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Zimmer EA, Berg JA, Dudash MR. Genetic diversity and population structure among native, naturalized, and invasive populations of the common yellow monkeyflower, Mimulus guttatus (Phrymaceae). Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9596. [PMID: 37038527 PMCID: PMC10082173 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An ongoing controversy in invasion biology is the prevalence of colonizing plant populations that are able to establish and spread, while maintaining limited amounts of genetic variation. Invasive populations can be established through several routes including from a single source or from multiple introductions. The aim of this study was to examine genetic diversity in populations of Mimulus guttatus in the United Kingdom, where the species is considered invasive, and compare this diversity to that in native populations on the west coast of North America. Additionally, we looked at diversity in non-native populations that have not yet become invasive (naturalized populations) in eastern North America. We investigated population structure among populations in these three regions and attempted to uncover the sources for populations that have established in the naturalized and invasive regions. We found that genetic diversity was, on average, relatively high in populations from the invasive UK region and comparable to native populations. Contrastingly, two naturalized M. guttatus populations were low in both genetic and genotypic diversity, indicating a history of asexual reproduction and self-fertilization. A third naturalized population was found to be a polyploid Mimulus hybrid of unknown origin. Our results demonstrate that M. guttatus has likely achieved colonization success outside of its native western North America distribution by a variety of establishment pathways, including those with genetic and demographic benefits resulting from multiple introductions in the UK, reproductive assurance through selfing, and asexual reproduction in eastern North America, and possible polyploidization in one Canadian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Zimmer
- Department of Botany and Laboratories of Analytical Biology, National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Jason A. Berg
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Michele R. Dudash
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA
- Department of Natural Resource ManagementSouth Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSouth DakotaUSA
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Hagenblad J, Hülskötter J, Acharya KP, Brunet J, Chabrerie O, Cousins SAO, Dar PA, Diekmann M, De Frenne P, Hermy M, Jamoneau A, Kolb A, Lemke I, Plue J, Reshi ZA, Graae BJ. Low genetic diversity despite multiple introductions of the invasive plant species Impatiens glandulifera in Europe. BMC Genet 2015; 16:103. [PMID: 26289555 PMCID: PMC4546075 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-015-0242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Invasive species can be a major threat to native biodiversity and the number of invasive plant species is increasing across the globe. Population genetic studies of invasive species can provide key insights into their invasion history and ensuing evolution, but also for their control. Here we genetically characterise populations of Impatiens glandulifera, an invasive plant in Europe that can have a major impact on native plant communities. We compared populations from the species’ native range in Kashmir, India, to those in its invaded range, along a latitudinal gradient in Europe. For comparison, the results from 39 other studies of genetic diversity in invasive species were collated. Results Our results suggest that I. glandulifera was established in the wild in Europe at least twice, from an area outside of our Kashmir study area. Our results further revealed that the genetic diversity in invasive populations of I. glandulifera is unusually low compared to native populations, in particular when compared to other invasive species. Genetic drift rather than mutation seems to have played a role in differentiating populations in Europe. We find evidence of limitations to local gene flow after introduction to Europe, but somewhat less restrictions in the native range. I. glandulifera populations with significant inbreeding were only found in the species’ native range and invasive species in general showed no increase in inbreeding upon leaving their native ranges. In Europe we detect cases of migration between distantly located populations. Human activities therefore seem to, at least partially, have facilitated not only introductions, but also further spread of I. glandulifera across Europe. Conclusions Although multiple introductions will facilitate the retention of genetic diversity in invasive ranges, widespread invasive species can remain genetically relatively invariant also after multiple introductions. Phenotypic plasticity may therefore be an important component of the successful spread of Impatiens glandulifera across Europe. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-015-0242-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Hagenblad
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway. .,IFM - Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Jennifer Hülskötter
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway. .,University of Applied Sciences Bremen, DE-28199, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Kamal Prasad Acharya
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, SE-230 53, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Olivier Chabrerie
- Plant Biodiversity Lab, FRE 3498 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, FR-80037, Amiens, Cedex, France.
