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Lee J, Lee J, Choi Y, Kim T, Chang PS. An sn-2 regioselective lipase with cis-fatty acid preference from Cordyceps militaris: Biochemical characterization and insights into its regioselective mechanism. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:134013. [PMID: 39032883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Lipase with unique regioselectivity is an attractive biocatalyst for elaborate lipid modification. However, the excavation of novel sn-2 regioselective lipases is difficult due to their scarcity in nature, with Candida antarctica lipase A (CALA) being the pronouncedly reported one. Here, we identified a novel CALA-like lipase from Cordyceps militaris (CACML7) via in silico mining. Through chiral-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, we determined that CACML7 displays sn-2 regioselectivity (>68 %) as does CALA, but exhibits distinctive chain length selectivity and bias against unsaturated fats. Notably, the curvature of the acyl-binding tunnel was expected to contribute to the 2.2-fold higher preference for cis-fatty acid (C18:1, cis-Δ9) over trans-fatty acid (C18:1, trans-Δ9) unlike trans-active CALA. Random pose docking of trioleoylglycerol (TOG) into the active site of a lid-truncated mutant of CACML7 revealed that TOG accepts a tuning fork conformation, of which the precise positioning of the reactive ester group towards the catalytic center was only favorable via sn-2 binding mode. The unique active site morphology, which we refer to as an "acyl-binding tunnel with a narrow entrance," may contribute to the sn-2 regioselectivity of CACML7. Our data provide an attractive model to better understand the mechanism underlying sn-2 regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juno Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Juchan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonseok Choi
- Center for Agricultural Microorganism and Enzyme, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyeong Kim
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Integrated Major in Global Smart Farm, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Agricultural Microorganism and Enzyme, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Alejaldre L, Lemay-St-Denis C, Pelletier JN, Quaglia D. Tuning Selectivity in CalA Lipase: Beyond Tunnel Engineering. Biochemistry 2023; 62:396-409. [PMID: 36580299 PMCID: PMC9851156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Engineering studies of Candida (Pseudozyma) antarctica lipase A (CalA) have demonstrated the potential of this enzyme in the selective hydrolysis of fatty acid esters of different chain lengths. CalA has been shown to bind substrates preferentially through an acyl-chain binding tunnel accessed via the hydrolytic active site; it has also been shown that selectivity for substrates of longer or shorter chain length can be tuned, for instance by modulating steric hindrance within the tunnel. Here we demonstrate that, whereas the tunnel region is certainly of paramount importance for substrate recognition, residues in distal regions of the enzyme can also modulate substrate selectivity. To this end, we investigate variants that carry one or more substitutions within the substrate tunnel as well as in distal regions. Combining experimental determination of the substrate selectivity using natural and synthetic substrates with computational characterization of protein dynamics and of tunnels, we deconvolute the effect of key substitutions and demonstrate that epistatic interactions contribute to procuring selectivity toward either long-chain or short/medium-chain fatty acid esters. We demonstrate that various mechanisms contribute to the diverse selectivity profiles, ranging from reshaping tunnel morphology and tunnel stabilization to obstructing the main substrate-binding tunnel, highlighting the dynamic nature of the substrate-binding region. This work provides important insights into the versatility of this robust lipase toward diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorea Alejaldre
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein, Function, Engineering
and Applications, https://proteo.ca/en/
- CGCC, Center
in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, QC, CanadaG1V 0A6
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, CanadaH3T 1J4
| | - Claudèle Lemay-St-Denis
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein, Function, Engineering
and Applications, https://proteo.ca/en/
- CGCC, Center
in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, QC, CanadaG1V 0A6
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, CanadaH3T 1J4
| | - Joelle N. Pelletier
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein, Function, Engineering
and Applications, https://proteo.ca/en/
- CGCC, Center
in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, QC, CanadaG1V 0A6
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, CanadaH3T 1J4
- Department
of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, CanadaH2V 0B3
| | - Daniela Quaglia
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein, Function, Engineering
and Applications, https://proteo.ca/en/
- CGCC, Center
in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, QC, CanadaG1V 0A6
- Department
of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, CanadaH2V 0B3
- Department
of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, CanadaK1S 5B6
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Monteiro RR, Virgen-Ortiz JJ, Berenguer-Murcia Á, da Rocha TN, dos Santos JC, Alcántara AR, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Biotechnological relevance of the lipase A from Candida antarctica. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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