
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Ouyang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoyi Dong
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianbin Liu
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Ge
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiuqing Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Gu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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6
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Shariati L, Modarressi MH, Tabatabaiefar MA, Kouhpayeh S, Hejazi Z, Shahbazi M, Sabzehei F, Salehi M, Khanahmad H. Engineered zinc-finger nuclease to generate site-directed modification in the KLF1 gene for fetal hemoglobin induction. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:8438-8446. [PMID: 30556211 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Elevation of hemoglobin F (HbF) ameliorates symptoms of β-thalassemia, as a common autosomal recessive disorder. In this study, the ability of an engineered zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN) system was assesed to disrupt the KLF1 gene to inhibit the γ to β hemoglobin switching in K562 cells. This study was performed using a second generation integration-deficient lentiviral vector assigned to transient gene targeting. The sequences coding for zinc finger protein arrays were designed and subcloned in TDH plus as a transfer vector. Transduction of K562 cells was performed with the integrase minus lentivirus containing ZFN. The indel percentage of the transducted cells with lentivirus containing ZFN was about 29%. Differentiation of K562 cell line into erythroid cell lineage was induced with cisplatin concentration of 15 µg/mL. After differentiation, γ-globin and HbF expression were evaluated using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and hemoglobin electrophoresis methods. The levels of γ-globin messenger RNA were nine-fold higher in the ZFN treated cells compared with untreated cells 5 days after differentiation. Hemoglobin electrophoresis method showed the same results for HbF level measurement. Application of the ZFN tool to induce KLF1 gene mutation in adult erythroid progenitors might be a candidate to stimulate HbF expression in β-thalassemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Shariati
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shirin Kouhpayeh
- Department of Immunology, Erythron Genetics and Pathobiology Laboratory, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Hejazi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Shahbazi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Faezeh Sabzehei
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mansoor Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Shariati L, Rohani F, Heidari Hafshejani N, Kouhpayeh S, Boshtam M, Mirian M, Rahimmanesh I, Hejazi Z, Modarres M, Pieper IL, Khanahmad H. Disruption of
SOX6
gene using CRISPR/Cas9 technology for gamma‐globin reactivation: An approach towards gene therapy of β‐thalassemia. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9357-9363. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Shariati
- Applied Physiology Research Center Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Fattah Rohani
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shahrekord Shahrekord Iran
| | - Nahid Heidari Hafshejani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Shirin Kouhpayeh
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Maryam Boshtam
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Mina Mirian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Zahra Hejazi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Mehran Modarres
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Ina Laura Pieper
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine Swansea University Medical School Swansea United Kingdom
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
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8
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Shariati L, Khanahmad H, Salehi M, Hejazi Z, Rahimmanesh I, Tabatabaiefar MA, Modarressi MH. Genetic disruption of the KLF1 gene to overexpress the γ-globin gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. J Gene Med 2018; 18:294-301. [PMID: 27668420 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-thalassemia comprises a major group of human genetic disorders involving a decrease in or an end to the normal synthesis of the β-globin chains of hemoglobin. KLF1 is a key regulatory molecule involved in the γ- to β-globin gene switching process directly inducing the expression of the β-globin gene and indirectly repressing γ-globin. The present study aimed to investigate the ability of an engineered CRISPR/Cas9 system with respect to disrupting the KLF1 gene to inhibit the γ- to β-hemoglobin switching process in K562 cells. METHODS We targeted three sites on the KLF1 gene, two of which are upstream of codon 288 in exon 2 and the other site being in exon 3. RESULTS The average indel percentage in the cells transfected with CRISPR a, b and c was approximately 24%. Relative quantification was performed for the assessment of γ-globin expression. The levels of γ-globin mRNA on day 5 of differentiation were 8.1-, 7.7- and 1.8-fold in the cells treated with CRISPR/Cas9 a, b and c, respectively,compared to untreated cells. The measurement of HbF expression levels confirmed the same results. CONCLUSIONS The findings obtained in the present study support the induction of an indel mutation in the KLF1 gene leading to a null allele. As a result, the effect of KLF1 on the expression of BCL11A is decreased and its inhibitory effect on γ-globin gene expression is removed. Application of CRISPR technology to induce an indel in the KLF1 gene in adult erythroid progenitors may provide a method for activating fetal hemoglobin expression in individuals with β-thalassemia or sickle cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Shariati
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mansoor Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Hejazi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Modares Sadeghi M, Shariati L, Hejazi Z, Shahbazi M, Tabatabaiefar MA, Khanahmad H. Inducing indel mutation in the SOX6 gene by zinc finger nuclease for gamma reactivation: An approach towards gene therapy of beta thalassemia. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2512-2519. [PMID: 28941328 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
β-thalassemia is a common autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a deficiency in the synthesis of β-chains. Evidences show that increased HbF levels improve the symptoms in patients with β-thalassemia or sickle cell anemia. In this study, ZFN technology was applied to induce a mutation in the binding domain region of SOX6 to reactivate γ-globin expression. The sequences coding for ZFP arrays were designed and sub cloned in TDH plus as a transfer vector. The ZFN expression was confirmed using Western blot analysis. In the next step, using the site-directed mutagenesis strategy through the overlap PCR, a missense mutation (D64V) was induced in the catalytic domain of the integrase gene in the packaging plasmid and verified using DNA sequencing. Then, the integrase minus lentivirus containing ZFN cassette was packaged. Transduction of K562 cells with this virus was performed. Mutation detection assay was performed. The indel percentage of the cells transducted with lenti virus containing ZFN was 31%. After 5 days of erythroid differentiation with 15 μg/mL cisplatin, the levels of γ-globin mRNA were sixfold in the cells treated with ZFN compared to untreated cells. In the meantime, the measurement of HbF expression levels was carried out using hemoglobin electrophoresis and showed the same results. Integrase minus lentivirus can provide a useful tool for efficient transient gene expression and helps avoid disadvantages of gene targeting using the native virus. The ZFN strategy applied here to induce indel on SOX6 gene in adult erythroid progenitors may provide a method to activate fetal hemoglobin expression in individuals with β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Modares Sadeghi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Shariati
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Hejazi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Shahbazi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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