| | - Sara A O Cousins
- Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Pervaiz A Dar
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar - 190006, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, University of Bremen, DE-28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, BE-9090, Melle Gontrode, Belgium.
| | - Martin Hermy
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, University of Leuven, BE-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Aurélien Jamoneau
- Plant Biodiversity Lab, FRE 3498 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, FR-80037, Amiens, Cedex, France.
| | - Annette Kolb
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, University of Bremen, DE-28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Isgard Lemke
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, University of Bremen, DE-28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Jan Plue
- Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Zafar A Reshi
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar - 190006, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
| | - Bente Jessen Graae
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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Fennell M, Gallagher T, Vintro LL, Osborne B. Using soil seed banks to assess temporal patterns of genetic variation in invasive plant populations. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:1648-58. [PMID: 24967082 PMCID: PMC4063465 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Most research on the genetics of invasive plant species has focused on analyzing spatial differences among existing populations. Using a long-established Gunnera tinctoria population from Ireland, we evaluated the potential of using plants derived from seeds associated with different soil layers to track genetic variation through time. This species and site were chosen because (1) G. tinctoria produces a large and persistent seed bank; (2) it has been present in this locality, Sraheens, for ∼90 years; (3) the soil is largely undisturbed; and (4) the soil's age can be reliably determined radiometrically at different depths. Amplified fragment length polymorphic markers (AFLPs) were used to assess differences in the genetic structure of 75 individuals sampled from both the standing population and from four soil layers, which spanned 18 cm (estimated at ∼90 years based on 210Pb and 137Cs dating). While there are difficulties in interpreting such data, including accounting for the effects of selection, seed loss, and seed migration, a clear pattern of lower total allele counts, percentage polymorphic loci, and genetic diversity was observed in deeper soils. The greatest percentage increase in the measured genetic variables occurred prior to the shift from the lag to the exponential range expansion phases and may be of adaptive significance. These findings highlight that seed banks in areas with long-established invasive populations can contain valuable genetic information relating to invasion processes and as such, should not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Fennell
- University College Dublin, School of Biological and Environmental Science Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland ; RPS Group Willow Mere House, Compass Point Business Park, St Ives, Cambridgeshire, PE27 5JL, U.K
| | - Tommy Gallagher
- University College Dublin, School of Biological and Environmental Science Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Luis Leon Vintro
- University College Dublin, School of Physics Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Bruce Osborne
- University College Dublin, School of Biological and Environmental Science Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland ; University College Dublin, School of Biological and Environmental Science Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Fennell M, Murphy JE, Gallagher T, Osborne B. Simulating the effects of climate change on the distribution of an invasive plant, using a high resolution, local scale, mechanistic approach: challenges and insights. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:1262-1274. [PMID: 23504901 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The growing economic and ecological damage associated with biological invasions, which will likely be exacerbated by climate change, necessitates improved projections of invasive spread. Generally, potential changes in species distribution are investigated using climate envelope models; however, the reliability of such models has been questioned and they are not suitable for use at local scales. At this scale, mechanistic models are more appropriate. This paper discusses some key requirements for mechanistic models and utilises a newly developed model (PSS[gt]) that incorporates the influence of habitat type and related features (e.g., roads and rivers), as well as demographic processes and propagule dispersal dynamics, to model climate induced changes in the distribution of an invasive plant (Gunnera tinctoria) at a local scale. A new methodology is introduced, dynamic baseline benchmarking, which distinguishes climate-induced alterations in species distributions from other potential drivers of change. Using this approach, it was concluded that climate change, based on IPCC and C4i projections, has the potential to increase the spread-rate and intensity of G. tinctoria invasions. Increases in the number of individuals were primarily due to intensification of invasion in areas already invaded or in areas projected to be invaded in the dynamic baseline scenario. Temperature had the largest influence on changes in plant distributions. Water availability also had a large influence and introduced the most uncertainty in the projections. Additionally, due to the difficulties of parameterising models such as this, the process has been streamlined by utilising methods for estimating unknown variables and selecting only essential parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Fennell
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland.
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